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Wu X, Liu Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Liang Z, Zhou G. Toward Circular Energy: Exploring Direct Regeneration for Lithium-Ion Battery Sustainability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403818. [PMID: 38794816 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are rapidly developing into attractive energy storage technologies. As LIBs gradually enter retirement, their sustainability is starting to come into focus. The utilization of recycled spent LIBs as raw materials for battery manufacturing is imperative for resource and environmental sustainability. The sustainability of spent LIBs depends on the recycling process, whereby the cycling of battery materials must be maximized while minimizing waste emissions and energy consumption. Although LIB recycling technologies (hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy) have been commercialized on a large scale, they have unavoidable limitations. They are incompatible with circular economy principles because they require toxic chemicals, emit hazardous substances, and consume large amounts of energy. The direct regeneration of degraded electrode materials from spent LIBs is a viable alternative to traditional recycling technologies and is a nondestructive repair technology. Furthermore, direct regeneration offers advantages such as maximization of the value of recycled electrode materials, use of sustainable, nontoxic reagents, high potential profitability, and significant application potential. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the state-of-the-art direct LIB regeneration technologies that can be extended to large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International, Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International, Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yihong Tan
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International, Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Shi C, Zuo X, Yan B. Selective recovery of nickel from stainless steel pickling sludge with NH 3-(NH 4) 2CO 3 leaching system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3249-3262. [PMID: 35319346 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2056085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of valuable metals from stainless steel pickling sludge(SSPS) has great economic and environmental benefits. In this study, a new method is proposed for selective recovery of nickel from SSPS by NH3-(NH4)2CO3 ammonia leaching system. The Eh-pH diagram was used to analyze Ni, Fe, Cr leaching behavior during the ammonia leaching process. Nickel can be leached as the complex [Ni(NH3)n]2+, whereas Fe and Cr remain as precipitates in the leaching slag. The effects of NH3·H2O concentration, liquid-solid ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the leaching efficiency of nickel in the ammonia leaching system were analyzed and optimized by single-factor study and response surface analysis, and the kinetics were analyzed. The optimal conditions for Ni leaching were found to be 28.28 min, 54.07 °C, a liquid-solid ratio of 23.7:1, and NH3·H2O concentration of 5.10 mol/L. Each factor had a greater effect on the rate of Ni leaching in the following order: liquid-solid ratio > NH3·H2O concentration > leaching time > leaching temperature. The ammonia leaching recovery system was controlled by chemical reaction and the activation energy was 58.17 KJ/mol. The results of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersion spectrum (SEM-EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show that the leaching slag was in granular form with agglomerated particles and particle size of approximately 2.8 μm The major components of the leaching slag were Fe(OH)3, Fe2O3, Fe(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, and Cr2O3. Therefore, this study provides a new and effective way of using the resources of SSPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Shi
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmeng Zuo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Zhang C, Zhang X, Ma E. A mechanochemical method for one-step leaching of metals from spent LIBs. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 161:245-253. [PMID: 36905812 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A one-step system based on mechanochemical activation and the use of grape skins (GS) was proposed to recover metals from lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) cathode waste. The effects of the ball-milling (BM) speed, BM time, and quantity of added GS on the metal leaching rate were explored. The spent lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) and its leaching residue before and after mechanochemistry were characterized by SEM, BET, PSD, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS analysis. Our study shows that mechanochemistry promotes the leaching efficiency of metals from LIBs battery cathode waste by changing the cathode material properties (that is, reducing the LCO particle size (12.126 μm ∼ 0.0928 μm), increasing the specific surface area (0.123 m2/g ∼ 15.957 m2/g), enhancing the hydrophilicity and surface free energy (57.44 mN/m2 ∼ 66.18 mN/m2), promoting the generation of mesoporous structures, refining grains, disrupting the crystal structure, and increasing the microscopic strain, while deflecting the binding energy of the metal ions). A green, efficient and environmentally friendly process for the harmless and resource-friendly treatment of spent LIBs has been developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Jinhai Road No. 2360, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Jinhai Road No. 2360, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Xihua Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Jinhai Road No. 2360, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - En Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Jinhai Road No. 2360, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201209, China.
