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Phase transition and remodeling complex assembly are important for SS18-SSX oncogenic activity in synovial sarcomas. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2724. [PMID: 35585082 PMCID: PMC9117659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncoprotein SS18-SSX is a hallmark of synovial sarcomas. However, as a part of the SS18-SSX fusion protein, SS18’s function remains unclear. Here, we depict the structures of both human SS18/BRG1 and yeast SNF11/SNF2 subcomplexes. Both subcomplexes assemble into heterodimers that share a similar conformation, suggesting that SNF11 might be a homologue of SS18 in chromatin remodeling complexes. Importantly, our study shows that the self-association of the intrinsically disordered region, QPGY domain, leads to liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of SS18 or SS18-SSX and the subsequent recruitment of BRG1 into phase-separated condensates. Moreover, our results show that the tyrosine residues in the QPGY domain play a decisive role in the LLPS of SS18 or SS18-SSX. Perturbations of either SS18-SSX LLPS or SS18-SSX’s binding to BRG1 impair NIH3T3 cell transformation by SS18-SSX. Our data demonstrate that both LLPS and assembling into chromatin remodelers contribute to the oncogenic activity of SS18-SSX in synovial sarcomas. Oncoprotein SS18-SSX is a hallmark of synovial sarcoma. Here the authors report phase separation of SS18-SSX and the binding of SS18-SSX to chromatin remodeling complex are important for the transformation activity of the oncoprotein SS18-SSX.
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Riedel RF, Jones RL, Italiano A, Bohac C, Thompson JC, Mueller K, Khan Z, Pollack SM, Van Tine BA. Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy in Synovial Sarcoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110417. [PMID: 30388821 PMCID: PMC6267101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive malignancy which accounts for approximately 5–10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. SS has pathologic and genomic characteristics that define it as a distinct subtype of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). STS subtypes continue to be recognized as distinct entities with specific characteristics, including differential chemo-sensitivity. The objective of this study was to conduct a descriptive review of current data on survival outcomes of systemic anti-cancer therapy specific to SS. A systematic literature review was conducted, using a custom search strategy to search EMBASE, Medline and CENTRAL for clinical trials and observational studies reporting overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and/or response for cohorts of at least 50 SS patients. We identified 28 studies meeting these criteria, 25 of which were retrospective studies. Only three prospective studies were identified. Survival reports varied widely between studies based on the population, in particular on the disease stage, and reporting was heterogeneous in terms of the time points reported on. For patients with localized disease, reports of five-year PFS ranged from 26% to 80.7% and five-year OS from 40% to 90.7%, whereas five-year OS for patients with metastatic disease was very low at around 10%; and in one case, 0% was reported. Only four of the included publications reported outcomes by type of systemic anti-cancer therapy received. Our study draws attention to the fact that additional prospective studies to better define the most appropriate treatment for SS in all stages and lines of therapy are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Riedel
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Robin L Jones
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chet Bohac
- Immune Design Corporation, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | | | - Zaeem Khan
- ICON Epidemiology, ICON plc, Vancouver, BC V6B 1P1, Canada.
| | - Seth M Pollack
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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