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Zhou J, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Toan S, Wang L, Wågberg T, Hu G. Copper nanoparticle-decorated nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets for electrochemical determination of paraquat. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:252. [PMID: 37286788 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to prepare copper (Cu) nanoparticles anchored in nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (Cu@CN) has been designed and the nanomaterial applied to the determination of paraquat (PQ). The nanocomposite materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and several other techniques. We found that the Cu nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the carbon materials, providing abundant active sites for electrochemical detection. The electrochemical behavior of the Cu@CN-based PQ sensor was investigated by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Cu@CN exhibited excellent electrochemical activity and PQ detection performance. The Cu@CN-modified glassy carbon electrode (Cu@CN/GCE) exhibited excellent stability, favorable sensitivity, and high selectivity under optimized conditions (enrichment voltage -0.1 V and enrichment time 400 s) of the SWV test. The detection range reached 0.50 nM to 12.00 μM, and the limit of detection was 0.43 nM with high sensitivity of 18 μA·μM-1·cm-2. The detection limit is 9 times better than that of the high-performance liquid chromatography method. The Cu@CN electrochemical sensor demonstrated excellent sensitivity and selectivity also in environmental water and fruit samples enabling its use in practical, rapid trace-level detection of PQ in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
| | - Thomas Wågberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
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Zheng W, Su R, Yu G, Liu L, Yan F. Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Paraquat in Environmental Water Samples Using a Vertically Ordered Mesoporous Silica Film and a Nanocarbon Composite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203632. [PMID: 36296822 PMCID: PMC9610481 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a sensitive and rapid electrochemical method for the detection of paraquat (PQ) using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (VMSF) and a nanocarbon composite. The three-dimensional graphene-carbon nanotube (3DG-CNT) nanocarbon composite has a 3D network structure, a large electroactive area and oxygen-containing groups, promoting electron transfer between PQ and the underlying electrode and providing a suitable microenvironment for the stable growth of VMSF. This VMSF/3DG-CNT nanocomposite film could be prepared on the GCE's surface by a two-step electrochemical method with good controllability and convenience. Owing to the synergistic effect of the electrocatalytic ability of 3DG-CNT and the electrostatically enriched capacity of VMSF, the proposed VMSF/3DG-CNT/GCE has superior analytical sensitivity compared with the bare GCE. Furthermore, VMSF has excellent anti-fouling ability that makes the fabricated sensor exhibit satisfactory performance for direct analysis of PQ in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zheng
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (F.Y.)
| | - Ruobing Su
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guoguang Yu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (F.Y.)
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Peng Y, Li M, Jia X, Su J, Zhao X, Zhang S, Zhang H, Zhou X, Chen J, Huang Y, Wågberg T, Hu G. Cu Nanoparticle-Decorated Boron-Carbon-Nitrogen Nanosheets for Electrochemical Determination of Chloramphenicol. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28956-28964. [PMID: 35704422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, irregular Cu nanoparticle-decorated boron-carbon-nitrogen (Cu-BCN) nanosheets were successfully synthesized. A Cu-BCN dispersion was deposited on a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to prepare an electrochemical sensor (Cu-BCN/GCE) for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) in the environment. Cu-BCN was characterized using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of the Cu-BCN/GCE was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and its advantages were proven by electrode comparison. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to optimize the experimental conditions, including the amount of Cu-BCN deposited, enrichment potential, deposition time, and pH of the electrolyte. A linear relationship between the CAP concentration and current response was obtained under the optimized experimental conditions, with a wide linear range and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.41 nmol/L. Cu-BCN/GCE exhibited high stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. In the presence of various organic and inorganic species, the influence of the Cu-BCN-based sensor on the current response of CAP was less than 5%. Notably, the prepared sensor exhibited excellent performance in real-water samples, with satisfactory recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xiuxiu Jia
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Jianru Su
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaohai Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianbing Chen
- Research Academy of Non-metallic Mining Industry Development, Materials and Environmental Engineering College, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
| | - Yimin Huang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Thomas Wågberg
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden
| | - Guangzhi Hu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå S-901 87, Sweden
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