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Zeng C, Xu QD, Liu XL, Yang YY, Hu SM, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Metal-Metal Charge Transfer Properties of a Series of Trinuclear Fe 2 Ru and Corresponding Pentanuclear Fe 2 Ru 2 Ag Cyanido-Bridged Complexes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300433. [PMID: 37526193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of trimetallic cyanidometal-bridged compounds [Men Cp(dppe)FeII -(μ-NC)-RuII (MeOpy)4 -(μ-CN)-FeII (dppe)CpMen ] - [PF6 ]2 (N[PF6 ]2 , n=0, N =1; n=1, N=2; n=3, N=3; Cp=cyclopentadiene, dppe=1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, MeOpy=4-methoxypyridine) and their one- and two-electron oxidized compounds N3+ and N4+ were synthesized and characterized. Meanwhile, a series of corresponding linear cyanido-bridged pentanuclear compounds [Men Cp(dppe)FeIII -(μ-NC)-RuII (MeOpy)4 -(μ-NC)-AgI -(μ-CN)-RuII (MeOpy)4 -(μ-CN)-FeIII (dppe)CpMen ][BF4 ]5 (M[BF4 ]5 , n=0, M=4; n=1, M=5; n=3, M=6) were also obtained and well characterized. The investigations suggest that in the trinuclear system there exists remote interaction between the two Fe centers, but no significant interactions exist across the central silver unit between the metals on the two sides of the silver center in the pentanuclear system. In both the trinuclear N4+ and the pentanuclear M5+ complexes, there exists the neighboring RuII →FeIII MM'CT transitions, and the MM'CT energy in the corresponding trinuclear system is higher than those in the pentanuclear system in which no remote metal-metal interaction occurs. Meanwhile, as the substituted methyl groups on the cyclopentadiene increases, the redox potential of the ruthenium in the trinuclear N4+ series increases, but that in the pentanuclear M5+ complexes decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Dou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Science Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P.R. China
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2
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Ma X, Lin C, Zhu X, Hu S, Sheng T, Wu X. An Unusually Delocalized Mixed‐Valence State of a Cyanidometal‐Bridged Compound Induced by Thermal Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1605-1609. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Science Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Chen‐Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Science Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Xiao‐Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Science Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | | | - Tian‐Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Science Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Xin‐Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Science Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
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3
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Ma X, Lin CS, Zhu XQ, Hu SM, Sheng TL, Wu XT. An Unusually Delocalized Mixed-Valence State of a Cyanidometal-Bridged Compound Induced by Thermal Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Chen-Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | | | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
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4
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Wang CH, Fu S, Huang KL. Three pillared-layered inorganic–organic hybrid polymers with efficient luminescence. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three pillared-layered inorganic–organic hybrid polymers are synthesized via layer diffusion methods, which exhibit efficient luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hai Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Shan Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
| | - Kun-Lin Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
- P. R. China
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5
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Kim W, McClure BA, Edri E, Frei H. Coupling carbon dioxide reduction with water oxidation in nanoscale photocatalytic assemblies. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3221-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00062b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Closing the photosynthetic cycle on the nanometer scale under membrane separation of the half reactions for developing scalable artificial photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooyul Kim
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Beth Anne McClure
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Eran Edri
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Heinz Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
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6
