1
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Rosenboom J, Taube F, Teichmeier L, Villinger A, Reinhard M, Demeshko S, Bennati M, Bresien J, Corzilius B, Schulz A. Rational Design of a Phosphorus-Centered Disbiradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318210. [PMID: 38117661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus-centered disbiradicals, in which the radical sites exist as individual spin doublets with weak spin-spin interaction have not been known so far. Starting from monoradicals of the type [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P-R], we have now succeeded in linking two such monoradical phosphorus centers by appropriate choice of a linker. To this end, biradical [⋅P(μ-NTer)2 P⋅] (1) was treated with 1,6-dibromohexane, affording the brominated species {Br[P(μ-NTer)]2 }2 C6 H12 (3). Subsequent reduction with KC8 led to the formation of the disbiradical {⋅[P(μ-NTer)]2 }2 C6 H12 (4) featuring a large distance between the radical phosphorus sites in the solid state and formally the highest biradical character observed in a P-centered biradical so far, approaching 100 %. EPR spectroscopy revealed a three-line signal in solution with a considerably larger exchange interaction than would be expected from the molecular structure of the single crystal. Quantum chemical calculations revealed a highly dynamic conformational space; thus, the two radical sites can approach each other with a much smaller distance in solution. Further reduction of 4 resulted in the formation of a potassium salt featuring the first structurally characterized P-centered distonic radical anion (5- ). Moreover, 4 could be used in small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rosenboom
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Taube
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Leon Teichmeier
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Maik Reinhard
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4/6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- MPINAT, Research Group ESR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4/6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Bennati
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4/6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- MPINAT, Research Group ESR Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Corzilius
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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2
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Galvin CM, Marron DP, Dressel JM, Waymouth RM. Coordination-Induced Bond Weakening and Electrocatalytic Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer of a Ruthenium Verdazyl Complex. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:954-960. [PMID: 38153690 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of the leucoverdazyl ligand 2,4-diisopropyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3(2H)-one VdH to Ru significantly weakens the ligand's N-H bond. Electrochemical measurements show that the metalated leucoverdazyl Ru(VdH)(acetylacetonate)2 RuVdH has a lower pKa (-5 units), BDFE (-7 kcal/mol), and hydricity (-22 kcal/mol) than the free ligand. DFT calculations suggest that the increased acidity is in part attributable to stabilization of the conjugate base Vd-. When free, Vd- distorts to avoid an 8πe- antiaromatic state, but it remains planar when bound to Ru. Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) behavior is observed for both the free and metalated leucoverdazyls. PCET equilibrium between the Vd radical and TEMPOH affords a VdH BDFE that is in good agreement with that obtained from electrochemical methods. RuVd exhibits electrocatalytic PCET donor behavior. Under acidic conditions, it reduces the persistent trityl radical ·CAr3 (Ar = p-tert-butylphenyl) to the corresponding triarylmethane HCAr3 via net 1e-/1H+ transfer from RuVdH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Galvin
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel P Marron
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Julia M Dressel
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Robert M Waymouth
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Lai W, Bu Y, Xiao W, Liu H, Guo J, Zhao L, Yang K, Xie S, Zeng Z. Magnetic Bistability in an Organic Radical-Based Charge Transfer Cocrystal. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24328-24337. [PMID: 37878504 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an organic charge transfer cocrystal complex, consisting of a stable radical TPVr and an electron acceptor TCNQF4, as a rare sort of all-organic-based magnetic bistable materials with a thermally activated magnetic hysteresis loop over the temperature range from 170 to 260 K. Detailed X-ray crystallographic studies and theoretical calculations revealed that while a π-associated radical anion dimer was formed upon an integer charge transfer process from TPVr to the TCNQF4 molecules within the cocrystal lattice, the resulting TCNQF4·- π-dimers were found to exhibit varied intradimer π-stacking distances and singly occupied molecular orbital overlaps at different temperatures, thus yielding two different singlet states with distinct singlet-triplet gaps above and below the loop, which eventually contributed to the thermally excited molecular magnetic bistability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yanru Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Wang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Longfeng Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518000, China
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4
