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Lee SH, Valverde Paredes MS, Forster PM, Lee DC. Side group dependent room temperature crystallization-induced phosphorescence of benzil based all organic phosphors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6285-6291. [PMID: 38375013 PMCID: PMC10875412 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report alkoxy substituted benzil based all organic room temperature phosphors which showed crystallization induced phosphorescence (CIP). Nine title compounds were prepared with various alkyl lengths (OCnH2n+1: n = 8-16) and the effect of alkyl side group length on the phosphorescence performance was investigated, as compared to p-anisil. It was found that both phosphorescence quantum yield and lifetime increased concomitantly as the alkyl length increased up to nonyloxy (BZL-OC9). Further increase in the carbon number caused the phosphorescence performance to deteriorate due to greater conformational freedom of the side groups. An incredible quantum yield of 70% was achieved for BZL-OC9. A promising finding is that the increased quantum yield was accompanied by the increase in the lifetime relative to p-anisil, which has been historically challenging. Single crystallography coupled with UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that a higher level of intermolecular π-π interactions was observed from p-anisil while more alkyl interactions with less intermolecular π-orbital overlap were found for BZL-OC8. As a result, molecular rigidification with less phosphorescence quenching was achieved for BZL-OC8 leading to enhanced performance. A precipitation study on a dichloromethane solution as a function of the content of MeOH (poor solvent) proved that the emission of the BZL-OCn system is truly aggregation-induced. The current work demonstrates that strategic side group engineering could be a promising approach to developing high-performance all organic phosphors as well as improving the properties of existing phosphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Hui Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box454003 Las Vegas Nevada 89154-4003 USA
| | - Marco S Valverde Paredes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box454003 Las Vegas Nevada 89154-4003 USA
| | - Paul M Forster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box454003 Las Vegas Nevada 89154-4003 USA
| | - Dong-Chan Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Box454003 Las Vegas Nevada 89154-4003 USA
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Duan Y, Liu Y, Han H, Zhang X, Zhang M, Liao Y, Han T. A donor-π-acceptor aggregation-induced emission compound serving as a portable fluorescent sensor for detection and differentiation of methanol and ethanol in the gas phase. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119515. [PMID: 33578122 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design strategy of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophores with donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) conjugation structure has greatly contributed to the development of luminescent materials and devices, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors. In this work, a D-π-A fluorophore DEBAB was synthesized, showing both AIE and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) properties as confirmed by spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, there is notable emission-enhancement when DEBAB is exposed to small-molecule alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol. Based on this phenomenon, a portable film sensor was fabricated, capable of detecting methanol and ethanol in gas phase, with detection limit (DL) as low as 8.02 ppm. Our systematic investigation suggests that hydrogen-bonding may be formed between DEBAB and alcohols, intensifying the AIE efficacy while influencing the ICT process. This working mechanism is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations including electrostatic potential mapping and molecular total energy. In addition, a sensor array was fabricated on a cellulose paper strip, showing different levels of emission changing in response to alcohols. Thus the detection and differentiation of methanol and ethanol are enabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radiation Advanced Materials, Beijing Research Center for Radiation Application, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hongliang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xunxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tianyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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3
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Chen P, Yin Y, Ni Y, Zhu H, Huang J, Yang J, Yang J, Kong L. Molecular engineering of carbazole–acrylonitrile fluorophores: substituent-dependent optical properties and mechanochromism. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the fluorescence properties of organic molecules in the aggregation state and understanding the structure–activity relationship are important for developing excellent luminophors with tunable solid emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanye Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Yingyong Ni
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Huichao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Jianyan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601
- P. R. China
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Hu J, Han T, Liu Y, Zhang X, Duan Y, Li Z, Han T. Strategy for optical data encryption and decryption using a D-A type stimuli-responsive AIE material. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 239:118486. [PMID: 32450534 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a new donor-acceptor (D-A) type stimuli-responsive material, (E)-4-(((9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)methylene)amino)benzoic acid (C1), which possesses both aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) natures. It glows green photoluminescence which changes into yellow color in response to mechanical stimuli, and fumigation in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can switch the emission back to the initial state with high reversibility. In addition, the C1 film glows yellow-orange light, but turns into blue emission under continuous fumigation in ethyl acetate vapor. However the vapochromism behaves different when the C1 film is smeared: The emission of the smeared film is similar to the unsmeared but changes into cyan color after fumigation. The differences in vapochromism between smeared and unsmeared film can be easily distinguished by naked eyes. As revealed by SEM, the as-prepared film undergoes a morphology change from ill-shaped particles to microspheres in response to organic vapor, while the smeared film with scratched surface changes into dendritic patterns. According to the morphology study, the vapochromic luminescence can be ascribed to the physical adsorption of ethyl acetate vapor and the resulting change in the ICT process. In light of the unique vapochromism of C1, a new encryption-decryption technique for data recording was developed. Information can be recorded on the C1 film by mechanical writing and simultaneously concealed. It can be only accessed via fumigation in organic vapor, demonstrating a reliable steganography technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangting Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tiandong Han
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Radiation Advanced Materials, Beijing Research Center for Radiation Application, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xunxue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tianyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.