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Thomas RA, Tsai CN, Mazumder S, Lu IC, Lord RL, Schlegel HB, Chen YJ, Endicott JF. Energy Dependence of the Ruthenium(II)-Bipyridine Metal-to-Ligand-Charge-Transfer Excited State Radiative Lifetimes: Effects of ππ*(bipyridine) Mixing. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7393-406. [PMID: 25761649 DOI: 10.1021/jp510949x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The variations in band shape with excited state energy found for the triplet metal to ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) emission spectra of ruthenium-bipyridine (Ru-bpy) chromophores at 77 K have been postulated to arise from excited state/excited state configurational mixing. This issue is more critically examined through the determination of the excited state energy dependence of the radiative rate constants (kRAD) for these emissions. Experimental values for kRAD were determined relative to known literature references for Ru-bpy complexes. When the lowest energy excited states are metal centered, kRAD can be anomalously small and such complexes have been identified using density functional theory (DFT) modeling. When such complexes are removed from the energy correlation, there is a strong (3)MLCT energy-dependent contribution to kRAD in addition to the expected classical energy cubed factor for complexes with excited state energies greater than 10 000 cm(-1). This correlates with the DFT calculations which show significant excited state electronic delocalization between a π(bpy-orbital) and a half-filled dπ*-(Ru(III)-orbital) for Ru-bpy complexes with (3)MLCT excited state energies greater than about 16 000 cm(-1). Overall, this work implicates the "stealing" of emission bandshapes as well as intensity from the higher energy, strongly allowed bpy-centered singlet ππ* excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Thomas
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Chia Nung Tsai
- †Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shivnath Mazumder
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - I Chen Lu
- †Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Richard L Lord
- ∥Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401-9403, United States
| | - H Bernhard Schlegel
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Yuan Jang Chen
- †Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - John F Endicott
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Choudhuri MMR, Behzad M, Al-Noaimi M, Yap GPA, Kaim W, Sarkar B, Crutchley RJ. Variable noninnocence of substituted azobis(phenylcyanamido)diruthenium complexes. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:1508-17. [PMID: 25611997 DOI: 10.1021/ic502487x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic chemistry of substituted 4,4'-azobis(phenylcyanamide) ligands was investigated, and the complexes [{Ru(tpy)(bpy)}2(μ-L)][PF6]2, where L = 2,2':5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-azobis(phenylcyanamido) (Me4adpc(2-)), 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-azobis(phenylcyanamido) (Me2adpc(2-)), unsubstituted (adpc(2-)), 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-azobis(phenylcyanamido) (Cl2adpc(2-)), and 2,2':5,5'-tetrachloro-4,4'-azobis(phenylcyanamido) (Cl4adpc(2-)), were prepared and characterized by cyclic voltammetry and vis-near-IR (NIR) and IR spectroelectrochemistry. The room temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of [{Ru(tpy)(bpy)}2(μ-Me4adpc)](3+) showed an organic radical signal and is consistent with an oxidation-state description [Ru(II), Me4adpc(•-), Ru(II)](3+), while that of [{Ru(tpy)(bpy)}2(μ-Cl2adpc)](3+) at 10 K showed a low-symmetry Ru(III) signal, which is consistent with the description [Ru(III), Cl2adpc(2-), Ru(II)](3+). IR spectroelectrochemistry data suggest that [{Ru(tpy)(bpy)}2(μ-adpc)](3+) is delocalized and [{Ru(tpy)(bpy)}2(μ-Cl2adpc)](3+) and [{Ru(tpy)(bpy)}2(μ-Cl4adpc)](3+) are valence-trapped mixed-valence systems. A NIR absorption band that is unique to all [{Ru(tpy)(bpy)}2(μ-L)](3+) complexes is observed; however, its energy and intensity vary depending on the nature of the bridging ligand and, hence, the complexes' oxidation-state description.
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Woźna A, Kapturkiewicz A. The luminescence properties of the heteroleptic [Re(CO)3(N∩N)Cl] and [Re(CO)3(N∩N)(CH3CN)]+ complexes in view of the combined Marcus–Jortner and Mulliken–Hush formalism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:30468-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05167c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unified description of the radiative kr and non-radiative knr rate constants characterizing the 3*MLCT → S0 processes allows deeper insights into the luminescence properties of the heteroleptic [Re(CO)3(α-diimine)(CH3CN)]+ and [Re(CO)3(α-diimine)Cl] chelates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Woźna
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities
- 08-110 Siedlce
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Kapturkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities
- 08-110 Siedlce
- Poland
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Kamecka A, Kapturkiewicz A. The luminescence properties of heteroleptic [OsCl(CO)(N∩N)(P∩P)]+complexes – radiative and non-radiative deactivation of the excited3*MLCT state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23332-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combined Mulliken–Hush and Marcus–Jortner formalisms have been successfully used in the interpretation of the luminescence properties of the excited3*MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kamecka
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities
- 08-110 Siedlce
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Kapturkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities
- 08-110 Siedlce
- Poland
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10