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Calvert ND, Kirby A, Suchý M, Pallister P, Torrens AA, Burger D, Melkus G, Schieda N, Shuhendler AJ. Direct mapping of kidney function by DCE-MRI urography using a tetrazinanone organic radical contrast agent. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3965. [PMID: 37407664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are ongoing global health burdens. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard measure of kidney function, with clinical estimates providing a global assessment of kidney health without spatial information of kidney- or region-specific dysfunction. The addition of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to the anatomical imaging already performed would yield a 'one-stop-shop' for renal assessment in cases of suspected AKI and CKD. Towards urography by DCE-MRI, we evaluated a class of nitrogen-centered organic radicals known as verdazyls, which are extremely stable even in highly reducing environments. A glucose-modified verdazyl, glucoverdazyl, provided contrast limited to kidney and bladder, affording functional kidney evaluation in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and folic acid-induced nephropathy (FAN). Imaging outcomes correlated with histology and hematology assessing kidney dysfunction, and glucoverdazyl clearance rates were found to be a reliable surrogate measure of GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Calvert
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexia Kirby
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mojmír Suchý
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Peter Pallister
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Aidan A Torrens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Dept. Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Dept. Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nicola Schieda
- Dept. Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
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5
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Steen JS, de Vries F, Hjelm J, Otten E. Bipolar Verdazyl Radicals for Symmetrical Batteries: Properties and Stability in All States of Charge. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200779. [PMID: 36317641 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Redox flow batteries based on organic electrolytes are promising energy storage devices, but stable long-term cycling is often difficult to achieve. Bipolar organic charge-storage materials allow the construction of symmetrical flow batteries (i. e., with identical electrolyte composition on both sides), which is a strategy to mitigate crossover-induced degradation. One such class of bipolar compounds are verdazyl radicals, but little is known on their stability/reactivity either as the neutral radical, or in the charged states. Here, we study the chemical properties of a Kuhn-type verdazyl radical (1) and the oxidized/reduced form (1+/- ). Chemical synthesis of the three redox-states provides spectroscopic characterization data, which are used as reference for evaluating the composition of the electrolyte solutions of an H-cell battery during/after cycling. Our data suggest that, rather than the charged states, the decomposition of the parent verdazyl radical is responsible for capacity fade. Kinetic experiments and DFT calculations provide insight in the decomposition mechanism, which is shown to occur by bimolecular disproportionation to form two closed-shell products (leuco-verdazyl 1H and triazole derivative 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelte S Steen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert de Vries
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Hjelm
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage (DTU Energy), Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, Building 310, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Redox-active ligands for chemical, electrochemical, and photochemical molecular conversions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Lipunova GN, Fedorchenko TG, Chupakhin ON. Verdazyls in Coordination Chemistry. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422070065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Kapurwan S, Gupta A, Mondal A, Konar S. Halo‐Substituted Blatter Radicals and Their Role in Modulating Magnetic Interaction in Metal Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kapurwan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri Madhya Pradesh India- 462066
| | - Arindam Gupta
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri Madhya Pradesh India- 462066
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri Madhya Pradesh India- 462066
| | - Sanjit Konar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri Madhya Pradesh India- 462066
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9
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Roseiro P, Ben Amor N, Robert V. Combining Open-Shell Verdazyl Environment and Co(II) Spin-Crossover: Spinmerism in Cobalt Oxoverdazyl Compound. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100801. [PMID: 35212147 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The spin states of a Co(II) oxoverdazyl compound are investigated by means of wavefunction-based calculations. Within a ca. 233 K energy window, the ground state and excited states display a structure-sensitive admixture of low-spin SM = 1/2 in a dominant high-spin SM = 3/2 Co(II) ion as read from localized molecular orbitals. This puzzling spins zoology that results from the coupling between open-shell radical ligands and a spin-crossover metal ion gives rise to this unusual scenario which extends the views in molecular magnetism. In agreement with experimental observation, the low-energy spectroscopy is very sensitive to deformations of the coordination sphere, and a growing admixture of Co(II) low-spin is evidenced from the calculations. In analogy with mesomerism that accounts for charge delocalization, entanglement combines different local spin states to generate a given total spin multiplicity, a spinmerism phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Roseiro