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Liu P, Wang H, Huang T, Li L, Xiong W, Huang S, Ren X, Ouyang X, Hu J, Zhang Q, Liu J. Cost-effective natural graphite reengineering technology for lithium ion batteries. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Zhu A, Bian X, Han W, Wen Y, Ye K, Wang G, Yan J, Cao D, Zhu K, Wang S. Microwave-ultra-fast recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by deep eutectic solvents. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:139-147. [PMID: 36462344 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale use of electric vehicles produced massive discarded lithium-ion batteries, containing many recyclable valuable metals and toxic and harmful substances. Biodegradable and recyclable deep eutectic solvent (DES) is considered a green recycling technology for spent LIBs. Herein, we proposed a microwave-enhanced approach to shorten the leaching time in the urea/lactic acid: choline chloride: ethylene glycol DES system. The dipole moments induced by urea or lactic acid on LiCoO2 surface increased over two orders of magnitude under the high electric field. Because of this, over 90 % of Li and Co can be fast leached at 4 min and 160 W in the urea/lactic acid: choline chloride: ethylene glycol DES system. Meanwhile, we established two models to explain the leaching mechanism of metal ions from their leaching kinetics and micro-level behavior, and named them dot-etching and layer-peeling processes, respectively. By further analyzing, we found that the dot-etching can be attributed to the synergistic effect of reduction and coordination, which caused the surface of leaching residues porous. The layer-peeling process depends on neutralization, and the leaching residues had a smooth surface in this process. This work highlights the effect of microwave-enhanced strategy and DES surface chemistry on spent electrode materials recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China; Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinyu Bian
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weijiang Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yong Wen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ke Ye
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dianxue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shubin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China; Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Wu X, Ma J, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhou G, Liang Z. Progress, Key Issues, and Future Prospects for Li-Ion Battery Recycling. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2022; 6:2200067. [PMID: 36532240 PMCID: PMC9749081 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The overuse and exploitation of fossil fuels has triggered the energy crisis and caused tremendous issues for the society. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as one of the most important renewable energy storage technologies, have experienced booming progress, especially with the drastic growth of electric vehicles. To avoid massive mineral mining and the opening of new mines, battery recycling to extract valuable species from spent LIBs is essential for the development of renewable energy. Therefore, LIBs recycling needs to be widely promoted/applied and the advanced recycling technology with low energy consumption, low emission, and green reagents needs to be highlighted. In this review, the necessity for battery recycling is first discussed from several different aspects. Second, the various LIBs recycling technologies that are currently used, such as pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods, are summarized and evaluated. Then, based on the challenges of the above recycling methods, the authors look further forward to some of the cutting-edge recycling technologies, such as direct repair and regeneration. In addition, the authors also discuss the prospects of selected recycling strategies for next-generation LIBs such as solid-state Li-metal batteries. Finally, overall conclusions and future perspectives for the sustainability of energy storage devices are presented in the last chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene CenterTsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Jun Ma
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene CenterTsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene CenterTsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene CenterTsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene CenterTsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China
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Qu J, Wu Z, Liu Y, Li R, Wang D, Wang S, Wei S, Zhang J, Tao Y, Jiang Z, Zhang Y. Ball milling potassium ferrate activated biochar for efficient chromium and tetracycline decontamination: Insights into activation and adsorption mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127407. [PMID: 35667535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, novel Fe-biochar composites (MBCBM500 and MBCBM700) were synthesized through K2FeO4 co-pyrolysis and ball milling, and were used to eliminate Cr(VI)/TC from water. Characterization results revealed that higher temperature promoted formation of zero-valent iron and Fe3C on MBCBM700 through carbothermal reduction between K2FeO4 and biochar. The higher specific surface area and smaller particle size of MBCBM500/700 stemmed from the corrosive functions of K and the ball milling process. And the maximal uptake amount of MBCBM700 for Cr(VI)/TC was 117.49/90.31 mg/g, relatively higher than that of MBCBM500 (93.86/84.15 mg/g). Furthermore, ion exchange, pore filling, precipitation, complexation, reduction and electrostatic attraction were proved to facilitate the adsorption of Cr(VI), while hydrogen bonding force, pore filling, complexation and π-π stacking were the primary pathways to eliminate TC. This study provide a reasonable design of Fe-carbon materials for Cr(VI)/TC contained water remediation, which required neither extra modifiers nor complex preparation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhihuan Wu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruolin Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuqi Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhao Jiang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Rd, Changchun 130102, China.
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Zhou M, Zhao J, Wang X, Shen J, Tang W, Deng Y, Liu R. Surface engineering for high stable lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Qu J, Zhang W, Bi F, Yan S, Miao X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Ge C, Zhang Y. Two-step ball milling-assisted synthesis of N-doped biochar loaded with ferrous sulfide for enhanced adsorptive removal of Cr(Ⅵ) and tetracycline from water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119398. [PMID: 35525521 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped biochar loaded with FeS (FeS@NBCBM) was synthesized by two-step ball milling processes. Characterization results revealed that N-doping process successfully introduced pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic N structures, and FeS was subsequently embedded in N-doped biochar (NBCBM). The resultant FeS@NBCBM presented predominant adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) (194.69 mg/g) and tetracycline (TC, 371.29 mg/g) compared with BC (27.28 and 37.89 mg/g) and NBCBM (71.26 and 81.26 mg/g). In addition, the Cr(VI)/TC elimination process by FeS@NBCBM was basically stable with multiple co-existing ions with slight decrease on adsorption performance after three desorption-regeneration cycles. Most importantly, FeS@NBCBM was found to achieve Cr(VI) elimination not only by electrostatic attraction, ion exchange and complexation, but also by electrons-triggered reduction provided by different species of N, Fe2+ as well as S(Ⅱ). Meantime, pore filling, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking interactions were demonstrated to contribute to TC adsorption. These results suggested the co-modification of N-doping and FeS loading by ball milling as an innovative decorating method for biochar to adsorptive purification of Cr(VI) and TC-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Weihang Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fuxuan Bi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shaojuan Yan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuemei Miao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chengjun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province (Hainan University), Haikou, 570228, China.