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Mazumder S, Thomas RA, Lord RL, Schlegel HB, Endicott JF. A density functional theory and spectroscopic study of intramolecular quenching of metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states in some mono-bipyridine ruthenium(II) complexes. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexes [Ru(NCCH3)4bpy]2+ and [Ru([14]aneS4)bpy]2+ ([14]aneS4 = 1,4,8,11-tetrathiacyclotetradecane, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have similar absorption and emission spectra but the 77 K metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state emission lifetime of the latter is less than 0.3% that of the former. Density functional theory modeling of the lowest energy triplet excited states indicates that triplet metal centered (3MC) excited states are about 3500 cm−1 lower in energy than their 3MLCT excited states in both complexes. The differences in excited state lifetimes arise from a much larger coordination sphere distortion for [Ru(NCCH3)4bpy]2+ and the associated larger reorganizational barrier for intramolecular electron transfer. The smaller ruthenium ligand distortions of the [Ru([14]aneS4)bpy]2+ complex are apparently a consequence of stereochemical constraints imposed by the macrocyclic [14]aneS4 ligand, and the 3MC excited state calculated for the unconstrained [Ru(S(CH3)2)4bpy]2+ complex (S(CH3)2 = dimethyl sulfide) is distorted in a manner similar to that of [Ru(NCCH3)4bpy]2+. Despite the lower energy calculated for its 3MC than 3MLCT excited state, [Ru(NCCH3)4bpy]2+ emits strongly in 77 K glasses with an emission quantum yield of 0.47. The emission is biphasic with about a 1 μs lifetime for its dominant (86%) emission component. The 405 nm excitation used in these studies results in a significant amount of photodecomposition in the 77 K glasses. This is a temperature-dependent biphotonic process that most likely involves the bipyridine-radical anionic moiety of the 3MLCT excited state. A smaller than expected value found for the radiative rate constant is consistent with a lower energy 3MC than 3MLCT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivnath Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ryan A. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Dr., Allendale, MI 49401-9403, USA
| | | | - John F. Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Ma X, Lin CS, Hu SM, Tan CH, Wen YH, Sheng TL, Wu XT. Influence of Central Metalloligand Geometry on Electronic Communication between Metals: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, MMCT Properties of Isomeric Cyanido-Bridged Fe2Ru Complexes, and TDDFT Calculations. Chemistry 2014; 20:7025-36. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Endicott JF, Chen YJ. Electronic coupling between metal ions in cyanide-bridged ground state and excited state mixed valence complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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14
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Wächtler M, Guthmuller J, González L, Dietzek B. Analysis and characterization of coordination compounds by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Ma X, Hu SM, Tan CH, Shen CJ, Zhu QL, Wen YH, Fu RB, Sheng TL, Wu XT. Cyanide-bridged dinuclear complexes: Synthesis, characterization and crystal structures. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Weidinger D, Brown DJ, Owrutsky JC. Transient absorption studies of vibrational relaxation and photophysics of Prussian blue and ruthenium purple nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:124510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3564918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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17
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Photoinduced electron transfer from Ru am(m)ine compounds with low-lying ligand field excited states to nanocrystalline TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Allard MM, Odongo OS, Lee MM, Chen YJ, Endicott JF, Schlegel HB. Effects of Electronic Mixing in Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Two Equivalent Acceptor Ligands. Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:6840-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Allard
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Onduru. S. Odongo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Mandy M. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - Yuan-Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R. O. C
| | - John F. Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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Wagnert L, Berg A, Saltsman I, Gross Z, Rozenshtein V. Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of Rhodium(III) Corrole Excited States. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2059-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909967b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linn Wagnert
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alexander Berg
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Irena Saltsman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Zeev Gross
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Vladimir Rozenshtein
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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20
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Bian ZY, Chi SM, Li L, Fu W. Conjugation effect of the bridging ligand on the CO2 reduction properties in difunctional photocatalysts. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7884-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Fornari EC, Marchesi MS, Machado AE, Nikolaou S. Exploring weak interactions to assemble a nitrosyl–ruthenium compound able to release NO under visible light irradiation. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Ondongo OS, Endicott JF. Contrasts between the Vibronic Contributions in the tris-(2,2′-bipyridyl)Osmium(II) Emission Spectrum and the Implications of Resonance-Raman Parameters. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:2818-29. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Onduru S. Ondongo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - John F. Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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23
