1
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Llamosí A, Szymański MP, Szumna A. Molecular vessels from preorganised natural building blocks. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4434-4462. [PMID: 38497833 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00801k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular vessels emerged as tools to mimic and better understand compartmentalisation, a central aspect of living matter. However, many more applications that go beyond those initial goals have been documented in recent years, including new sensory systems, artificial transmembrane transporters, catalysis, and targeted drug or gene delivery. Peptides, carbohydrates, nucleobases, and steroids bear great potential as building blocks for the construction of supramolecular vessels, possessing complexity that is still difficult to attain with synthetic methods - they are rich in functional groups and well-defined stereogenic centers, ready for noncovalent interactions and further functions. One of the options to tame the functional and dynamic complexity of natural building blocks is to place them at spatially designed positions using synthetic scaffolds. In this review, we summarise the historical and recent advances in the construction of molecular-sized vessels by the strategy that couples synthetic predictability and durability of various scaffolds (cyclodextrins, porphyrins, crown ethers, calix[n]arenes, resorcin[n]arenes, pillar[n]arenes, cyclotriveratrylenes, coordination frameworks and multivalent high-symmetry molecules) with functionality originating from natural building blocks to obtain nanocontainers, cages, capsules, cavitands, carcerands or coordination cages by covalent chemistry, self-assembly, or dynamic covalent chemistry with the ultimate goal to apply them in sensing, transport, or catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Llamosí
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Marek P Szymański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
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2
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Yao C, Wang T. Quantum Size-Driven Spectral Variations in Pillar[n]arene Systems: A Density Functional Theory and Wave Function Assessment. Molecules 2024; 29:1912. [PMID: 38731404 PMCID: PMC11085802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the quantum size effects on the optical properties of pillar[n]arene (n = 5, 6, 7, 8) utilizing density functional theory (DFT) and wave function analysis. The mechanisms of electron transitions in one-photon absorption (OPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra are investigated, alongside the calculation of electron circular dichroism (ECD) for these systems. Transition Density Matrix (TDM) and electron-hole pair density maps are employed to study the electron excitation characteristics, unveiling a notable size dependency. Analysis of the transition electric dipole moment (TEDM) and the transition magnetic dipole moment (TMDM) reveals the electromagnetic interaction mechanism within pillar[n]arene. Raman spectra computations further elucidate vibrational modes, while interactions with external environments are studied using electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis, and electron delocalization is assessed under an external magnetic field, providing insights into the magnetically induced current phenomena within these supramolecular structures. The thermal stability of pillar[n]arene was investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailian Yao
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China
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3
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Supramolecular Polymers: Recent Advances Based on the Types of Underlying Interactions. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Liu Z, Li B, Song L, Zhang H. Pillar[ n]arene-calix[ m]arene hybrid macrocyclic structures. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28185-28195. [PMID: 36320255 PMCID: PMC9528731 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To reserve planar chirality, enhance molecular recognition, and build advanced self-assemblies, hybrid macrocyclic hosts containing rigid pillar[n]arene and flexible calix[m]arene were designed, prepared and investigated for interesting applications. This review summarizes and discusses different synthetic strategies for constructing hybrid macrocyclic structures. Pillar[n]arene dimer with rigid aromatic double bridges provided the possibility of introducing calix[m]arene cavities, where the planar chirality was reserved in the structure of pillararene. The capacity for molecular recognition was enhanced by hybrid macrocyclic cavities. Interestingly, the obtained pillar[n]arene-calix[m]arene could self-assemble into "channels" and "honeycomb" in both the solid state and solution phase as well as donate the molecular architecture as the wheel for the formation of mechanically interlocked molecules, such as rotaxane. In addition, the pillar[n]arene and calix[m]arene could also be coupled together to produce pillar[n]arene embeded 1,3-alternate and cone conformational calix[m]arene derivatives, which could catalyze the oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous solutions. Except for building hybrid cyclophanes by covalent bonds, weak supramolecular interactions were used to prepare pillar[n]arene-calix[m]arene analogous composites with other pillar-like pillar[n]pyridiniums and calix-like calix[m]pyrroles, exhibiting reasonable performances in enhancing molecular recognition and trapping solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaona Liu
- Medical School, Xi'an Peihua University Xi'an 710125 Shaanxi China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Leqian Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
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5
