Lineal DNA logic gate for microRNA diagnostics with strand displacement and fluorescence resonance energy transfer

"Plug and Play" logic gate construction based on chemically triggered fluorescence switching of gold nanoparticles conjugated with Cy3-tagged aptamer

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with Cy3-tagged aptamer which can specifically recognize chloramphenicol (CAP) (referred to as AuNPs-AptCAP) are described. CAP can trigger the configuration change of CAP binding aptamer, and thus switching the fluorescence of AuNPs-AptCAP through changing the efficiency of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system with Cy3 as donors and AuNPs as recipients. AuNPs-AptCAP exhibits a linear range of CAP concentrations from 26.0 to 277 μg L^-1 with a limit of detection of 8.1 μg L^-1 when Cy3 was excited at 530 nm and emission was measured at 570 nm. More importantly, AuNPs-AptCAP can be utilized as signal transducers for the build-up of a series of logic gates including YES, PASS 0, INH, NOT, PASS 1, and NAND. Utilizing the principle of a metal ion-mediated fluorescence switch together with a strong metal ion chelator, the fluorescence of AuNPs-AptCAP could be modulated by adding metal ions and EDTA sequentially. Therefore, a "Plug and Play" logic system based on AuNPs-AptCAP has been realized by simply adding other components to create new logic functions. This work highlights the advantages of simple synthesis and facile fluorescence switching properties, which will provide useful knowledge for the establishment of molecular logic systems. Graphical abstract.

Short-probe-based duplex-specific nuclease signal amplification strategy enables imaging of endogenous microRNAs in living cells with ultrahigh specificity

Specific nucleic acids amplification at a constant and mild temperature is important for imaging assay of endogenous microRNAs (miRNAs) in living cells. Duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) is attractive in one-step isothermal assay of miRNA; however, its intrinsic limitations of low amplification specificity and high reaction temperature greatly restrict the application scope. Herein, we present a short-probe-based DSN signal amplification (spDSNSA) strategy enabling analysis of miRNAs at body temperature with significantly high specificity. From systematic investigation of amplification reaction on different types of DNA probes, we revealed that the annealing rate between probe and target miRNA greatly affects the dynamics of amplification process. By simply shortening the length of DNA probe, the spDSNSA remarkably improved specificity without loss of amplification efficiency at 37 °C. As a proof-of-concept, let-7a was sensitively detected by spDSNSA with a limit of detection down to 30 p.M., and a specificity 10² ‒ 10⁴ folds higher than those of traditional DSNSA methods. The analysis of the let-7a in the lysates of A549 human lung cancer cells and BEAS-2B human lung normal bronchial epithelial cells exhibited well agreement with rt-qPCR method. Furthermore, the endogenous let-7a in A549 and BEAS-2B living cells was clearly imaged without damaging the original morphology of cells. The method provide a facile idea for extension of DNS related signal amplification strategies in the application in living cells and POCTs, and would pose a great impact on the development of simple and rapid molecular diagnostic applications for short oligonucleotides.

Imaging of intracellular-specific microRNA in tumor cells by symmetric exponential amplification-assisted fluorescence in situ hybridization

A symmetric exponential amplification-assisted fluorescence in situ hybridization (SEXPAR-FISH) strategy was reported for imaging intracellular-specific microRNAs.