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5
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Zhang T, Han Y, Huo J, Xue P. Effect of electron-withdrawing moieties on mechanochromism of phenothiazine derivatives. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two phenothiazine derivatives with electron-withdrawing cyano and ester groups emitted longer wavelength fluorescence and exhibited different mechanochromic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yanning Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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6
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Wang S, Li L, Li K, Zhang T, Zhao Z, Xue P. Mechanochromism of a dumbbell D–π–A–π–D phenothiazine derivative. NEW J CHEM 2019; 43:12957-12962. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
A dumbbell D–π–A–π–D phenothiazine derivative changes its fluorescence color from orange to red under force stimuli due to π-stacking conversion between H- and J-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Wang
- Department of Translational Medicine
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Lingbo Li
- Department of Research and Development
- Changchun Bioxun Biotechnology Limited Company
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Kechang Li
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MEO Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Translational Medicine
- The First Hospital of Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- Department of Blood Transfusion
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules
- MEO Key Laboratory of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Tianjin Normal University
- Tianjin
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Xue T, Zhao D, Hao T, Li X, Wang T, Nie J. Synthesis, one/two-photon optical and electrochemical properties and the photopolymerization-sensitizing effect of anthracene-based dyes: influence of the donor groups. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj06520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthracene-based dyes with different donor groups: optical and electrochemical properties and their application in dye-sensitized photopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanlong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Di Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Tingting Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- College of Science
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
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9
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Chen W, Tian Z, Li Y, Jiang Y, Liu M, Duan P. Long-Persistent Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence from Chiral Organic Ionic Crystals. Chemistry 2018; 24:17444-17448. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 2 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiJie Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Zimin Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an University of Science and Technology; No. 58, Yanta Road 710054 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yuangang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi'an University of Science and Technology; No. 58, Yanta Road 710054 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; No. 2 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiJie Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience; CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST); No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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10
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High performance organic transistors and phototransistors based on diketopyrrolopyrrole-quaterthiophene copolymer thin films fabricated via low-concentration solution processing. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Luo W, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Yuan W. Crystallization-induced phosphorescence, remarkable mechanochromism, and grinding enhanced emission of benzophenone-aromatic amine conjugates. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Divya TT, Ramshad K, Saheer VC, Chakkumkumarath L. Self-reversible mechanochromism and aggregation induced emission in neutral triarylmethanes and their application in water sensing. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04479a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutral triarylmethanes exhibit intramolecular exciplex formation, self-reversible mechanochromism, and aggregation induced/viscosity-dependent emission and sense water in organic solvents.
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Shi L, Li K, Cui PC, Li LL, Pan SL, Li MY, Yu XQ. BINOL derivatives with aggression-induced emission. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4413-4416. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00774h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new series of BINOL derivatives were synthesized which could be turned from ACQ to AIE fluorophores by changing the electron withdrawing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Peng-Cheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Ling-Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Sheng-Lin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Meng-Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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