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Li Y, Huang F, Stang PJ, Yin S. Supramolecular Coordination Complexes for Synergistic Cancer Therapy. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1174-1187. [PMID: 38557015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) are predictable and size-tunable supramolecular self-assemblies constructed through directional coordination bonds between readily available organic ligands and metallic receptors. Based on planar and 3D structures, SCCs can be mainly divided into two categories: metallacycles (e.g., rhomboidal, triangular, rectangular, and hexagonal) and metallacages (e.g., tetrahedral, hexahedral, and dodecahedral). The directional coordination bonds enable the efficient formation of metallacycles and metallacages with well-defined architectures and geometries. SCCs exhibit several advantages, including good directionality, strong interaction force, tunable modularity, and good solution processability, making them highly attractive for biomedical applications, especially in cellular imaging and cancer therapy. Compared with their molecular precursors, SCCs demonstrate enhanced cellular uptake and a strengthened tumor accumulation effect, owing to their inherently charged structures. These properties and the chemotherapeutic potential inherent to organic platinum complexes have promoted their widespread application in antitumor therapy. Furthermore, the defined structures of SCCs, achieved via the design modification of assembly elements and introduction of different functional groups, enable them to combat malignant tumors through multipronged treatment modalities. Because the development of cancer-treatment methodologies integrated in clinics has evolved from single-modality chemotherapy to synergistic multimodal therapy, the development of functional SCCs for synergistic cancer therapy is crucial. While some pioneering reviews have explored the bioapplications of SCCs, often categorized by a specific function or focusing on the specific metal or ligand types, a comprehensive exploration of their synergistic multifunctionality is a critical gap in the current literature.In this Account, we focus on platinum-based SCCs and their applications in cancer therapy. While other metals, such as Pd-, Rh-, Ru-, and Ir-based SCCs, have been explored for cancer therapy by Therrien and Casini et al., platinum-based SCCs have garnered significant interest, owing to their unique advantages in antitumor therapy. These platinum-based SCCs, which enhance antitumor efficacy, are considered prominent candidates for cancer therapies owing to their desirable properties, such as potent antitumor activity, exceptionally low systemic toxicity, active tumor-targeting ability, and enhanced cellular uptake. Furthermore, diverse diagnostic and therapeutic modalities (e.g., chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy) can be integrated into a single platform based on platinum-based SCCs for cancer therapy. Consequently, herein, we summarize our recent research on platinum-based SCCs for synergistic cancer therapy with particular emphasis on the cooperative interplay between different therapeutic methods. In the Conclusions section, we present the key advancements achieved on the basis of our research findings and propose future directions that may significantly impact the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, P. R. China
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shouchun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, 311121 Hangzhou, P. R. China
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Xu D, Li Y, Yin S, Huang F. Strategies to address key challenges of metallacycle/metallacage-based supramolecular coordination complexes in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3167-3204. [PMID: 38385584 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their capacity for dynamically linking two or more functional molecules, supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), exemplified by two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles and three-dimensional (3D) metallacages, have gained increasing significance in biomedical applications. However, their inherent hydrophobicity and self-assembly driven by heavy metal ions present common challenges in their applications. These challenges can be overcome by enhancing the aqueous solubility and in vivo circulation stability of SCCs, alongside minimizing their side effects during treatment. Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing the fundamental research of SCCs and their subsequent clinical translation. In this review, drawing on extensive contemporary research, we offer a thorough and systematic analysis of the strategies employed by SCCs to surmount these prevalent yet pivotal obstacles. Additionally, we explore further potential challenges and prospects for the broader application of SCCs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Shouchun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