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Chen YJ, Odongo OS, McNamara PG, Szacilowski KT, Endicott JF. Metal-to-Metal Electron-Transfer Emission in Cyanide-Bridged Chromium−Ruthenium Complexes: Effects of Configurational Mixing Between Ligand Field and Charge Transfer Excited States. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:10921-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8011266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Onduru S. Odongo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Patrick G. McNamara
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Konrad T. Szacilowski
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - John F. Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
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24
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Odongo OS, Heeg MJ, Chen YJ, Xie P, Endicott JF. Effects of Excited State−Excited State Configurational Mixing on Emission Bandshape Variations in Ruthenium−Bipyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7493-511. [DOI: 10.1021/ic7024473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Onduru S. Odongo
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Mary Jane Heeg
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Puhui Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - John F. Endicott
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei Hsien 24205, Taiwan, R.O.C
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SUN Y, CHEN YH, LI YZ, LI YQ, MA FC. Intramolecular Charge Transfer of Carotene-porphyrin-fullerene Triad: Sequential or Superexchange Cechanism. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Chen YJ, Endicott JF, McNamarra PG. Contrasts in the 77 K Emission Spectra, Structures, and Dynamics of Metal-to-Metal and Metal-to-Ligand Charge-Transfer Excited States. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:6748-60. [PMID: 17439271 DOI: 10.1021/jp068781z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 77 K emission spectrum of trans-[(ms-Me6[14]aneN4)Cr(CNRu(NH3)5)2]5+ has components characteristic of ligand field (LF) and metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) excited states (ms-Me6[14]aneN4=5,12-meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). The LF component of the emission is best resolved for irradiations at appreciably higher energies than the MMCT absorption band, while only the MMCT emission is observed for irradiations on the low-energy side of the MMCT absorption band. The LF emission component from this complex has vibronic structure that is very similar to that of the trans-[(ms-Me6[14]aneN4)Cr(CN)2]+ parent, but it is red-shifted by 560 cm-1 and the bandwidths are much larger. The red shift and the larger bandwidths of the ruthenated complex are attributed to configurational mixing between the LF and MMCT excited states, and the inferred mixing parameters are shown to be consistent with the known electron-transfer properties of the Ru(NH3)5 moieties. The MMCT excited-state lifetime is about 1 micros at 77 K and am(m)ine perdeuteration of this complex leads to an isotope effect of kNH/kND approximately 15-20. However, the contribution of the N-H stretching vibration to the emission sideband is too weak for a single vibrational mode model to be consistent with the observed lifetimes or the isotope effect. These features are very similar to those reported previously (J. Phys. Chem. A 2004, 108, 5041) for the MMCT emission of trans-[([14]aneN4)Cr{CNRu(NH3)5}2]5+ ([14]aneN4=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), with the exception that the higher energy LF emission was not well resolved in the earlier work. The energies of the charge transfer absorption and emission maxima of both of these Cr(CN)Ru complexes are very similar to those of [Ru(NH3)4bpy]2+, but the latter has a 50-fold shorter 77 K excited-state lifetime, a 10-fold smaller NH/ND isotope effect, and a very different structure of its vibronic sidebands. Thus, the vibronic sidebands imply that the dominant excited-state distortions are in the metal-ligand vibrational modes for the Cr(CN)Ru complexes and in the bipyridine vibrational modes for the [Ru(NH3)4bpy]2+ complex. While an "equivalent" single vibrational mode model based on the frequencies and amplitudes of the dominant distortion modes is not consistent the observed lifetimes, such models do appear to be a good basis for qualitatively distinguishing different classes of excited-state dynamic behavior. A multimode, multichannel model may be necessary to adequately describe the excited-state dynamics of these simple electron-transfer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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27