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Liu Z, Li B, Li Z, Zhang H. Pillar[n]arene-Mimicking/Assisted/Participated Carbon Nanotube Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6119. [PMID: 36079500 PMCID: PMC9458132 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent progress in pillar[n]arene-assisted/participated carbon nanotube hybrid materials were initially summarized and discussed. The molecular structure of pillar[n]arene could serve different roles in the fabrication of attractive carbon nanotube-based materials. Firstly, pillar[n]arene has the ability to provide the structural basis for enlarging the cylindrical pillar-like architecture by forming one-dimensional, rigid, tubular, oligomeric/polymeric structures with aromatic moieties as the linker, or forming spatially "closed", channel-like, flexible structures by perfunctionalizing with peptides and with intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Interestingly, such pillar[n]arene-based carbon nanotube-resembling structures were used as porous materials for the adsorption and separation of gas and toxic pollutants, as well as for artificial water channels and membranes. In addition to the art of organic synthesis, self-assembly based on pillar[n]arene, such as self-assembled amphiphilic molecules, is also used to promote and control the dispersion behavior of carbon nanotubes in solution. Furthermore, functionalized pillar[n]arene derivatives integrated carbon nanotubes to prepare advanced hybrid materials through supramolecular interactions, which could also incorporate various compositions such as Ag and Au nanoparticles for catalysis and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaona Liu
- Medical School, Xi’an Peihua University, Xi’an 710125, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zhizheng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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6
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Chao Y, Thikekar TU, Fang W, Chang R, Xu J, Ouyang N, Xu J, Gao Y, Guo M, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. "Rim-Differentiated" Pillar[6]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204589. [PMID: 35451151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A "rim-differentiated" pillar[6]arene (RD-P[6]) was obtained successfully, with the assistance of a dimeric silver trifluoroacetate template, among eight different constitutional isomers in a direct and regioselective manner. The solid-state conformation of this macrocycle could switch from the 1,3,5-alternate to a truly rim-differentiated one upon guest inclusion. This highly symmetric RD-P[6] not only hosts metal-containing molecules inside its cavity, but also can form a pillar[6]arene-C60 adduct through co-crystallization on account of donor-acceptor interactions. The development of synthetic strategies to desymmetrize pillararenes offers new opportunities for engineering complex molecular architectures and organic electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tushar Ulhas Thikekar
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wangjian Fang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rong Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Nianfeng Ouyang
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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7
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Liu Z, Zhou L, Zhang H, Han J. Cyclodextrin-pillar[ n]arene hybridized macrocyclic systems. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4278-4288. [PMID: 35552579 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin (CD) and pillar[n]arene are significant macrocyclic host molecules in supramolecular chemistry, and have either similar or contrasting physicochemical properties, for example, both can provide capable cavities available for recognizing various favorite guest molecules, while they usually possess different solubility in aqueous solutions, and exhibit diverse chiral characteristics. To balance their similarity and differences inherited from each chemical structure and incorporate both advantages, the CD-pillar[n]arene hybrid macrocyclic system was recently developed. In this review, we will focus on the preparation and application of CD-pillar[n]arene hybrid macrocyclic systems. Both noncovalent interactions and covalent bonds were employed in the synthesis strategies of building the hybrid macrocyclic system, which was in the form of host-guest inclusion, self-assembly, conjugated molecules, and polymeric structures. Furthermore, the CD-pillar[n]arene hybrid macrocyclic system has been primarily applied for the removal of organic pollutants from water, induced chirality, as well as photocatalysis due to the integration of both cavities from CD and pillar[n]arene as hybrid hosts and chiral characteristics inherited from their chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaona Liu
- Medical School, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an 710125, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Le Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Jie Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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8
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Hybrid Macrocyclic Polymers: Self-Assembly Containing Cucurbit[m]uril-pillar[n]arene. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091777. [PMID: 35566949 PMCID: PMC9106019 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly by hybrid macrocycles containing both cucurbit[m]uril (CB[m]) and pillar[n]arene was discussed and summarized in this review. Due to different solubility, diverse-sized cavities, and various driving forces in recognizing guests, the role of CB[m] and pillar[n]arene in such hybrid macrocyclic systems could switch between competitor in capturing specialized guests, and cooperator for building advanced hybridized macrocycles, by controlling their characteristics in host–guest inclusions. Furthermore, both CB[m] and pillar[n]arene were employed for fabricating advanced supramolecular self-assemblies such as mechanically interlocked molecules and supramolecular polymers. In those self-assemblies, CB[m] and pillar[n]arene played significant roles in, e.g., microreactor for catalyzing particular reactions to bridge different small pieces together, molecular “joint” to connect different monomers into larger assemblies, and “stabilizer” in accommodating the guest molecules to adopt a favorite structure geometry ready for assembling.
