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Zhou X, Gong L, Wu C, Peng Y, Cao B, Yang H, Wu D, Jiang X, Xia BY. Biologically templated formation of Cobalt-Phosphide-Graphene hybrids with charge redistribution for efficient hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:787-793. [PMID: 38744156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient and sustainable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is important for the practical application of emerging energy technologies. The spherical structure and phosphorus-rich properties of Chlorella can facilitate the construction of comparable transition metal phosphide electrocatalysts. Here, a microorganism template strategy is proposed to construct a cobalt-phosphide-graphene hybrid. Chlorella can absorb metal ions, and the generated rough spherical nanoparticles are uniformly distributed around the reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. This designed catalyst has comparable HER performance in acidic electrolytes and needs an overpotential of only 153 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. The experimental and density functional theory results imply that the charge redistribution between Co2P and pyrrole-N is the key factor in enhancing the HER activity. The induced electron aggregation at the N and P sites can serve as a key active site for absorbing the adsorbed hydrogen atom intermediate to accelerate the HER process, contributing to the active sites of Co2P- and pyrrole-N-doped carbon with 0 eV hydrogen adsorption free energy. This work provides a broad idea for synthesizing advanced catalysts by a biological template approach, facilitating the innovative integration of biology and emerging electrochemical energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Lanqian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yujie Peng
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Bingying Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Daoxiong Wu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Xueliang Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Xu N, Lv JY, Sun HY, Tian XJ, Yu WL, Li X, Liu CY, Chai YM, Dong B. Ultrasmall Ru nanoparticles-decorated nickel/nickel oxide three phase heterojunctions to boost alkaline hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:704-715. [PMID: 38492371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The rational design and optimization of heterogeneous interface for low loading noble metal HER eletrocatalysts to facilitate the upscaling of alkaline water/seawater electrolysis is highly challenging. Herein, we present a facile deep corrosion strategy induced by NaBH4 to precisely construct an ultrasmall Ru nanoparticle-decorated Ni/NiO hybrid (r-Ru-Ni/NiO) with highly dispersed triple-phase heterostructures. Remarkably, it exhibits superior activity with only 53 mV and 70 mV at 100 mA cm-2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline water and seawater, respectively, surpassing the performance of Pt/C (109.7 mV, 100 mA cm-2, 1 M KOH). It is attributed to collaborative optimization of electroactive interfaces between well-distributed ultrasmall Ru nanoparticles and Ni/NiO hybrid. Moreover, the assembled r-Ru-Ni/NiO system just require 2.03 V at 1000 mA cm-2 in anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer, outperforming a RuO2/NF || Pt/C system, while exhibiting outstanding stability at high current densities. This study offers a logical design for accurate construction of interfacial engineering, showing promise for large-scale hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Jing-Yi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Hai-Yi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Xin-Jie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Wen-Li Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Chun-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Yong-Ming Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
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Chenxi Y, Haiou Z, Jian W, Yingguo W. Facile fabrication of sulfonated porous yeast carbon microspheres through a hydrothermal method and their application for the removal of cationic dye. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11326. [PMID: 38760428 PMCID: PMC11101640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Water pollution containing dyes become increasingly serious environmental problem with the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization process. Renewable adsorbents for cationic dye wastewater treatment are becoming an obstacle because of the difficulty of desorbing the dye from the adsorbent surface after adsorption. To overcome this dilemma, herein, we report a hydrothermal method to fabricate sulfonic acid modified yeast carbon microspheres (SA/YCM). Different characterization techniques like scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction have been used to test the SA/YCM. Decorated with sulfonic acid group, the modified yeast carbon microspheres possess excellent ability of adsorbing positively charged materials. The removal rate of Methyl blue (MB) by renewable adsorbent SA/YCM can reach 85.3% when the concentration is 500 mg/L. The SA/YCM regenerated by HCl showed excellent regeneration adsorption capacity (78.1%) after five cycles of adsorption-desorption regeneration experiment. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic behaviors of SA/YCM for methylene blue dyes removal were studied and fitted to different existing models. Owing to the numerous sulfonic acid groups on the surface, the SA/YCM showed prominent reusability after regeneration under acidic conditions, which could withstand repeated adsorption-desorption cycles as well as multiple practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chenxi
- Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China.
- ShaanXi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China.
