1
|
Qi X, Xiong X, Cai H, Zhang X, Ma Q, Tan H, Guo X, Lv H. Carbon dots-loaded cellulose nanofibrils hydrogel incorporating Bi 2O 3/BiOCOOH for effective adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of lignin. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122601. [PMID: 39245520 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
A novel photocatalytic adsorbent, a cellulose nanofibrils based hydrogel incorporating carbon dots and Bi2O3/BiOCOOH (designated as CCHBi), was developed to address lignin pollution. CCHBi exhibited an adsorption capacity of 435.0 mg/g, 8.9 times greater than that of commercial activated carbon. This enhanced adsorption performance was attributed to the 3D porous structure constructed using cellulose nanofibrils (CNs), which increased the specific surface area and provided additional sorption sites. Adsorption and photocatalytic experiments showed that CCHBi had a photocatalytic degradation rate constant of 0.0140 min-1, 3.1 times higher than that of Bi2O3/BiOCOOH. The superior photocatalytic performance of CCHBi was due to the Z-scheme photocatalytic system constructed by carbon dots-loaded cellulose nanofibrils and Bi2O3/BiOCOOH, which facilitated the separation of photoinduced charge carriers. Additionally, the stability of CCHBi was confirmed through consecutive cycles of adsorption and photocatalysis, maintaining a removal efficiency of 85 % after ten cycles. The enhanced stability was due to the 3D porous structure constructed by CNs, which safeguarded the Bi2O3/BiOCOOH. This study validates the potential of CCHBi for high-performance lignin removal and promotes the application of CNs in developing new photocatalytic adsorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Haoxuan Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Huiying Lv
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Guo J, Ji Z, Hou J. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Application of Magnetic CoFe 2O 4/Conjugated Poly(vinyl chloride) Derivative Nanocomposite. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:16642-16652. [PMID: 39049623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
CoFe2O4 has potential for application as a magnetically recoverable visible-light photocatalyst, but its photocatalytic activity is encumbered by the high recombination probability of its photogenerated holes (h+) and electrons (e-). This work was undertaken to boost the photocatalysis of CoFe2O4 through coupling with conjugated poly(vinyl chloride) derivative (CPVC). An easily implementable solvothermal-liquid solid mixing-evaporation of the solvent-pyrolysis method was exploited to synthesize CoFe2O4/CPVC nanocomposites. The photocatalytic capabilities of the products were assessed through photocatalyzing the reduction of Cr(VI) under visible-light (λ > 420 nm). The results demonstrate that the optimal CoFe2O4/CPVC nanocomposite (CoFe2O4/CPVC-2) has markedly heightened photocatalytic activity (3.6 times that of CoFe2O4) and competent reusability and is magnetically recoverable. Furthermore, CoFe2O4/CPVC-2 also shows superior performance toward photocatalytic treatment of the diluted Cr(VI)-containing passivation solution of copper alloys. It is deduced based on the photoelectricity measurement results that the increased photocatalysis of CoFe2O4/CPVC-2 is chiefly attributed to its p-n heterojunction structure, which greatly elevates the h+-e- separation and transfer efficiency. When waste PVC plastic films (replacing the new pure PVC powder) were utilized for the synthesis, the obtained CoFe2O4/CPVC nanocomposite exhibited even better photocatalytic activity (4 times that of CoFe2O4). This work not only has made a new magnetically recoverable, efficient visible-light photocatalyst for decontamination of Cr(VI) in water but also is inspirational for recycling PVC plastic waste to produce high-valued visible-light photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhengping Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi X, Xiong X, Liu M, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Jiang P, Wu Y, Guo X, Tong H. Cellulose nanofibril/titanate nanofiber modified with CdS quantum dots hydrogel with 3D porous structure: A stable photocatalytic adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121623. [PMID: 38142100 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
A novel cellulose nanofibril/titanate nanofiber modified with CdS quantum dots hydrogel (CTH) was synthesized as an effective, stable, and recyclable photocatalytic adsorbent using cellulose nanofibril (CN), titanate nanofiber (TN), and CdS quantum dots. Within the CTH structure, CN formed an essential framework, creating a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure that enhanced the specific surface area and provided abundant adsorption sites for Cr(VI). Simultaneously, TN modified with CdS quantum dots (TN-CdS) served as a nanoscale Z-type photocatalyst, facilitating the efficient separation of photoinduced electrons and holes, further increasing the photocatalytic efficiency. The morphological, chemical, and optical properties of CTH were thoroughly characterized. The CTH demonstrated the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of 373.3 ± 14.2 mg/g, which was 3.4 times higher than that of CN hydrogel. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reduction rate constant of the CTH was 0.0586 ± 0.0038 min-1, which was 6.4 times higher than that of TN-CdS. Notably, CTH displayed outstanding stability, maintaining 84.9 % of its initial removal efficiency even after undergoing five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. The remarkable performance of CTH in Cr(VI) removal was attributed to its 3D porous structure, comprising CN and TN-CdS. These findings provide novel insights into developing a stable photocatalytic adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Qi