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9
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Chao Y, Thikekar TU, Fang W, Chang R, Xu J, Ouyang N, Xu J, Gao Y, Guo M, Zuilhof H, Sue ACH. "Rim‐Differentiated" Pillar[6]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chao
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | | | - Wangjian Fang
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology CHINA
| | - Rong Chang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jiong Xu
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Nianfeng Ouyang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jun Xu
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Yan Gao
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Minjie Guo
- Tianjin University School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology CHINA
| | - Han Zuilhof
- WUR: Wageningen University & Research Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Andrew Chi-Hau Sue
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 422 Siming S. Rd.Siming Dist. 361005 Xiamen CHINA
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10
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Shi C, Li H, Shi X, Zhao L, Qiu H. Chiral pillar[n]arenes: Conformation inversion, material preparation and applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Zuilhof H, Sue ACH, Escorihuela J. On the Stability and Formation of Pillar[ n]arenes: a DFT Study. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14956-14963. [PMID: 34677050 PMCID: PMC8576824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased use of both pillar[5]arenes and pillar[6]arenes, stimulated by increasingly efficient syntheses of both, has brought forward the question as to what drives the intermediates in this Friedel-Crafts ring formation to form a pillar[5]arene, a pillar[6]arene, or any other sized macrocycle. This study sets out to answer this question by studying both the thermodynamics and kinetics involved in the absence and presence of templating solvents using high-end wB97XD/6-311G(2p,2d) DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zuilhof
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6703 WE, The
Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew C.-H. Sue
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen
University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Universitat
de València, Avda.
Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot 46100, València, Spain
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12
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Acikbas Y, Aksoy M, Aksoy M, Karaagac D, Bastug E, Kursunlu AN, Erdogan M, Capan R, Ozmen M, Ersoz M. Recent progress in pillar[n]arene-based thin films on chemical sensor applications. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Cao S, Zhou L, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Zhao Y. Pillararene-based self-assemblies for electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 181:113164. [PMID: 33744670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ingenious design and synthesis of novel macrocycles bring out renewed vigor of supramolecular chemistry in the past decade. As an intriguing class of macrocycles, pillararene and pillararene-based functional materials that are constructed through the noncovalent bond self-assembly approach have been undergoing a rapid growth, benefiting from their unique structures and physiochemical properties. This review elaborates recent significant advances of electrochemical studies based on pillararene systems. Fundamental electrochemical behavior of pillar[n]arene[m]quinone and pillararene-based self-assemblies as well as their applications in electrochemical biosensors are highlighted. In addition, the advantages and functions of pillararene self-assembly systems resulted from the unique molecular architectures are analyzed. Finally, current challenges and future development tendency in this burgeoning field are discussed from the viewpoint of both fundamental research and applications. Overall, this review not only manifests the main development vein of pillararene-based electrochemical systems, but also conquers a solid foundation for their further bioelectrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Le Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
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14
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Yang J, Dai D, Ma L, Yang YW. Molecular-scale drug delivery systems loaded with oxaliplatin for supramolecular chemotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Song Q, Mei L, Zhang X, Xu P, Dhinakaran MK, Li H, Yang G. Spreading of benquitrione droplets on superhydrophobic leaves through pillar[5]arene-based host–guest chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7593-7596. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02187c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spreading of agricultural sprays on plant surfaces is a significant task as it helps decrease pesticide usage and thereby reduces the risk of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Song
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Longcan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Xujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Pingping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Manivannan Kalavathi Dhinakaran
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Haibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
| | - Guangfu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology (CCNU)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Central China Normal University
- Wuhan 430079
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16
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Cao D, Meier H. Pillararene-based fluorescent sensors for the tracking of organic compounds. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Da Pian M, Schalley CA, Fabris F, Scarso A. Insights into the synthesis of pillar[5]arene and its conversion into pillar[6]arene. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00176j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of pillar[5]arenes from p-dialkoxybenzene and formaldehyde in the presence of iron(iii) chloride and tetramethylammonium chloride under mild reaction conditions was investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Da Pian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- 30172 Venezia Mestre
- Italy
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Organische Chemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Fabrizio Fabris
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- 30172 Venezia Mestre
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- 30172 Venezia Mestre
- Italy
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18