- UMR7177: Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, FRANCE
| | - Nadia Ben Amor
- UMR5626: Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantique, Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, FRANCE
| | - Vincent Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Universit� de Strasbourg, Department of Chemistry, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, FRANCE
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10
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Tan Y, Hsu SN, Tahir H, Dou L, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW. Electronic and Spintronic Open-Shell Macromolecules, Quo Vadis? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:626-647. [PMID: 34982552 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Open-shell macromolecules (i.e., polymers containing radical sites either along their backbones or at the pendant sites of repeat units) have attracted significant attention owing to their intriguing chemical and physical (e.g., redox, optoelectronic, and magnetic) properties, and they have been proposed and/or implemented in a wide range of potential applications (e.g., energy storage devices, electronic systems, and spintronic modules). These successes span multiple disciplines that range from advanced macromolecular chemistry through nanoscale structural characterization and on to next-generation solid-state physics and the associated devices. In turn, this has allowed different scientific communities to expand the palette of radical-containing polymers relatively quickly. However, critical gaps remain on many fronts, especially regarding the elucidation of key structure-property-function relationships that govern the underlying electrochemical, optoelectronic, and spin phenomena in these materials systems. Here, we highlight vital developments in the history of open-shell macromolecules to explain the current state of the art in the field. Moreover, we provide a critical review of the successes and bring forward open opportunities that, if solved, could propel this class of materials in a meaningful manner. Finally, we provide an outlook to address where it seems most likely that open-shell macromolecules will go in the coming years. Our considered view is that the future of radical-containing polymers is extremely bright and the addition of talented researchers with diverse skills to the field will allow these materials and their end-use devices to have a positive impact on the global science and technology enterprise in a relatively rapid manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sheng-Ning Hsu
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hamas Tahir
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Letian Dou
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Borys AM, Clark ER, Saines PJ, Alberola A, Rawson JM. A short, versatile route towards benzothiadiazinyl radicals. Chem Sci 2021; 13:149-158. [PMID: 35059163 PMCID: PMC8694340 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04248c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of substituted 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1-chlorides have been prepared by treatment of N-arylamidines in neat thionyl chloride at reflux. The S(iv) 1-chlorides are readily reduced under mild conditions to persistent 1,2,4-benzothiadiazinyl radicals which have been characterised by EPR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Crystallographic studies on isolated radicals indicate that the radicals dimerise via pancake bonding in the solid-state, resulting in spin-pairing and net diamagnetism. A family of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazinyl radicals are accessible from 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1-chlorides which can be prepared in a single step by treatment of N-arylamidines in neat thionyl chloride at reflux.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andryj M Borys
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent Ingram Building Canterbury Kent CT2 7NH UK
| | - Ewan R Clark
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent Ingram Building Canterbury Kent CT2 7NH UK
| | - Paul J Saines
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent Ingram Building Canterbury Kent CT2 7NH UK
| | | | - Jeremy M Rawson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Windsor 401 Sunset Ave. Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
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12
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Munz D, Meyer K. Charge frustration in ligand design and functional group transfer. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:422-439. [PMID: 37118028 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecules with different resonance structures of similar importance, such as heterocumulenes and mesoionics, are prominent in many applications of chemistry, including 'click chemistry', photochemistry, switching and sensing. In coordination chemistry, similar chameleonic/schizophrenic entities are referred to as ambidentate/ambiphilic or cooperative ligands. Examples of these had remained, for a long time, limited to a handful of archetypal compounds that were mere curiosities. In this Review, we describe ambiphilicity - or, rather, 'charge frustration' - as a general guiding principle for ligand design and functional group transfer. We first give a historical account of organic zwitterions and discuss their electronic structures and applications. Our discussion then focuses on zwitterionic ligands and their metal complexes, such as those of ylidic and redox-active ligands. Finally, we present new approaches to single-atom transfer using cumulated small molecules and outline emerging areas, such as bond activation and stable donor-acceptor ligand systems for reversible 1e- chemistry or switching.