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Endicott JF, Chen YJ. Observations concerning light promoted electronic delocalization in covalently linked transition metal complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Endicott JF, Chen YJ. Charge transfer-excited state emission spectra of mono- and bi-metallic coordination complexes: Band shapes, reorganizational energies and lifetimes. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Alborés P, Rossi MB, Baraldo LM, Slep LD. Donor-acceptor interactions and electron transfer in cyano-bridged trinuclear compounds. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:10595-604. [PMID: 17173414 DOI: 10.1021/ic061202k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The NIR donor-acceptor charge transfer (DACT) bands of the series of trinuclear complexes trans-[(NC)5Fe(II/III)(mu-CN)RuIIL4(mu-NC)FeIII(CN)5](5/4-) (L= pyridine, 4-tert-butylpyridine, and 4-methoxypyridine) are analyzed in terms of a simplified molecular orbital picture that reflects the interaction between the donor and acceptor fragments. The degree of electronic coupling between the fragments is estimated by a full fit of the DACT band profiles according to a three-state model inspired in the Mulliken-Hush formalism. The information is complemented with determinations performed on the asymmetric heterotrinuclear species trans-[(NC)5CoIII(mu-CN)RuII(py)4(mu-NC)FeIII(CN)5]4-, whose preparation is reported here for the first time. The analysis of the NIR spectra of the symmetric trans-[(NC)5FeIII(mu-CN)RuIIL4(mu-NC)FeIII(CN)5]4- species reveals a low degree of mixing between the terminal acceptor fragments and the bridging moiety containing RuII, with H12 values between 1.0 x 10(3) and 1.5 x 10(3) cm-1. The reorganization energy contributions seem to be the same for the three species, even when the spectra were recorded in different media. This observation also applies for the CoIII-substituted compound. The computed potential energy surfaces (PES) of the ground state for these complexes show only one stationary point, suggesting that the FeII-RuIII-FeIII (or FeII-RuIII-CoIII) electronic isomers are not thermally accessible. One-electron reduction leads to asymmetric trans-[(NC)5FeII(mu-CN)RuIIL4(mu-NC)FeIII(CN)5]5- compounds with potentially two DACT bands involving the RuII and the FeII donor fragments. These species reveal a similar degree of electronic mixing but the PES shows three minima. We explore the role of the bridging fragment in the long-range thermally induced electron transfer between the distant iron centers. The results suggest that superexchange and hopping might become competitive paths, depending on the substituents in the bridging fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alborés
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bolvin H. Theoretical Determination of the Excited States and of g-Factors of the Creutz−Taube Ion, [(NH3)5−Ru−pyrazine−Ru−(NH3)5]5+. Inorg Chem 2006; 46:417-27. [PMID: 17279820 DOI: 10.1021/ic060816m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Creutz-Taube complex [(NH3)5-Ru-pyrazine-Ru-(NH3)5]5+ is studied using wave function-based methods, namely the CASSCF/MS-CASPT2 method. Spin-orbit effects have been calculated with the SO-RASSI program. The nature of the ground state is analyzed, and all the excited states up to 50,000 cm(-1) are calculated. They form a quasi continuum from 25,000 cm(-1), theoretical bands are assigned to UV-visible spectra, and MCD bands are assigned by calculating transition moments from first principles for both spectroscopies. g-Factors are calculated from first principles and modeled by a model Hamiltonian: they compare well to experimental values and are shown to be the same as in the monomeric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bolvin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, LC 3 - UMR 7177 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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31
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Moran AM, Park S, Scherer NF. Coherent Electronic and Nuclear Dynamics for Charge Transfer in 1-Ethyl-4-(carbomethoxy)pyridinium Iodide. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:19771-83. [PMID: 17020360 DOI: 10.1021/jp062020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although polaronic interactions and states abound in charge transfer processes and reactions, quantitative and separable determination of electronic and nuclear relaxation is still challenging. The present paper employs the amplitudes, polarizations, and phases of four-wave mixing signals to obtain unique dynamical information on relaxation processes following photoinduced charge transfer between iodide and 1-ethyl-4-(carbomethoxy)pyridinium ions. Pump-probe signal amplitudes reveal the coherent coupling of an underdamped 115 cm(-1) nuclear mode to the charge transfer excitation. Assignments of this recurrence to intramolecular vibrational modes of the acceptor and to modulation of the intermolecular donor-acceptor distance are discussed on the basis of a high-level density functional theory normal-mode analysis and previously observed wave packet dynamics of solvated molecular iodine. Nuclear relaxation of the acceptor induces sub-picosecond decay of the pump-probe polarization anisotropy from an initial value of 0.4 to an asymptotic value of -0.05. Electronic structure calculations suggest that relaxation along the torsional coordinate of the ethyl group is the origin of the anisotropy decay. Electric-field-resolved transient grating (EFR-TG) signal fields are obtained by spectral interferometry with a diffractive optic based interferometer. These measurements show that the signal phase and amplitude possess similar dynamics. Model calculations are used to demonstrate how the EFR-TG signal phase yields unique information on transient material resonances located outside the laser pulse spectrum. This effect can be rationalized in that the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear polarization are related by the Kramers-Kronig transformation, which allows the dispersive component of the polarization response to exhibit spectral sensitivity over a larger frequency range than that defined by the absorption bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Moran