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Fu HG, Shi XX, Liu M, Wang HJ, Zhang F, Chen Y, Liu Y. Photo-Controlled Nano-Supramolecular Size and Reversible Luminescent Behaviors Based on Cucurbit[7]uril Cascaded Assembly. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48564-48573. [PMID: 37792571 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular luminescent material with switchable behavior and photo-induced aggregation with emission enhancement is a current research hot spot. Herein, a size-tunable nano-supramolecular assembly with reversible photoluminescent behavior was constructed by noncovalent polymerization of diarylethene-bridged bis(coumarin) derivative (DAE-CO), cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), and β-cyclodextrin-grafted hyaluronic acid (HACD). Benefiting from the macrocyclic confinement effect, the guest molecule DAE-CO was included into the cavity of CB[7] to give enhanced fluorescence emission of the resulting DAE-CO⊂CB[7]2 with longer lifetime at 432 nm to 1.43 ns, thereby further enhancing fluorescence output and lifetime (1.46 ns) when further assembled with HACD, compared with the free DAE-CO (0.95 ns). In addition, DAE-CO, DAE-CO⊂CB[7]2, and DAE-CO⊂CB[7]2&HACD all possessed characteristics of aggregation-induced emission and reversible photo-switched structural interconversion, exhibiting an obvious photophysical activation phenomenon of self-aggregation into larger nanoparticles with increase in fluorescence emission intensity, lifetime, and size after irradiation, which could be increased step by step with the alternating irradiation of 254 nm (5 min) or >600 nm (30 s) repeated 7 times. These supramolecular assemblies were successfully used in the tumor cells' targeted imaging and anti-counterfeiting because of the capability of HACD for recognizing specific receptors overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells and the excellent photo-regulated switch ability of DAE-CO, providing an approach of constructing photo-induced emission-enhanced luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Fu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Wang
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Fanjun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Luo Z, Zhang X, Zhao J, Bai R, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhao D, Yan X. Mechanically Interlocked [2]Rotaxane Aerogels with Tunable Morphologies and Mechanical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306489. [PMID: 37506278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical bonds have been utilized as promising motifs to construct mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) with mechanical adaptivity and multifunctionality. However, fabricating such aerogels with not only precise chemical structures but also dynamic features remains challenging. Herein, we present MIAs carrying dense [2]rotaxane units, which bestow both the stability and flexibility of the aerogel network. Owing to the stable chemical structure of a [2]rotaxane, MIAs possessing a precise and full-scale mechanically interlocked network could be fabricated with the aid of diverse solvents. In addition, the dynamic nature of the [2]rotaxane resulted in morphologies and mechanical performances of the MIAs that can be dramatically modulated under chemical stimuli. We hope that the structure-property relationship in MIAs will facilitate the development of mechanically interlocked materials and provide novel opportunities toward constructing smart materials with multifunctionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Huang X, Chen L, Jin J, Kim H, Chen L, Zhang Z, Yu L, Li S, Stang PJ. Host–Guest Encapsulation to Promote the Formation of a Multicomponent Trigonal-Prismatic Metallacage. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20237-20242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hyunuk Kim
- Energy Materials and Convergence Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Luyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Jia Y, Guan WL, Liu J, Hu JP, Shi B, Yao H, Zhang YM, Wei TB, Lin Q. Novel conductive metallo-supramolecular polymer AIE gel for multi-channel highly sensitive detection of hydrazine hydrate. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hou Y, Shi R, Yuan H, Zhang M. Highly emissive perylene diimide-based bowtie-shaped metallacycles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shi B, Qin P, Chai Y, Qu WJ, Shangguan L, Lin Q, Zhang YM, Sun Y, Huang F, Stang PJ. An Organoplatinum(II) Metallacycle-Based Supramolecular Amphiphile and Its Application in Enzyme-Responsive Controlled Release. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8090-8095. [PMID: 35542969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials are emerging as important candidates for bioanalytical and biomedical applications due to their good biocompatibilities and sensitivities. However, the lack of promising operation platforms compatible with enzyme responsiveness greatly limits the scope and functionality of smart materials. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a naphthalene-functionalized organoplatinum(II) metallacycle 1 by means of coordination-driven self-assembly, which is subsequently exploited as the organometallic platform to enable enzyme-responsive supramolecular materials. Specifically, a [2 + 2] self-assembled metallacycle 1 first self-assembles into nanosheets in aqueous solution, which can further transform into vesicles with the introduction of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) because of the formation of a bola-type supramolecular amphiphile β-CD-1. Interestingly, these vesicles show rare α-amylase responsiveness, as demonstrated by structurally transforming back into nanosheets after the addition of α-amylase to their solutions due to the enzyme-induced degradation of cyclodextrins. We also demonstrate the potential application of the self-assembled