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Wang X, Hao L, Du R, Wang H, Dong J, Zhang Y. Synthesis of unique three-dimensional CoMn 2O 4@Ni(OH) 2 nanocages via Kirkendall effect for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:730-740. [PMID: 37742432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides / hydroxides, which have the advantages of wide distribution, low price, low toxicity, and stable chemical properties, have attracted much attention from researchers. Therefore, this work reports the construction of the unique CoMn2O4 nanocages assisted by the Kirkendall effect, and worm-like Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles were grown on the surface via hydrothermal method, the final product CoMn2O4@Ni(OH)2 nanocages were applied to construct efficient and sensitive non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensing. The stable three-dimensional hollow CoMn2O4 nanocages structure, not only can provide a wider specific surface area and more abundant active sites, its porous structure also can effectively inhibit the aggregation of nanoparticles, increase the ion diffusion path, shorten the electron transport distance, and improve the electrical conductivity. Loading Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles on the CoMn2O4 nanocages can increase catalytic sites, and further strengthen the electrocatalytic performance. Due to the good synergistic effect between CoMn2O4 and Ni(OH)2, CoMn2O4@Ni(OH)2 nanocages electrochemical sensor can achieve sensitive and rapid detection of trace glucose, with excellent linear range (8.5-1830.5 μM), low limit of detection (0.264 μM), high sensitivity of 0.00646 μA mM-1 cm-2, and outstanding repeatability. More importantly, the sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of blood glucose in human serum with good recoveries (95.64-104.3 %). This work provides a novel scheme for blood glucose detection and expands the application of transition metal oxides / hydroxides in the field of electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, 071002 Baoding, PR China
| | - Lin Hao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, PR China
| | - Ruixuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, 071002 Baoding, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, 071002 Baoding, PR China.
| | - Jiangxue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, 071002 Baoding, PR China.
| | - Yufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, 071002 Baoding, PR China.
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Ma Y, Leng Y, Huo D, Zhao D, Zheng J, Zhao P, Yang H, Li F, Hou C. A portable sensor for glucose detection in Huangshui based on blossom-shaped bimetallic organic framework loaded with silver nanoparticles combined with machine learning. Food Chem 2023; 429:136850. [PMID: 37454613 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a blossom-like Ni, Co bimetallic metal-organic framework (NiCo-MOF) synthesized hydrothermally and decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via chemical reduction for electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensing. The NiCo-MOF nanostructures had large specific surface area and good sensing performance. The AgNPs enhanced the electrochemical performance of the MOF, resulting in excellent electrochemical activity. The sensor exhibited sensitivities of 1191.84 and 271.19 μA mM-1 cm-2 in the linear ranges of 0.005-1.125 and 1.525-5.325 mM, respectively, with a detection limit of 2.3 μM. The sensor was successfully applied for glucose determination in Huangshui (HS) using an artificial neural network as machine learning (ML) model. The R2 value near 1, low RMSE, and high RPD values of the proposed ML model demonstrate its excellent fitting and prediction performance. This will provide a fast and portable intelligent sensing analysis technology for the detection of glucose in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- College of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yibin, China.
| | - Yinjiang Leng
- College of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yibin, China
| | - Danqun Huo
- Chongqing Univ, Bioengn Coll, State & Local Joint Engn Lab Vasc Implants, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biorheol Sci & Technol, Chongqing, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Chongqing Univ, Bioengn Coll, State & Local Joint Engn Lab Vasc Implants, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biorheol Sci & Technol, Chongqing, China
| | - Huisi Yang
- Chongqing Univ, Bioengn Coll, State & Local Joint Engn Lab Vasc Implants, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biorheol Sci & Technol, Chongqing, China
| | - Feifeng Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yibin, China
| | - Changjun Hou
- College of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 188 University Town, Yibin, China; Chongqing Univ, Bioengn Coll, State & Local Joint Engn Lab Vasc Implants, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biorheol Sci & Technol, Chongqing, China.