- Department of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Chen YJ, Xie P, Heeg MJ, Endicott JF. Influence of the “Innocent” Ligands on the MLCT Excited-State Behavior of Mono(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Complexes: A Comparison of X-ray Structures and 77 K Luminescence Properties. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:6282-97. [PMID: 16878938 DOI: 10.1021/ic0602547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The variations in the nonchromophoric ligands of [Ru(L)4bpy]2+ complexes are shown to result in large changes in emission band shapes, even when the emission energies are similar. These changes in band shape are systematically examined by means of the generation of empirical reorganizational energy profiles (emreps) from the observed emission spectra (Xie, P.; et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 4671), where these profiles provide convenient probes of the differences in distortions from the ground-state structures of the 2,2-bipyridine (bpy) ligands (for distortion modes near 1500 cm(-1)) in the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited states for a series of complexes with the same ruthenium(II) bipyridine chromophore. The bpy ligand is nearly planar in the X-ray structures of the complexes with (L)4 = (NH3)4, triethylenetetraamine (trien), and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane ([12]aneN4). However, for (L)4 = 5,12-rac-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, the X-ray crystal structure shows that the bpy ligand is twisted in the ground state (a result of methyl/bpy stereochemical repulsion) and the emrep amplitude at about 1500 cm(-1) is significantly larger for this structure than for the complex with (L)4 = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, consistent with larger reorganizational energies of the bpy distortion modes in order to form a planar (bpy(-)) moiety in the excited state of the former. The trien and [12]aneN4 complexes have very nearly the same emission energies, yet the 40% smaller vibronic sideband intensity of the latter indicates that the MLCT excited state is significantly less distorted; this smaller distortion and the related shift in the distribution of distortion mode reorganizational energy amplitudes is apparently related to the 36-fold longer lifetime for (L)4 = [12]aneN4 than for (L)4 = trien. For the majority (77%) of the [Ru(L)4bpy]2+ complexes examined, there is a systematic decrease in emrep amplitudes near 1500 cm(-1), consistent with decreasing excited-state distortion, with the excited-state energy as is expected for ground state-excited state configurational mixing in a simple two-state model. However, the complexes with L = [12]aneN4, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododeca-1-ene, and (py)4 all have smaller emrep amplitudes and thus less distorted excited states than related complexes with the same emission energy. The observations are not consistent with simple two-state models and seem to require an additional distortion induced by excited state-excited state configurational mixing in most complexes. Because the stereochemical constraints of the coordinated [12]aneN4 ligand restrict tetragonal distortions around the metal, configurational mixing of the 3MLCT excited state with a triplet ligand-field excited state of Ru(II) could account for some of the variations in excited-state distortion. The large number of vibrational distortion modes and their small vibrational reorganizational energies in these complexes indicate that a very large number of relaxation channels contribute to the variations in 3MLCT lifetimes and that the metal-ligand skeletal modes are likely to contribute to some of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202-3489, USA
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Emission band shape probes of the mixed-valence excited state properties of polypyridyl-bridged bis-ruthenium(II) complexes. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Chen YJ, Xie P, Endicott JF, Odongo OS. Probes of the Metal-to-Ligand Charge-Transfer Excited States in Ruthenium-Am(m)ine-Bipyridine Complexes: The Effects of NH/ND and CH/CD Isotopic Substitution on the 77 K Luminescence. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7970-81. [PMID: 16789787 DOI: 10.1021/jp055561x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ligand perdeuteration on the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited-state emission properties at 77 K are described for several [Ru(L)(4)bpy](2+) complexes in which the emission process is nominally [uIII,bpy-] --> [RuII,bpy]. The perdeuteration of the 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) ligand is found to increase the zero-point energy differences between the ground states and MLCT excited states by amounts that vary from 0 +/- 10 to 70 +/- 10 cm(-1) depending on the ligands L. This indicates that there are some vibrational modes with smaller force constants in the excited states than in the ground states for most of these complexes. These blue shifts increase approximately as the energy difference between the excited and ground states decreases, but they are otherwise not strongly correlated with the number of bipyridine ligands in the complex. Careful comparisons of the [Ru(L)(4)(d(8)-bpy)](2+) and [Ru(L)(4)(h(8)-bpy](2+) emission spectra are used to resolve the very weak vibronic contributions of the C-H stretching modes as the composite contributions of the corresponding vibrational reorganizational energies. The largest of these, 25 +/- 10 cm(-1), is found for the complexes with L = py or bpy/2 and smaller when L = NH(3). Perdeuteration