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Sharma H, Mondal S, Urquiza U, Esparza C, Bartlett S, Santa-Pinter L, Hill H, White M, Sharma P, Luckett-Chastain L, Cooper A, Rasel M, Gao P, Battaile KP, Shukla SK, Lovell S, Ihnat MA. Synthesis and biological characterization of an orally bioavailable lactate dehydrogenase-A inhibitor against pancreatic cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116598. [PMID: 38925013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDHA) is the major isoform of lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) that is overexpressed and linked to poor survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Despite some progress, current LDH inhibitors have poor structural and physicochemical properties or exhibit unfavorable pharmacokinetics that have hampered their development. The present study reports the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of LDHA inhibitors comprising a succinic acid monoamide motif. Compounds 6 and 21 are structurally related analogs that demonstrated potent inhibition of LDHA with IC50s of 46 nM and 72 nM, respectively. We solved cocrystal structures of compound 21-bound to LDHA that showed that the compound binds to a distinct allosteric site between the two subunits of the LDHA tetramer. Inhibition of LDHA correlated with reduced lactate production and reduction of glycolysis in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. The lead compounds inhibit the proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines and patient-derived 3D organoids and exhibit a synergistic cytotoxic effect with the OXPHOS inhibitor phenformin. Unlike current LDHA inhibitors, 6 and 21 have appropriate pharmacokinetics and ligand efficiency metrics, exhibit up to 73% oral bioavailability, and a cumulative half-life greater than 4 h in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horrick Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA.
| | - Somrita Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Uzziah Urquiza
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Colter Esparza
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Seth Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Landon Santa-Pinter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Hanna Hill
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Madalyn White
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Pragya Sharma
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA
| | - Lerin Luckett-Chastain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Anne Cooper
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Mohammad Rasel
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Surendra K Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, OU College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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Chelakkot C, Chelakkot VS, Shin Y, Song K. Modulating Glycolysis to Improve Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2606. [PMID: 36768924 PMCID: PMC9916680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and switch to a 'glycolysis-dominant' metabolic profile to promote their survival and meet their requirements for energy and macromolecules. This phenomenon, also known as the 'Warburg effect,' provides a survival advantage to the cancer cells and make the tumor environment more pro-cancerous. Additionally, the increased glycolytic dependence also promotes chemo/radio resistance. A similar switch to a glycolytic metabolic profile is also shown by the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, inducing a competition between the cancer cells and the tumor-infiltrating cells over nutrients. Several recent studies have shown that targeting the enhanced glycolysis in cancer cells is a promising strategy to make them more susceptible to treatment with other conventional treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Although several targeting strategies have been developed and several of them are in different stages of pre-clinical and clinical evaluation, there is still a lack of effective strategies to specifically target cancer cell glycolysis to improve treatment efficacy. Herein, we have reviewed our current understanding of the role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and how targeting this phenomenon could be a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Youngkee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01366, Republic of Korea
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Counihan JL, Grossman EA, Nomura DK. Cancer Metabolism: Current Understanding and Therapies. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6893-6923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Counihan
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Grossman
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel K. Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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