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Xu Q, Hoye TR. A Cascade of Strain-Driven Events Converting Benzynes to Alkynylbenzocyclobutenes to 1,3-Dien-5-ynes to Cyclic Allenes to Benzocyclohexadienones. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6438-6443. [PMID: 38437506 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a strain-promoted cascade reaction that proceeds via multiple strained intermediates, ultimately driven by the high potential energy inherent in alkyne triple bonds (C≡C). More specifically, four alkynes (three from an HDDA benzyne precursor and the fourth from a conjugated enyne reaction partner) are transformed into eight of the skeletal carbons in the benzocyclohexadienone products. The reaction pathway proceeds sequentially via strained benzyne, benzocyclobutene, and cyclic allene intermediates. DFT computations suggest that the slowest step following benzyne generation is the 4π-electrocyclic ring-opening of the alkynylbenzocyclobutene to a 1,3-dien-5-yne (an alkynylxylylene) intermediate. The activation energy for the subsequent 6π-electrocyclic ring-closure is lower than that for related acyclic dienynes because of the aromaticity that is being regained in the transition structure. Finally, the isolation of the benzocyclohexadienone products rather than their phenolic tautomers is notable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Sneddon DS, Hoye TR. The contrasting reactivity of trans- vs. cis-azobenzenes (ArN[double bond, length as m-dash]NAr) with benzynes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6730-6737. [PMID: 37350825 PMCID: PMC10284128 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02253f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here a study that has revealed two distinct modes of reactivity of azobenzene derivatives (ArN[double bond, length as m-dash]NAr) with benzynes, depending on whether the aryne reacts with a trans- or a cis-azobenzene geometric isomer. Under thermal conditions, trans-azobenzenes engage benzyne via an initial [2 + 2] trapping event, a process analogous to known reactions of benzynes with diarylimines (ArC[double bond, length as m-dash]NAr). This is followed by an electrocyclic ring opening/closing sequence to furnish dihydrophenazine derivatives, subjects of contemporary interest in other fields (e.g., electronic and photonic materials). In contrast, when the benzyne is attacked by a cis-azobenzene, formation of aminocarbazole derivatives occurs via an alternative, net (3 + 2) pathway. We have explored these complementary orthogonal processes both experimentally and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian S Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Thomas R Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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3
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Wang J, Xie C, Cheng X, Liu Y, Zhang J. Synthesis of 3‐Methyleneisoindolin‐1‐ones and Isoquinolinium Salts via
Exo
and
Endo
Selective Cyclization of 2‐(1‐Alkynyl)benzaldimines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103306. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Congyun Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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4
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Lanzi M, Ali Abdine RA, De Abreu M, Wencel-Delord J. Cyclic Diaryl λ 3-Bromanes: A Rapid Access to Molecular Complexity via Cycloaddition Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:9047-9052. [PMID: 34806390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biaryls have widespread applications in organic synthesis. However, sequentially polysubstituted biaryls are underdeveloped due to their challenging preparation. Herein, we report the synthesis of dissymetric 2,3,2',3',4-substituted biaryls via pericyclic reactions of cyclic diaryl λ3-bromanes. The functional groups tolerance and atom economy allow access to molecular complexity in a single reaction step. Continuous flow protocol has been designed for the scale-up of the reaction, while postfunctionalizations have been developed taking advantage of the residual Br-atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lanzi
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Racha Abed Ali Abdine
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime De Abreu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | | | - Yellaiah Tangella
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
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6
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Synthesis of π-extended dibenzo[d,k]ullazines by a palladium-catalyzed double annulation using arynes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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8
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Zhou TP, Zhong F, Wu Y, Liao RZ. Regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition catalyzed by chiral thioxanthone: a quantum chemical study. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1532-1540. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02330b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral photosensitizer-catalyzed stereoselective olefin cyclization has shown its significance in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage
- Ministry of Education
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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9
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Zhang L, Liu L, Huang T, Dong Q, Chen T. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclobutanation of Aryl Sulfonates through both C–O and C–H Cleavage. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianzeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qizhi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, People’s Republic of China
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Kubo T, Fujita T, Ichikawa J. Nickel-catalyzed [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Styrenes with Arynes via 1:1 Cross-coupling: Synthesis of 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrenes. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Kubo
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujita
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Junji Ichikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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Pozo I, Majzik Z, Pavliček N, Melle-Franco M, Guitián E, Peña D, Gross L, Pérez D. Revisiting Kekulene: Synthesis and Single-Molecule Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15488-15493. [PMID: 31525873 PMCID: PMC6786662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Four decades after the first (and only) reported synthesis of kekulene, this emblematic cycloarene has been obtained again through an improved route involving the construction of a key synthetic intermediate, 5,6,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[m]tetraphene, by means of a double Diels-Alder reaction between styrene and a versatile benzodiyne synthon. Ultra-high-resolution AFM imaging of single molecules of kekulene and computational calculations provide additional support for a molecular structure with a significant degree of bond localization in accordance with the resonance structure predicted by the Clar model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago Pozo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Zsolt Majzik
- IBM Research-Zürich , 8803 Rüschlikon , Switzerland
| | | | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research-Zürich , 8803 Rüschlikon , Switzerland
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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12
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Kumar S, Kumar Pandey A, Singh R, Nand Singh K. Decarboxylative Arylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Using Aryl Triazenes by Copper/Ionic Liquid Combination in PEG-400. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; 221005 Varanasi India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; 221005 Varanasi India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; 221005 Varanasi India
| | - Krishna Nand Singh
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study); Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu University; 221005 Varanasi India
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13
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Ke XN, Schienebeck CM, Zhou CC, Xu X, Tang W. Mechanism and Reactivity of Rh-Catalyzed Intermolecular [5+1] Cycloaddition of 3-Acyloxy-1,4-Enyne (ACE) and CO: A Computational Study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016; 26:730-734. [PMID: 27152064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The first theoretical study on the mechanism of [RhCl(CO)2]2-catalyzed [5 + 1] cycloadditions of 3-acyloxy-1,4-enyne (ACE) and CO has been performed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The effect of ester on reactivity of this reaction has been investigated. The computational results have revealed that the preferred catalytic cycle involves the sequential steps of 1,2-acyloxy migration, CO insertion, reductive elimination to form ketene intermediate, 6π-electroncyclization, and aromatization to afford the resorcinol product. The 1,2-acyloxy migration is found to be the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle. The electron-rich p-dimethylaminobenzoate substrate promotes 1,2-acyloxy migration and significantly increases the reactivity by stabilizing the positive charge building up in the oxocyclic transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Ke
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Casi M Schienebeck
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705-2222
| | - Chen-Chen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705-2222
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14
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Bezenšek J, Grošelj U, Počkaj M, Svete J, Stanovnik B. Formation of benzocyclobutenes from substituted oxocycloocta-2,8-diene-1,2-dicarboxylates. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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