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Yang K, Pei Y, Wen J, Pei Z. Recent advances in pillar[n]arenes: synthesis and applications based on host-guest interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 52:9316-26. [PMID: 27332040 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03641d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes (n = 5-15) are a novel class of macrocyclic molecules with hydroquinone as the repeating unit linked by methylene bridges at para-positions. Introduced by T. Ogoshi for the first time in 2008, pillararenes have attracted increasing interest and have been widely studied during the last eight years, due to their unique structural advantages as host molecules, such as symmetrical rigid architecture, electron-rich cavities and facile functional modification. In this review, we first describe the syntheses of pillar[n]arenes including cyclooligomerization of pillar[n]arenes and modification of pillar[n]arenes after cyclooligomerization, summarising almost twenty different kinds of guest motifs and dividing them into three types: cationic, neutral and anionic motifs. The main section of this review examines the applications of pillar[n]arenes based on the host-guest interactions in different research fields, including biology, materials science and environmental science. Finally, future research directions and potential for novel applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Al-Azemi TF, Mohamod AA, Vinodh M, Alipour FH. A new approach for the synthesis of mono- and A1/A2-dihydroxy-substituted pillar[5]arenes and their complexation with alkyl alcohols in solution and in the solid state. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A new method for synthesizing hydroxy-functionalized pillar[5]arenes by catalytic hydrogenation to remove the benzyl protecting groups of a pillararene precursor has been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mickey Vinodh
- Chemistry Department
- Kuwait University
- Safat 13060
- Kuwait
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20
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Yin CB, Han Y, Huo GF, Sun J, Yan CG. Synthesis, crystal structures and complexing ability of difunctionalized copillar[5]arene Schiff bases. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Cheng W, Tang H, Wang R, Wang L, Meier H, Cao D. Selective precipitation of alkyl dihalides using a newly synthesized water-soluble bisphosphorylpillar[5]arene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:8075-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03494b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphorylpillar[5]arene H2 binds strongly to alkyldiammonium ions and alkyl dihalides. The halogen bonds between H2 and alkyl dihalides lead to the rapid precipitation of the complex in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University
- Newark
- USA
| | - Rongrong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
| | - Herbert Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Mainz
- D-55099 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Derong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510641
- China
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22
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Yang J, Li Z, Shao L, Yu G. Pillar[10]arene-based host–guest complexation promoted self-assembly: from nanoparticles to uniform giant vesicles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel host-guest recognition motif between a water-soluble pillar[10]arene and pyrene derivative was established and further applied in the fabrication of a pH-responsive supra-amphiphile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
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23
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Abstract
Macrocyclic chemistry has relied on the dominance of some key cavitands, including cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cyclophanes, and cucurbiturils, to advance the field of host-guest science. Very few of the many other cavitands introduced by chemists during these past few decades have been developed to near the extent of these four key players. A relatively new family of macrocycles that are becoming increasingly dominant in the field of macrocyclic chemistry are the pillar[n]arenes composed of n hydroquinone rings connected in their 2- and 5-positions by methylene bridges. This substitution pattern creates a cylindrical or pillar-like structure that has identical upper and lower rims. The preparation of pillar[n]arenes is facile, with pillar[5]- through pillar[7]arene being readily accessible and the larger macrocycles (n = 8-14) being accessible in diminishing yields. The rigid pillar[n]arene cavities are highly π-electron-rich on account of the n activated aromatic faces pointing toward their centers, allowing the cavities to interact strongly with a range of π-electron-deficient guests including pyridiniums, alkylammoniums, and imidazoliums. The substitution pattern of pillar[n]arenes bestows chirality onto the macrocycle in the form of n chiral planes. The absolute configuration of the chiral planes in pillar[n]arenes can be either fixed or rapidly undergoing inversion. The future of pillar[n]arenes is going to be dependent on their ability to fulfill specific applications. Chemical modification of the parent pillar[n]arenes lets us create functionalized hosts with anticipated chemical or physical properties. The featured potential applications of pillar[n]arenes to date are far reaching and include novel hosts with relevance to nanotechnology, materials science, and medicine. Pillar[n]arenes have an overwhelming advantage over other hosts since the number of ways available to incorporate handles into their structures are diverse and easy to implement. In this Account, we describe the routes to chemically modified pillar[n]arenes by discussing the chemistry of their functionalization: monofunctionalization, difunctionalization, rim differentiation, perfunctionalization, and phenylene substitution. We assess the synthetic complications of employing these functionalization procedures and survey the potential applications and novel properties that arise with these functionalized pillar[n]arenes. We also highlight the challenges and the synthetic approaches that have yet to be fully explored for the selective chemical modification of these hosts. Finally, we examine a related class of macrocycles and consider their future applications. We trust that this Account will stimulate the development of new methods for functionalizing these novel hosts to realize pillar[n]arene-containing compounds capable of finding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L. Strutt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
| | - Severin T. Schneebeli
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan
Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201-3113, United States
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24
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25