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13
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Chahma M, Riopel R, Arteca G. Synthesis, characterization and modeling of stable radical functionalized monothiophenes. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.1909590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M’hamed Chahma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Remi Riopel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Gustavo Arteca
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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14
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Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions of 5-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-(4-iodophenyl)-3-phenyl-6-vinyl(phenyl)verdazyls: synthetic and theoretical aspects. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Chahma M, Almubayedh S. Synthesis and characterization of terthiophene bearing stable radicals. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a new terthiophene bearing stable radical II is described. Through a cross coupling reaction between 2-tributylstannylthiophene and 6-(2,5-dibromo-thiophene-3-yl)pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (2), 6-[2,2′:5′,2″]terthiophen-3′-ylpyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (3) was prepared. The condensation of 3 with 2, 4-diisopropylcarbonohydrazide bis-hydrochloride affords the heterocyclic tetrazane (4), which was oxidized with 1,4-benzoquinone to form the stable radical II. II characterized by IR, ESR, and cyclic voltammetry. Oxidative electropolymerization of II and its precursor 4 at oxidation peak potential of the terthiophene using cyclic voltammetric scans produces radical functionalized polyterthiophene on a platinum electrode (poly(II)-Pt).
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Affiliation(s)
- M’hamed Chahma
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Somaiah Almubayedh
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Laurentian University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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16
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Magnan F, Dhindsa JS, Anghel M, Bazylewski P, Fanchini G, Gilroy JB. A divergent strategy for the synthesis of redox-active verdazyl radical polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a divergent synthetic strategy based on ATRP and CuAAC chemistry for the production of stable radical polymers. As a proof of concept, we prepare verdazyl radical polymers with properties suitable for use in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Magnan
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Jasveer S. Dhindsa
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Michael Anghel
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Paul Bazylewski
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - Giovanni Fanchini
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
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17
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Massolle A, Neugebauer J. Subsystem density-functional theory for interacting open-shell systems: spin densities and magnetic exchange couplings. Faraday Discuss 2020; 224:201-226. [PMID: 33000819 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the possibility of describing interacting open-shell systems in high-spin and broken-symmetry (BS) states with subsystem density-functional theory (sDFT). This subsystem method typically starts from the electronic-structure results obtained for individual systems, for which the spin states can be individually defined. Through the confining effect of the embedding potential and/or the use of monomer basis sets, these individual spin states can be preserved in sDFT calculations. This offers the possibility of easy convergence to broken-symmetry states with arbitrary local spin patterns. We show that the resulting spin densities are in very good agreement with successfully converged broken-symmetry Kohn-Sham density-functional theory (KS-DFT) calculations. Yet sDFT can even cure those BS cases where KS-DFT suffers from convergence problems or convergence to undesired spin states. In contrast to KS-DFT, the sDFT-results only show a mild exchange-correlation functional dependence. We also show that magnetic coupling constants from sDFT are not satisfactory with standard approximations for the non-additive kinetic energy. When this component is evaluated "exactly", i.e. based on potential reconstruction, however, the magnetic coupling constants derived from spin-state energy differences are greatly improved. Hence, the interacting radicals studied here represent cases where even (semi-)local approximations for the non-additive kinetic-energy potential work well, while the parent energy functionals do not yield satisfactory results for spin-state energy differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Massolle