vesicles in amylase-responsive controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Peng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Chai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Liqing Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Jia P, Hu Y, Zeng Z, Wang Y, Song B, Jiang Y, Sun H, Wang M, Qiu W, Xu L. Construction of FRET-based metallacycles with efficient photosensitization efficiency and photocatalytic activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Yu H, Shi J, Li M, Pan G, Tong H, Xu B, Wang M, Tian W. Discrete Platinum(II) Metallacycles with Inner- and Outer-Modified 9,10-Distyrylanthracene: Design, Self-Assembly, and Luminescence Properties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7231-7237. [PMID: 35234451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To completely unravel the relationship between structures and luminescence properties of inner- and outer-modified metallacycles, two rhombic metallacycles S1 and S2 with 9,10-distyrylanthracene (DSA) were constructed herein via the design of DSA moieties on the inside or outside of metallacycles. Similar building blocks of the two metallacycles led to the same emission wavelengths in a dilute solution. In contrast, their fluorescence emissions in the aggregation and solid states were significantly different and revealed interesting emission behaviors from structures with inner- and outer-modified design. Finally, based on their luminescence properties, a tunable solid-state fluorescence emissive material was easily obtained by the mixing of two supramolecules in different ratios. This unique design suggested that the modified position of fluorophores exerts a key impact on the adjustment of luminescence from a dilute solution to the aggregated state and will be of great significance for the development of luminescent materials based on supramolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guocui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
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Yin G, Huang J, Liu D, Li R, Wei S, Si M, Ni F, Zheng Y, Yang Q, Zhou R, Le X, Lu W, Chen T. Mechanochemical transformation of fluorescent hydrogel based on dynamic lanthanide-terpyridine coordination. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang L, Sun LY, Chang JP, Xie HY, Zhang YW, Zhang YF, Han YF. A trefoil-shaped macrocycle with 12 imidazolium cations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Wu B, Guo Z, Li G, Zhao J, Liu Y, Wang J, Wang H, Yan X. Synergistic combination of ACQ and AIE moieties to enhance the emission of hexagonal metallacycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11056-11059. [PMID: 34609386 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03787k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we show the synergistic combination of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) units into two hexagonal metallacycles. The resultant metallacycles displayed emergent photophysical properties including tunable fluorescence using the polarity and solubility of the solvents as well as enhanced emissive efficacy. Our work demonstrates the synergistic enhancement of these two orthogonal effects via coordination-driven self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Zhewen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Guangfeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Yuhang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
| | - Jinbing Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Centre for Oral Disease, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China.
| | - Huigang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
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Guo Z, Li G, Wang H, Zhao J, Liu Y, Tan H, Li X, Stang PJ, Yan X. Drum-like Metallacages with Size-Dependent Fluorescence: Exploring the Photophysics of Tetraphenylethylene under Locked Conformations. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9215-9221. [PMID: 34105960 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Materials with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties are of growing interest due to their widespread applications. AIEgens, such as tetraphenylethylene units, display varying emission behaviors during their conformational changes. However, the structure-property relationships of the intermediate conformations have rarely been explored. Herein, we show that the conformational restriction on TPE units can affect the structural relaxation in the excited state and the resulting photophysical behaviors. Specifically, three metallacages of different sizes were prepared via the coordination-driven self-assembly of a TPE-based tetrapyridyl donor with length-increasing Pt(II) acceptors. While the metallacages share similar scaffolds, they exhibit a trend of red-shifted fluorescence and attenuated quantum yield with the increase of their sizes. Furthermore, spectroscopic and computational studies together with a control experiment were conducted, revealing that the degree of cage tension imposed on the excited-state conformational relaxation of TPE moieties resulted in their distinct photophysical properties. The precise control of conformation holds promise as a strategy for understanding the AIE mechanism as well as optimizing the photophysical behaviors of materials on the platform of supramolecular coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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