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Zanakhov TO, Galenko EE, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. Divergent Diazo Approach toward Alkyl 5/4-Hydroxy-3 H-benzo[ e]indole-4/5-carboxylates. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13191-13204. [PMID: 37672038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
A divergent diazo approach toward alkyl 5/4-hydroxy-3H-benzo[e]indole-4/5-carboxylates has been developed. The reaction of 1,3-diketones with alkyl 2-diazo-3-oxo-3-(2H-azirin-2-yl)propanoates catalyzed by Co(acac)3 or Ni(acac)2 gives various alkyl 3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2-diazo-3-oxopropanoate in good yields. The latter undergo Wolff rearrangement followed by the 6π-cyclization of transient ketene to form alkyl 5-hydroxy-3H-benzo[e]indole-4-carboxylates bearing various substituents in positions 1, 2, 7, and 8, as well as derivatives of methyl 4-hydroxy-6H-thieno[2,3-e]indole-5-carboxylates and methyl 5-hydroxy-7H-benzo[c]carbazole-6-carboxylate under thermolysis or Rh2(OAc)4 catalysis. Isomeric benzoindoles, alkyl 4-hydroxy-3H-benzo[e]indole-5-carboxylates, have been prepared by Boc-protection of the pyrrole nitrogen of alkyl 3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-2-diazo-3-oxopropanoates followed by an intramolecular formal carbene insertion into the aromatic C-H bond catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2. The hydroxyl group of alkyl 5/4-hydroxy-3H-benzo[e]indole-4/5-carboxylates, through the formation of the corresponding triflates, allows the introduction of various substituents into the 5/4 position of benzo[e]indoles using the cross-coupling reaction and even form a new heterocyclic backbone, benzo[k]pyrrolo[2,3-i]phenanthridine, via a tandem Suzuki reaction/nucleophilic acyl substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Zanakhov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Galenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Hong Y, Zhu YY, He Q, Gu SX. Indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors for the development of promising anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 55:116597. [PMID: 34995858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The α- and β-tubulins are the major polypeptide components of microtubules (MTs), which are attractive targets for anticancer drug development. Indole derivatives display a variety of biological activities including antitumor activity. In recent years, a great number of indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors have sprung up, which encourages medicinal chemists to pursue promising inhibitors with improved antitumor activities, excellent physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. In this review, the recent progress from 2010 to present in the development of indole derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors was summarized and reviewed, which would provide useful clues and inspirations for further design of outstanding tubulin polymerization inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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Xie F, Sun Y, Song H, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Duan Y, Chen R. Cascade Reaction of 2-Naphthols and Azirines: One-Pot Synthesis of C-3 Naphthol-Substituted Benzo[ e]indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15631-15639. [PMID: 34643381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed annulation of 3-aryl-2H-azirines with 2-naphthols has been developed for the rapid assembly of C-3-naphthol-substituted benzo[e]indoles in one pot. This cascade reaction was realized through dearomatic nucleophilic ring opening of azirine, intramolecular cyclization, and oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling to furnish the important unreported π-expanded naphthol/benzo[e]indole biaryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yajun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Hanghang Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Zengpeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yue Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Rao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
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Zhao Z, Tian Q, Chen Y, Wen S, Zhang Y, Cheng G. Base-Promoted Stereoselective Hydrogenation of Ynamides with Sulfonyl Hydrazide to Give Z-Enamides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10407-10413. [PMID: 34314182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A base-mediated semihydrogenation of ynamides using p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide as an inexpensive and easy-to-handle hydrogen donor is reported. This transition-metal-free protocol avoids overhydrogenation and reduction of other functional groups, generating the thermodynamically unfavorable Z-enamides exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Zhao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, the Instrumental Analysis Center, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qingyu Tian
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, the Instrumental Analysis Center, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, the Instrumental Analysis Center, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Si Wen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, the Instrumental Analysis Center, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, the Instrumental Analysis Center, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Guolin Cheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, the Instrumental Analysis Center, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
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Hu YC, Zhao Y, Wan B, Chen QA. Reactivity of ynamides in catalytic intermolecular annulations. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2582-2625. [PMID: 33367365 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00283f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ynamides are unique alkynes with a carbon-carbon triple bond directly attached to the nitrogen atom bearing an electron-withdrawing group. The alkyne is strongly polarized by the electron-donating nitrogen atom, but its high reactivity can be finely tempered by the electron-withdrawing group. Accordingly, ynamides are endowed with both nucleophilic and electrophilic properties and their chemistry has been an active research field. The catalytic intermolecular annulations of ynamides, featuring divergent assembly of structurally important amino-heterocycles in a regioselective manner, have gained much attention over the past decade. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the advances achieved in this area involving transition metal and acid catalysis. Moreover, the intermolecular annulations of ynamide analogs including ynol ethers and thioalkynes are also discussed, which can provide insights into the reactivity difference caused by the heteroatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yingying Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China.
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Zhang YX, Chen LY, Sun JT, Si CM, Wei BG. Gold-Catalyzed Addition–N-Boc Cleavage–Cyclization of N,O-Acetal with Ynamides for Construction of 6-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]oxazin-1-ones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12603-12613. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xue Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling-Yan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Ting Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang-Mei Si
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Yin X, Xu A, Hu J, Bao M, Hu W, Qian Y. A Rh( ii)/phosphoric acid co-catalyzed three-component reaction of diazo-ketones with alcohols and azonaphthalenes: access to indole derivatives via a formal [3 + 2]-cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9805-9809. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Rh(ii)/Phosphoric Acid co-catalyzed muti-component annulation was well established as a new efficient route to construct 1-amino-indole derivatives via dearomatization/rearomatization/cyclization process with in situ formed oxonium ylide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jidi Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Ming Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Yu Qian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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