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Li Z, Yang J, Yu G, He J, Abliz Z, Huang F. Water-Soluble Pillar[7]arene: Synthesis, pH-Controlled Complexation with Paraquat, and Application in Constructing Supramolecular Vesicles. Org Lett 2014; 16:2066-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500686r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiuming He
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Zeper Abliz
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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26
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27
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Li Z, Yang J, Yu G, He J, Abliz Z, Huang F. Synthesis of a water-soluble pillar[9]arene and its pH-responsive binding to paraquat. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2841-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49535c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Chi X, Xue M. Chemical-responsive complexation between a pillar[10]arene with mono(ethylene oxide) substituents and a 2,7-diazapyrenium salt. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06671e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pillar[10]arene with twenty mono(ethylene oxide) substituents was synthesized and its chemical-responsive binding to a 2,7-diazapyrenium salt was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chi
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Min Xue
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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29
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Yang J, Chi X, Li Z, Yu G, He J, Abliz Z, Li N, Huang F. A water-soluble pillar[10]arene: synthesis, pH-responsive host–guest complexation, and application in constructing a supra-amphiphile. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00086b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Fan J, Chen Y, Cao D, Yang YW, Jia X, Li C. Host–guest properties of pillar[7]arene towards substituted adamantane ammonium cations. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46505e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Kothur RR, Hall J, Patel BA, Leong CL, Boutelle MG, Cragg PJ. A low pH sensor from an esterified pillar[5]arene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:852-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48637k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An esterified pillar[5]arene, incorporated into a PVC membrane, displays a non-Nernstian response to changes in pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Reddy Kothur
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Brighton
- Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Jessica Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Brighton
- Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
- The Regis School
- Bognor Regis, UK
| | - Bhavik Anil Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Brighton
- Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Chi Leng Leong
- Department of Bioengineering
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | - Peter J. Cragg
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Brighton
- Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
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32
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Zhang H, Zhao Y. Pillararene-Based Assemblies: Design Principle, Preparation and Applications. Chemistry 2013; 19:16862-79. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Sun S, Shi JB, Dong YP, Lin C, Hu XY, Wang LY. A pillar[5]arene-based side-chain pseudorotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes as novel fluorescent sensors for the selective detection of halogen ions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Ke C, Strutt NL, Li H, Hou X, Hartlieb KJ, McGonigal PR, Ma Z, Iehl J, Stern CL, Cheng C, Zhu Z, Vermeulen NA, Meade TJ, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Pillar[5]arene as a Co-Factor in Templating Rotaxane Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17019-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ja407229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Ke
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan L. Strutt
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xisen Hou
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karel J. Hartlieb
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paul R. McGonigal
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhidong Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julien Iehl
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chuyang Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhixue Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicolaas A. Vermeulen
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Youssry Y. Botros
- Intel
Laboratories, Building
RNB-6-61, 2200 Mission College Boulevard., Santa Clara, California 95054-1549, United States
- National Center for Nano Technology Research, King Abdulaziz
City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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35
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Ogoshi T, Yamagishi TA. Pillararenes: Versatile Synthetic Receptors for Supramolecular Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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36
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37
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Hu XB, Chen Z, Chen L, Zhang L, Hou JL, Li ZT. Pillar[n]arenes (n = 8-10) with two cavities: synthesis, structures and complexing properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:10999-1001. [PMID: 23038422 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Three pillar[n]arenes (n = 8-10) were synthesized. X-ray analysis demonstrated that, different from early reported small pillar[n]arenes (n = 5, 6), these larger macrocycles gave rise to two cavities. (1)H NMR and MS experiments revealed that pillar[9]arene complexed one n-octyltrimethyl ammonium in chloroform, while pillar[10]arene could complex two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Hu
- Department of chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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38
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Ogoshi T, Yamagishi TA. New Synthetic Host Pillararenes: Their Synthesis and Application to Supramolecular Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ogoshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
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39
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Chen Y, He M, Li B, Wang L, Meier H, Cao D. A monophosphoryl copillar[5]arene: synthesis and host–guest complexation with alkanols. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43744b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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