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Qu J, Shi J, Wang Y, Tong H, Zhu Y, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhang B, Tao Y, Dai X, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Applications of functionalized magnetic biochar in environmental remediation: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128841. [PMID: 35427975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic biochar (MBC) is extensively applied on contaminants removal from environmental medium for achieving environmental-friendly remediation with reduction of secondary pollution owing to its easy recovery and separation. However, the summary of MBC synthesis methods is still lack of relevant information. Moreover, the adsorption performance for pollutants by MBC is limited, and thus it is imperative to adopt modification techniques to enhance the removal ability of MBC. Unfortunately, there are few reviews to present modification methods of MBC with applications for removing hazardous contaminants. Herein, we critically reviewed (i) MBC synthetic methods with corresponding advantages and limitations; (ii) adsorption mechanisms of MBC for heavy metals and organic pollutants; (iii) various modification methods for MBC such as functional groups grafting, nanoparticles loading and element doping; (iv) applications of modified MBC for hazardous contaminants adsorption with deep insight to relevant removal mechanisms; and (v) key influencing conditions like solution pH, temperature and interfering ions toward contaminants removal. Finally, some constructive suggestions were put forward for the practical applications of MBC in the near future. This review provided a comprehensive understanding of using functionalized MBC as effective adsorbent with low-cost and high-performance characteristics for contaminated environment remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiajia Shi
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yihui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hua Tong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yujiao Zhu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lishu Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiao Dai
- Harbin ZENENG Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Harbin ZENENG Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4888 Shengbei Rd, Changchun 130102, China.
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11
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Bian R, Su T, Gao Y, Chen Y, Zhu S, Liu C, Wang X, Qu Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Enrichment and recycling of Zn from electroplating wastewater as zinc phosphate via coupled coagulation and hydrothermal route. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Abstract
With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry in recent years, the use of lithium batteries is growing rapidly. From 2015 to 2040, the production of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles could reach 0.33 to 4 million tons. It is predicted that a total of 21 million end-of-life lithium battery packs will be generated between 2015 and 2040. Spent lithium batteries can cause pollution to the soil and seriously threaten the safety and property of people. They contain valuable metals, such as cobalt and lithium, which are nonrenewable resources, and their recycling and treatment have important economic, strategic, and environmental benefits. Estimations show that the weight of spent electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries will reach 500,000 tons in 2020. Methods for safely and effectively recycling lithium batteries to ensure they provide a boost to economic development have been widely investigated. This paper summarizes the recycling technologies for lithium batteries discussed in recent years, such as pyrometallurgy, acid leaching, solvent extraction, electrochemical methods, chlorination technology, ammoniation technology, and combined recycling, and presents some views on the future research direction of lithium batteries.
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Zhou M, Zhao J, Wang X, Shen J, Yang JL, Tang W, Deng Y, Zhao SX, Liu R. Enhanced stability of vanadium-doped Li 1.2Ni 0.16Co 0.08Mn 0.56O 2 cathode materials for superior Li-ion batteries. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32825-32833. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05126e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-valence V5+ can improve the discharge capacity and coulomb efficiency and inhibit the voltage attenuation of cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhou
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ji Shen
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin-Lin Yang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenhao Tang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yirui Deng
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shi-Xi Zhao
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
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14
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Future Trends and Aging Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The increase of electric vehicles (EVs), environmental concerns, energy preservation, battery selection, and characteristics have demonstrated the headway of EV development. It is known that the battery units require special considerations because of their nature of temperature sensitivity, aging effects, degradation, cost, and sustainability. Hence, EV advancement is currently concerned where batteries are the energy accumulating infers for EVs. This paper discusses recent trends and developments in battery deployment for EVs. Systematic reviews on explicit energy, state-of-charge, thermal efficiency, energy productivity, life cycle, battery size, market revenue, security, and commerciality are provided. The review includes battery-based energy storage advances and their development, characterizations, qualities of power transformation, and evaluation measures with advantages and burdens for EV applications. This study offers a guide for better battery selection based on exceptional performance proposed for traction applications (e.g., BEVs and HEVs), considering EV’s advancement subjected to sustainability issues, such as resource depletion and the release in the environment of ozone and carbon-damaging substances. This study also provides a case study on an aging assessment for the different types of batteries investigated. The case study targeted lithium-ion battery cells and how aging analysis can be influenced by factors such as ambient temperature, cell temperature, and charging and discharging currents. These parameters showed considerable impacts on life cycle numbers, as a capacity fading of 18.42%, between 25–65 °C was observed. Finally, future trends and demand of the lithium-ion batteries market could increase by 11% and 65%, between 2020–2025, for light-duty and heavy-duty EVs.
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