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Cao X, Xia J, Wang Z. A flexible and wearable three-electrode electrochemical sensing system consisting of a two-in-one enzyme-mimic working electrode. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341688. [PMID: 37709441 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a wearable and flexible three-electrode electrochemical sensing system (TESS) by using a two-in-one enzyme-mimic working electrode (TIOWE) is reported. The integrated three-electrode, including working electrodes, reference electrodes, and counter electrodes are formed by transfer printing of Ni2P-based composite electrode ink (Ni2P/G ink), Ag/AgCl ink, and carbon ink onto PDMS substrate, respectively. The Ni2P/G ink-based working electrodes have both good conductivity and enzyme-mimic catalytic activity towards glucose. Under optimized conditions, the TIOWE-TESS has a low detection limit of 0.37 μM and wide linear ranges of 0.001 mM-0.1 mM and 0.1 mM-1.4 mM. Furthermore, the TIOWE-TESS has good applicability in serum samples and reveals remarkable electrochemical performance at fluctuant working temperatures. The proposed TIOWE-TESS can be integrated on a waterproof bandage to fabricate a skin-friendly patch device for sweet glucose monitoring, which highlights its potential applications in flexible and wearable commercial devices for health-monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yali Liu
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xiyue Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Jianfei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
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Chai X, Jiang K, Wang J, Ren Z, Liu X, Chen L, Zhuang X, Wang T. Efficient Catalytic Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid over Ruthenium Cluster-Embedded Ni(OH) 2 Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200863. [PMID: 35716074 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be oxidized to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) for the production of biorenewable plastics to replace fossil resourced polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Development of a highly efficient electrocatalyst using renewable electricity as energy input is highly desired. In this work, Ru cluster-embedded Ni(OH)2 nanosheets [Ru/Ni(OH)2 ] were synthesized and exploited as electrochemical catalysts for the conversion of HMF to FDCA. Ru/Ni(OH)2 exhibited significantly improved current density (40 mA cm-2 at 1.41 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) of over 7.7 times in comparison with Ni(OH)2 , and nearly 100 % conversion degree for HMF and 98.5 % selectivity towards FDCA were obtained. Operando Raman experiments revealed the catalysis was facilitated by the interconversion between Ni3+ and Ni2+ . Density functional theory calculations further revealed the effect of Ru clusters of Ni(OH)2 , thereby promoting HMF adsorption capacity on Ni sites to boost HMF oxidation activity. This work provides a novel strategy using Ru clusters to modify earth abundant Ni based catalyst for HMF oxidation to obtain high-value biomass-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Kaiyue Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhouhong Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianfu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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A controllable preparation of two-dimensional cobalt oxalate-based nanostructured sheets for electrochemical energy storage. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Transformation of oxytetracycline on MnO2@polyelectrolyte layers modified anode and toxicity assessment of its electrochemical oxidation intermediates. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Alfaifi SYM, Hussain MM, Asiri AM, Rahman. MM. Glassy Carbon Electrodes Decorated with HgO/CNT Nanocomposite and Modified with a Conducting Polymer Matrix for Enzyme‐Free Ascorbic Acid Detection. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Y. M. Alfaifi
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Musarraf Hussain
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences Jagannath University Dhaka 1100 Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Rahman.
