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Wu Z, Fan J, Hu J, Xie W, Sun S, Hu S, Li C, Wang Z, Ituen E. Temperature-responsive salt-resistant poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)-based emulsifiers for heavy oils. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131977. [PMID: 38692540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The emulsions prepared with most currently reported emulsifiers are stable only at room temperature and are susceptible to demulsification at higher temperatures. This thermal instability prevents their use in high-temperature and high-salt environments encountered oilfield extraction. To address this issue, in this study, two temperature-responsive emulsifiers, PSBMA and CS-PSBMA, were synthesized. Both emulsifiers exhibited the ability to form stable emulsions within the temperature range of 60-80 °C and undergo demulsification at 20-40 °C. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to assess the impact of emulsifier concentration, water-to-oil ratio, and salt ion concentration on the stability of emulsions formed by these two emulsifiers. The results demonstrated their remarkable emulsification capabilities across diverse oil phases. Notably, the novel emulsifier CS-PSBMA, synthesized through the grafting chitosan (CS) onto PSBMA, not only exhibits superior emulsion stability and UCST temperature responsiveness but also significantly enhanced the salt resistance of the emulsion. Remarkably, the emulsion maintained its stability even in the presence of monovalent salt ions at concentrations up to 2 mol/L (equivalent to a mineralization level of 1.33 × 105 mg/L in water) and divalent salt ions at concentrations up to 3 mol/L (equivalent to a mineralization level of 2.7 × 105 mg/L in water). The emulsions stabilized by both emulsifiers are resilient to harsh reservoir conditions and effectively emulsify heavy oils, enabling high-temperature emulsification and low-temperature demulsification. These attributes indicate their promising potential for industrial applications, particularly in the field of enhanced oil recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Junjie Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Jianwen Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Shuangqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Institute of Advanced Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
| | - Songqing Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Institute of Advanced Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Chunling Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Institute of Advanced Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Institute of Advanced Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Ekemini Ituen
- Materials and Oilfield Chemistry Research Group, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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Zhou J, Huang Q, Zhang L, Tan J. Exploiting the Monomer-Feeding Mechanism of RAFT Emulsion Polymerization for Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of Asymmetric Divinyl Monomers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1457-1465. [PMID: 37844283 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
We exploited the monomer-feeding mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization to achieve the successful polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of asymmetric divinyl monomers. Colloidally stable cross-linked block copolymer nanoparticles with various morphologies, such as vesicles, were directly prepared at high solids. Morphologies of the cross-linked block copolymer nanoparticles could be controlled by varying the monomer concentration, degree of polymerization (DP) of the core-forming block, and length of the macro-RAFT agent. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization confirmed the presence of unreacted vinyl groups within the obtained block copolymer nanoparticles, providing a landscape for further functionalization via thiol-ene chemistry. Finally, the obtained block copolymer nanoparticles were employed as additives to tune the mechanical properties of hydrogels. We expect that this study not only offers considerable opportunities for the preparation of well-defined cross-linked block copolymer nanoparticles, but also provides important insights into the controlled polymerization of multivinyl monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Zhou
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Wu Z, Fang W, Wu C, Corrigan N, Zhang T, Xu S, Boyer C. An aqueous photo-controlled polymerization under NIR wavelengths: synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles through thick barriers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11519-11532. [PMID: 36320386 PMCID: PMC9555728 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an aqueous and near-infrared (NIR) light mediated photoinduced reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (photo-RAFT) polymerization system using tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcS4 -) as a photocatalyst. Owing to the high catalytic efficiency and excellent oxygen tolerance of this system, well-controlled polyacrylamides, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates were synthesized at fast rates without requiring deoxygenation. Notably, NIR wavelengths possess enhanced light penetration through non-transparent barriers compared to UV and visible light, allowing high polymerization rates through barriers. Using 6.0 mm pig skin as a barrier, the polymerization rate was only reduced from 0.36 to 0.21 h-1, indicating potential for biomedical applications. Furthermore, longer wavelengths (higher λ) can be considered an ideal light source for dispersion photopolymerization, especially for the synthesis of large diameter (d) nanoparticles, as light scattering is proportional to d 6/λ 4. Therefore, this aqueous photo-RAFT system was applied to photoinduced polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA), enabling the synthesis of polymeric nanoparticles with various morphologies, including spheres, worms, and vesicles. Taking advantage of high penetration and reduced light scattering of NIR wavelengths, we demonstrate the first syntheses of polymeric nanoparticles with consistent morphologies through thick barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Wenbo Fang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Tong Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Sihao Xu
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Yang S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Combining Green Light-Activated Photoiniferter RAFT Polymerization and RAFT Dispersion Polymerization for Graft Copolymer Assemblies. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqi Yang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wu J, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Linear and Star Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared by Heterogeneous RAFT Polymerization Using an ω,ω-Heterodifunctional Macro-RAFT Agent. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:910-918. [PMID: 35793539 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an ω,ω-heterodifunctional macromolecular reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (macro-RAFT) agent containing two different RAFT end groups was synthesized and employed to mediate aqueous photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization of a methacrylic monomer. Because of the different RAFT controllability of two RAFT end groups toward methacrylic monomers, the RAFT end group with good controllability dominated the polymerization while the other RAFT end group with poor controllability was unreacted, leading to the formation of linear block copolymers. Because of the unique structure of the linear block copolymers, a diverse set of block copolymer nanoparticles with rich RAFT groups at the interface of the hydrophilic corona/the hydrophobic core were successfully prepared. Finally, μ-A(BC)C miktoarm star block copolymer nanoparticles were prepared by RAFT seeded emulsion polymerization of an acrylic monomer, which enables the further morphological control over polymer nanoparticles. We believe that the utilization of an ω,ω-heterodifunctional macro-RAFT agent in heterogeneous RAFT polymerization will offer considerable opportunities for the rational synthesis of well-defined molecular architectures and polymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Wu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Luo X, Li Z, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Mechanistic Investigation of the Position of Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Groups in Heterogeneous RAFT Polymerization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Luo
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongchuan Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Jia S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Tan J. Polymers with multiple functions: α,ω-macromolecular photoinitiators/chain transfer agents used in aqueous photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of α,ω-functionalized polymers with a photoinitiator end group and a RAFT end group were synthesized and employed as macromolecular photoinitiators/chain transfer agents in aqueous photoinitiated polymerization-induced self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jia
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangzhou 510006, China
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