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources. Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an, 710075, China.
| | - Zhang Haiou
- Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China
- ShaanXi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources. Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Wang Jian
- Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China
- ShaanXi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources. Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Wang Yingguo
- Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China
- ShaanXi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Natural Resources. Ltd., Xi'an, 710075, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an, 710075, China
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Liu S, Wang N, Liu G, Yang S, Li C, Zhou Y, He H, Chen Y, Thummavichaia K, Zhu Y. In situ synthesis of tentacle-like NiC/Mo 2C/NF nanorods array with excellent hydrogen evolution reaction at high current densities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:606-613. [PMID: 38310769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The problem limiting the use of hydrogen evolution reactions in industry is the inability of electrocatalysts to operate stably at high current densities, so the development of stable and efficient electrocatalysts is important for hydrogen production by water splitting. By designing a rational interface engineering not only can the problem of limited number of catalytic sites in the catalyst be solved, but also can facilitate electron transfer, thus enhancing the efficiency of water splitting. Here, we designed a two-stage chemical vapour deposition method to construct NiC/Mo2C nanorod arrays on nickel foam to enhance the electrocatalytic ability of the catalysts, which exhibited efficient HER catalytic activity due to their special tentacle-like nanorod structure and abundant heterogeneous junction surfaces, which brought about abundant active sites as well as promoted electron transfer capability. The resulting catalysts provide current densities of 10, 100 and 500 mA cm-2 with overpotentials of 31, 153 and 264 mV, and exhibit excellent stability at current densities of 10 mA cm-2 for 200 h. This discovery provides a new idea for the rational design of catalysts with special morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Guangsheng Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Shiming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huan He
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - Kunyapat Thummavichaia
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Li H, Zhen F, Qian X, Yang J, Yu H, Wang Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Qu B. Study of efficient catalytic electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction from seawater based on low tortuosity corn straw cellulose biochar/Mo2C with porous channels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127993. [PMID: 37949268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Porosity and channel structure has important effects on the performance of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of nanostructured electrocatalysts in acid solution and seawater. Mesopore usually helps to enhance the reaction kinetics and mass transfer, while the macroporous channel structure also affects the electrocatalyst. Traditional graphene materials do not have such structure. Therefore, this paper designs a method to synthesize Mo2C composite nanomaterial in situ on corn straw biochar, inspires by the natural channel structure of conducting water, salt and organic matter in plants. Characteristic characterization shows that the material also has a large number of mesoporous and vertical distribution of large porous channel structure, through the decrease of tortuosity and porosity, ensure the catalyst surface electrolyte transport and hydrogen timely escape, alleviate the process of metal ion precipitation blocking pore channel, so as to improve the rate of hydrogen evolution reaction. The results shows that the overpotential of the catalyst was 48 mV and 251 mV under 10 mA cm-2 acidic electrolyte and simulated seawater electrolyte, respectively. This method provides new ideas for the design of efficient electrocatalysts for seawater decomposition, then the HER performance in alkaline and neutral environments needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongru Li
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agr Univ, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Feng Zhen
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xin Qian
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agr Univ, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaxun Yang
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agr Univ, Harbin 150030, China; Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agr Univ, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agr Univ, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bin Qu
- College of Art and Science, Northeast Agr Univ, Harbin 150030, China.
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Peng Y, Douka AI, You F, Yao J, Jiang X, Hu R, Yang H. Electroactive Microorganisms in Advanced Energy Technologies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114372. [PMID: 37298848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-scale production of green and pollution-free materials is crucial for deploying sustainable clean energy. Currently, the fabrication of traditional energy materials involves complex technological conditions and high costs, which significantly limits their broad application in the industry. Microorganisms involved in energy production have the advantages of inexpensive production and safe process and can minimize the problem of chemical reagents in environmental pollution. This paper reviews the mechanisms of electron transport, redox, metabolism, structure, and composition of electroactive microorganisms in synthesizing energy materials. It then discusses and summarizes the applications of microbial energy materials in electrocatalytic systems, sensors, and power generation devices. Lastly, the research progress and existing challenges for electroactive microorganisms in the energy and environment sectors described herein provide a theoretical basis for exploring the future application of electroactive microorganisms in energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yujie Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Abdoulkader Ibro Douka
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feng You
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Junlong Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Xueliang Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ruofei Hu
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, China
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Chen Z, Yun S, Wu L, Zhang J, Shi X, Wei W, Liu Y, Zheng R, Han N, Ni BJ. Waste-Derived Catalysts for Water Electrolysis: Circular Economy-Driven Sustainable Green Hydrogen Energy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:4. [PMID: 36454315 PMCID: PMC9715911 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of green hydrogen via water electrolysis necessitates cost-effective electrocatalysts. By following the circular economy principle, the utilization of waste-derived catalysts significantly promotes the sustainable development of green hydrogen energy. Currently, diverse waste-derived catalysts have exhibited excellent catalytic performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water electrolysis (OWE). Herein, we systematically examine recent achievements in waste-derived electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. The general principles of water electrolysis and design principles of efficient electrocatalysts are discussed, followed by the illustration of current strategies for transforming wastes into electrocatalysts. Then, applications of waste-derived catalysts (i.e., carbon-based catalysts, transitional metal-based catalysts, and carbon-based heterostructure catalysts) in HER, OER, and OWE are reviewed successively. An emphasis is put on correlating the catalysts' structure-performance relationship. Also, challenges and research directions in this booming field are finally highlighted. This review would provide useful insights into the design, synthesis, and applications of waste-derived electrocatalysts, and thus accelerate the development of the circular economy-driven green hydrogen energy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xingdong Shi
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Renji Zheng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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