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589, P.O. Box 80203 Saudi Arabia
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Liu H, He Y, Mu J, Cao K. Structure engineering of silicon nanoparticles with dual signals for hydrogen peroxide detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120421. [PMID: 34624814 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) were synthesized by a one-step, simple, and green method with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and ascorbic acid (AA) as reaction agents. Subsequently, the SiNPs and AgNPs nanocomplex (SiNPs@AgNPs) was constructed as the probe for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. The fluorescence of SiNPs was quenched due to the surface plasmonic-enhanced energy transfer between SiNPs and AgNPs. Meanwhile, the color tends to be yellow due to the existence of AgNPs. As the AgNPs were etched by H2O2, the fluorescence recovers and color fadings. Based on the well-designed structure, the "off-on" fluorescence sensing and "on-off" color sensing platforms for H2O2 were fabricated. The as-synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fluorescence and UV-vis absorption spectra were used to evaluate the optical performance. The fabricated sensor exhibited a linear range of 1.0-100.0 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.36 μM for the fluorescence sensing of H2O2. Additionally, a linear range of 1.0-50.0 μM and a limit of detection of 0.45 μM were displayed for the detection of H2O2 by colorimetric assay. The feasibility in complex medium of the fabricated fluorescent and colorimetric dual-signal sensor was evaluated by the detection of H2O2 in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and lake water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Yanan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Jiping Mu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Kangzhe Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials for Bioanalysis, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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Habibi MM, Mousavi M, Shadman Z, Ghasemi JB. Preparation of a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor based on g-C3N4/MWO4 (M: Cu, Mn, Co, Ni) composite for the determination of H2O2. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a significant effect on physiological proceedings. In the present research, a g-C3N4-based nanocomposite g-C3N4/MWO4(M: Cu, Mn, Co, Ni) was prepared via the precipitation-calcination method. A...
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Durai L, Gopalakrishnan A, Badhulika S. A low-cost and facile electrochemical sensor for the trace-level recognition of flutamide in biofluids using large-area bimetallic NiCo 2O 4 micro flowers. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nickel–cobalt-based bimetallic oxide compound (NiCo2O4) as a highly sensitive and selective platform for the detection of flutamide in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lignesh Durai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India
| | - Arthi Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India
| | - Sushmee Badhulika
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India
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Zhang M, Yang B, Yang T, Yang Y, Xiang Z. A ferric citrate derived Fe-N-C electrocatalyst with stepwise pyrolysis for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Zheng S, Ru Y, Xue H, Pang H. Fluorinated pillared-layer metal-organic framework microrods for improved electrochemical cycling stability. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhou H, Yang H, Yao S, Jiang L, Sun N, Pang H. Synthesis of 3D printing materials and their electrochemical applications. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lin FY, Lee PY, Chu TF, Peng CI, Wang GJ. Neutral Nonenzymatic Glucose Biosensors Based on Electrochemically Deposited Pt/Au Nanoalloy Electrodes. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5551-5563. [PMID: 34429599 PMCID: PMC8379712 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type I diabetes occurs when the pancreas can only make limited or minimal insulin. Patients with type 1 diabetes need effective approaches to manage diabetes and maintain their blood-glucose concentration. Recently, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been used to help control blood-glucose levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes may also benefit from CGM on multiple insulin injections, basal insulin, or sulfonylureas. Enzyme-free glucose detection in a neutral environment is the recent development trend of CGM. Materials and Methods Pt/Au alloy electrodes for enzyme-free glucose detection in a neutral environment were formed by electrochemically depositing Pt/Au alloy on a thin polycarbonate (PC) membrane surface with a uniformly distributed micro-hemisphere array. The PC membranes were fabricated using semiconductor microelectromechanical manufacturing processes, precision micro-molding, and hot embossing. Amperometry was used to measure the glucose concentration in PBS (pH 7.4) and artificial human serum. Results The Pt/Au nanoalloy electrode had excellent specificity for glucose detection, according to the experimental results. The device had a sensitivity of 2.82 μA mM−1 cm−2, a linear range of 1.39–13.9 mM, and a detection limit of 0.482 mM. Even though the complex interfering species in human blood can degrade the sensing signal, further experiments conducted in artificial serum confirmed the feasibility of the proposed Pt/Au nanoalloy electrode in clinical applications. Conclusion The proposed Pt/Au nanoalloy electrode can catalyze glucose reactions in neutral solutions with enhancing sensing performance by the synergistic effect of bimetallic materials and increasing detection surface area. This novel glucose biosensor has advantages, such as technology foresight, good detection performance, and high mass production feasibility. Thus, the proposed neutral nonenzymatic glucose sensor can be further used in CGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, 50008, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fu Chu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chang-I Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Gou-Jen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.,Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
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