Construction of immobilized films photocatalysts with CdS clusters decorated by metal Cd and BiOCl for photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline antibiotics

Highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production by ZnCdS composite catalyst modified with NiCoP nanosheets prepared by LDH precursor

The unique characteristics and diverse applications of 2D transition metal phosphides have aroused significant interest. In this paper, we successfully prepared 2D NiCoP modified ZnCdS composite. The NiCoP nanosheets were successfully obtained by phosphating layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursor. The results show that the ZnCdS-8%NiCoP has the highest photocatalytic performance among all the composite photocatalysts with the H2 evolution rate of 1370.1 µmol h-1, which is 17.9 folds higher than obtained with pure ZnCdS. Detailed analysis reveal that NiCoP nanosheets functions as an excellent electron acceptor, speeding up the directed migration of electrons. Furthermore, the rational mechanism of photocatalytic has been presented based on density function theory (DFT) calculations, which is well congruent with experimental results. Our research offers a simple, environmentally benign, and scalable technique for making highly effective photocatalysts, as well as a novel perspective on transition metal phosphides rational design.

Urinary antibiotic concentrations in preschool children from eastern China and health risk assessment

Despite limited biomonitoring studies suggesting extensive antibiotic exposure in general population, the body burden of antibiotics in young children and their potential health risks remain unclear. To assess the antibiotic exposure levels in young children, 508 preschoolers aged 3-6 years were recruited from eastern China in 2022, and a total of 50 representative antibiotics from 8 categories, including 17 human antibiotics (HAs), 4 antibiotics preferred as HAs (PHAs), 16 veterinary antibiotics (VAs), and 13 antibiotics preferred as VAs (PVAs), were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate the health risks, and multivariate logistic regression was applied to examine diet with antibiotic exposure. Our results showed that there were 41 antibiotics detected in children's urine, and the overall detection frequency was as high as 100%. Sulfonamides, macrolides, β-lactams, quinolones, and azoles were the predominant categories of antibiotic detected. Among the studied children, 6.5% had a sum of estimated daily intake (EDI) of all VAs and PVAs larger than 1 μg/kg/day. Notably, 10.0% of the children had a microbiological HI value exceeding 1, primarily contributed by ciprofloxacin. Children with higher consumption of seafood had a relatively increased exposure to multiple categories of antibiotics, including HAs, VAs, quinolones, azoles, and others. Principal component analysis suggested that "Aquatic products and viscera preferred dietary pattern" scores were positively correlated with the exposure levels of ciprofloxacin (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02-1.47) and carbadox (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.10-1.59), and a relatively increased exposure of PHAs was realized in children with higher "Meat-egg preferred dietary pattern" scores (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03-1.50). In conclusion, there was a widespread exposure to antibiotics among preschool children from eastern China, and children who consumed more animal-derived foods may had an increased exposure to antibiotics.