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Haijie Tong
- Institute of Surface Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Mao L, Wang J, Nie Y, Geng Z, Zhong D, Tan X, Ye J, Yu T. One-Step Fabricated Sn 0 Particle on S-Vacancies SnS 2 to Accelerate Photoelectron Transfer for Sterling Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction in Pure Water Vapor Environment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305727. [PMID: 37699770 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Promoting the proton-coupled electron transfer process in order to solve the sluggish carrier migration dynamics is an efficient way to accelerate the photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCR) process. Herein, through the reduction of Sn4+ by amino and sulfhydryl groups, Sn0 particles are lodged in S-vacancies SnS2 nanosheets. The high conductance of Sn0 particles expedites the collection and transport of photogenerated electrons, activating the surrounding surface of unsaturated sulfur (Sx 2- ) and thus lowering the energy barrier for generation of *COOH. Meanwhile, S-vacancies boost H2 O adsorption while Sx 2- increases CO2 adsorption, as demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT), obtaining a selectivity of 97.88% CO and yield of 295.06 µmol g-1 h-1 without the addition of co-catalysts and sacrificial agents. This work provides a new approach to building a fast electron transfer interface between metal particles and semiconductors, which works in tandem with S-vacancies and Sx 2- to boost the efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO in pure water vapor environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Liang Mao
- School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yu Nie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zikang Geng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Dichang Zhong
- Institute for New Energy Materialsand Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Scienceand Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Ye
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan J, Wu D, Deng X, Zhao Y, Liu C, Liang Q. Carbon Dots as an Electron Acceptor in the ZnIn 2S 4@MIL-88A Heterojunction for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12467-12475. [PMID: 37620251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, visible-light-responsive carbon dots (CDs)/ZnIn2S4@MIL-88A (C/ZI@ML) photocatalysts were successfully prepared through in situ loading CDs and ZnIn2S4 nanosheets on MIL-88A(Fe) to form a ternary heterojunction. The detailed characterization indicated that the two-dimensional ZnIn2S4 nanosheets were uniformly coated on the surface of MIL-88A(Fe), and ZnIn2S4/MIL-88A(Fe) exhibited enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production performance (1259.63 μmol h-1 g-1) compared to that of pristine MIL-88A(Fe) and ZnIn2S4 under visible light illumination. After introduction of CDs into ZnIn2S4/MIL-88A(Fe), the C/ZI@ML catalyst remarkably enhanced the photocatalytic activity and the hydrogen evolution rate of 1C/ZI@ML was up to 3609.23 μmol g-1 h-1. The photoinduced charge carriers of C/ZI@ML can be efficiently separated and migrated because of the close contacted interface, synergistic effect, and suitable band structure. In combination with photoelectrochemical experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, a possible photocatalytic mechanism over C/ZI@ML was proposed. This work demonstrated a facile preparation method for fabricating efficient visible-light-driven heterojunction photocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Fan
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Wu
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzheng Deng
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhai Liu
- China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liang
- Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)-Changzhou University (CZU) Innovation Alliance, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Q, Wang L, Zheng S, Tan M, Yang L, Fu Y, Li Q, Du H, Yang G. The strong interaction and confinement effect of Ag@NH 2-MIL-88B for improving the conversion and durability of photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction in the presence of a hole scavenger. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 451:131149. [PMID: 36924745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selectively regulating active factors in photocatalytic reactions by designing materials is one of the very important factors. Herein, we prepared spindle-like core-shell Ag@NH2-MIL-88B composites (Ag@NM-88) by a two-step hydrothermal method. The as-prepared Ag@NM-88 displayed superior photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction under LED light, compared with the activities of pure NH2-MIL-88B (NM-88) and Ag/NM-88 (Ag was deposited on NH2-MIL-88B). The core-shell structure Ag@NM-88 was not only beneficial to the absorption of light but also beneficial to the separation of photogenerated e- and h+. More importantly, it was further confirmed by active radical capture experiments and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) conversion experiments that the design of the core-shell structure could effectively prevent photogenerated e- from combing with O2 to form •O2-, so that photogenerated e- directly reduced Cr(VI), thereby improving the reaction rate. In addition, it could still maintain good stability after 5 cycles, indicating that the construction of a core-shell structure is also conducive to improving stability. This work provides a strategy for selectively regulating the active components of photocatalysts, and provides new insights into the relationship between interfacial charge transfer and molecular oxygen activation in photocatalytic reduction Cr(VI) systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Longyang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shuzhen Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meng Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lingxuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yangjie Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hao Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guoxiang Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Q, Huang J, Xiao T, Cao L, Liu D, Li X, Niu M, Xu G, Kajiyoshi K, Feng L. V-doped Ni 2P nanoparticle grafted g-C 3N 4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance under visible light. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37194372 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00996c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exploring low-cost and highly active photocatalysts with noble metal-free cocatalysts is of great significance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under simulated sunlight irradiation. In this work, a novel V-doped Ni2P nanoparticle loaded g-C3N4 nanosheet is reported as a highly efficient photocatalyst for H2 evolution under visible light irradiation. The results demonstrate that the optimized 7.8 wt% V-Ni2P/g-C3N4 photocatalyst exhibits a high hydrogen evolution rate of 271.5 μmol g-1 h-1, which is comparable to that of the 1 wt% Pt/g-C3N4 photocatalyst (279 μmol g-1 h-1), and shows favorable hydrogen evolution stability for five successive runs within 20 h. The remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of V-Ni2P/g-C3N4 is mainly due to the enhanced visible light absorption ability, the facilitated separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, the prolonged lifetime of photo-generated carriers and the fast transmission ability of electrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Ting Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Liyun Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Dinghan Liu
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Mengfan Niu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Guoting Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Koji Kajiyoshi
- Kochi Key University, Research Laboratory of Hydrothermal Chemistry, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Liangliang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du Y, Zhang Y, Pu X, Fu X, Li X, Bai L, Chen Y, Qian J. Synthesis of bifunctional NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDH)/Mo-doped g-C 3N 4 electrocatalyst for efficient methanol oxidation and seawater splitting. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137203. [PMID: 36375606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To boost the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) of pristine NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDH), the NiFe-LDH/Mo-doped graphitic carbon nitride (NiFe-LDH/MoCN) heterojunction was synthesized herein through hydrothermal method. The establishment of built-in electric field in NiFe-LDH/MoCN heterojunction enhanced the electrochemical oxidation activities towards both seawater splitting and methanol oxidation, via the improving electrocatalyst surface wettability and conductivity. Almost 10-fold enhancement of turnover frequency (TOF) and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) than pure NiFe-LDH implied more active sites to participate in catalytic reactions via Mo doping and the formation of heterostructure. Moreover, the local charge redistribution demonstrated in the NiFe-LDH/MoCN interface region may favor the adsorption of methanol and OH- in the seawater. The present work may expound the strong coupling interaction and the establishment of built-in electric field in the interface between NiFe-LDH and semiconductor to enhance both methanol oxidation and seawater oxidation for NiFe-LDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yichu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xunchi Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Linqin Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jin Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|