of the am(m)ine ligands (NH(3), en, or [14]aneN(4)) has no significant effect on the zero-point energy difference, and the contributions of the NH stretching vibrational modes to the emission band shape are too weak to resolve. Ligand perdeuteration does increase the excited-state lifetimes by a factor that is roughly proportional to the excited-state-ground-state energy difference, even though the CH and NH vibrational reorganizational energies are too small for nuclear tunneling involving these modes to dominate the relaxation process. It is proposed that metal-ligand skeletal vibrational modes and configurational mixing between metal-centered, bpy-ligand-centered, and MLCT excited states are important in determining the zero-point energy differences, while a large number of different combinations of relatively low-frequency vibrational modes must contribute to the nonradiative relaxation of the MLCT excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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Xie P, Chen YJ, Uddin MJ, Endicott JF. The Characterization of the High-Frequency Vibronic Contributions to the 77 K Emission Spectra of Ruthenium−Am(m)ine−Bipyridyl Complexes, Their Attenuation with Decreasing Energy Gaps, and the Implications of Strong Electronic Coupling for Inverted-Region Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:4671-89. [PMID: 16833808 DOI: 10.1021/jp050263l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The 77 K emission spectra of a series of [Ru(Am)6-2n(bpy)n]2+ complexes (n = 1-3) have been determined in order to evaluate the effects of appreciable excited state (e)/ground state (g) configurational mixing on the properties of simple electron-transfer systems. The principal focus is on the vibronic contributions, and the correlated distortions of the bipyridine ligand in the emitting MLCT excited state. To address the issues that are involved, the emission band shape at 77 K is interpreted as the sum of a fundamental component, corresponding to the {e,0'} --> {g,0} transition, and progressions in the ground-state vibrational modes that correlate with the excited-state distortion. Literature values of the vibrational parameters determined from the resonance-Raman (rR) for [Ru(NH3)4bpy]2+ and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ are used to model the emission spectra and to evaluate the spectral analysis. The Gaussian fundamental component with an energy Ef and bandwidth Deltanu1/2 is deconvoluted from the observed emission spectrum. The first-, second-, and third-order terms in the progressions of the vibrational modes that contribute to the band shape are evaluated as the sums of Gaussian-shaped contributions of width Deltanu1/2. The fundamental and the rR parameters give an excellent fit of the observed emission spectrum of [Ru(NH3)4bpy]2+, but not as good for the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ emission spectrum probably because the Franck-Condon excited state probed by the rR is different in symmetry from the emitting MLCT excited state. Variations in vibronic contributions for the series of complexes are evaluated in terms of reorganizational energy profiles (emreps, Lambdax) derived from the observed spectra, and modeled using the rR parameters. This modeling demonstrates that most of the intensity of the vibronic envelopes obtained from the frozen solution emission spectra arises from the overlapping of first-order vibronic contributions of significant bandwidth with additional convoluted contributions of higher order vibronic terms. The emrep amplitudes of these complexes have their maxima at about 1500 cm(-1) in frozen solution, and Lambdax(max) decreases systematically by approximately 2-fold as Ef decreases from 17,220 for [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to 12,040 cm(-1) for [Ru(NH3)4bpy]2+ through the series of complexes. Corrections for higher order contributions and bandwidth differences based on the modeling with rR parameters indicate that the variations in Lambdax(max) imply somewhat larger decreases in first-order bpy vibrational reorganizational energies. The large attenuation of vibrational reorganizational energies of the [Ru(Am)6-2n(bpy)n]2+ complexes contrasts with the apparent similarity of reorganizational energy amplitudes for the absorption and emission of [Ru(NH3)4bpy]2+. These observations are consistent with increasing and very substantial excited-state/ground-state configurational mixing and decreasing excited-state distortion as Ef decreases, but more severe attenuation for singlet/singlet than triplet/singlet mixing (alphage > alphaeg for the configurational mixing coefficients at the ground-state and excited-state potential energy minima, respectively); it is inferred that 0.18 > or = alphage2 > or = 0.09 for [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and 0.37 > or = alphage2 > or = 0.18 for [Ru(NH3)4bpy]2+ in DMSO/water glasses, where the ranges are based on models that there is or is not a spin restriction on configurational mixing (alphage > alphaeg and alphage = alphaeg), respectively, for these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puhui Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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36
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Cai P, Li MX, Duan CY, Lu F, Guo D, Meng QJ. Syntheses, crystal structure and electrochemical properties of dinuclear ruthenium complexes containing saturated and unsaturated spacers. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b502656c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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