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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18
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Ovcharenko VI, Kuznetsova OV. New method for the synthesis of heterospin metal complexes with nitroxides. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Ershova IV, Piskunov AV, Cherkasov VK. Complexes of diamagnetic cations with radical anion ligands. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Arczyński M, Pinkowicz D. Influence of the Increasing Number of Organic Radicals on the Structural, Magnetic, and Electrochemical Properties of the Copper(II)-Dioxothiadiazole Family of Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13489-13501. [PMID: 32907320 PMCID: PMC7509843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The preparation, structures, and electrochemical and magnetic properties supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations of three new copper(II) compounds with [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-f][1,10]phenanthroline 1,1-dioxide (td) and its radical anion (td·-) are reported: {[CuIICl(td)](μ-Cl)2[CuIICl(td)]} (1), which incorporates only neutral td ligands; [CuIICl(td·-)(td)]·2MeCN (2), which comprises one neutral td and one radical td·-; and PPN[CuIICl(td·-)2]·2DMA (3), where CuII ions are coordinated by two radical anions td·- (DMA, dimethylacetamide; PPN+, the bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium cation). All three compounds show interesting paramagnetic behavior with low-temperature features indicating significant antiferromagnetic coupling. The magnetic properties of 1 are dominated by CuII···CuII interactions (JCuCu) mediated through the Cl- bridges, while the magnetic properties of 2 and 3 are governed mainly by the td·-···td·- (Jtdtd) and CuII-td·- (JCutd) exchange interactions. The structure of 2 features only two major magnetic coupling pathways enabling the fitting of experimental data with Jtdtd = -36.0(5) cm-1 and JCutd = -12.6(2) cm-1 only. Compound 3 exhibits a complex network of magnetic contacts. Attempt to approximate its magnetic behavior using only a local magnetic contacts model resulted in Jtdtd = -5.6(1) cm-1 and two JCutd constants, -12.4(2) and -22.6(4) cm-1. The experimental fitting is critically compared with the results of broken symmetry density functional theory (BS DFT) calculations for inter- and intramolecular contacts. More consistent results were obtained with the M06 functional as opposed to popular B3LYP, which encountered problems reproducing some of the experimental intermolecular exchange interactions. Electrochemical measurements of 2 and 3 in MeCN showed three reversible nearly overlapping redox peaks appearing in a narrow potential range of -600 to -100 mV vs Fc/Fc+. Small differences between the redox events suggest that such compounds may be good candidates for new switchable materials, where the electron transfer between the metal and the ligand center is triggered by temperature, pressure, or light (valence tautomerism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław Arczyński
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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21
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Kostryukov SG, Chernyaeva OY, Tanaseichuk BS, Kozlov AS, Pryanichnikova MK, Burtasov AA. Triarylverdazyl radicals as promising redox-active components of rechargeable organic batteries. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-020-2905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Rogers FJ, Noble BB, Coote ML. Computational Optimization of Alkoxyamine-based Electrochemical Methylation. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6104-6110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fergus J.M. Rogers
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Benjamin B. Noble
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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23
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Kostryukov SG, Pryanichnikova MK, Kozlov AS, Burtasov AA, Tanaseichuk BS. Synthesis of Verdazyl Radicals with Different Number of
Methylene Fragments in the Internal Conjugated Diyne Moiety and Their Ability to
Solid-State Polymerization. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220050126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Kostryukov SG, Balandina AV, Kozlov AS, Kraynov EV, Pryanichnikova MK, Chernyaeva OY, Akhmatova AA, Lukshina YI. Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of
2-(4-R1-Phenyl)-6-(4-R2-phenyl)-4-phenyl-3,4-dihydro1,2,4,5-tetrazin-1(2H)-yls. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Gilroy JB, Otten E. Formazanate coordination compounds: synthesis, reactivity, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:85-113. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic complexes of an emerging class of chelating N-donor ligands, formazanates, offer a unique combination of structurally tunable coordination modes, redox activity, and optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR), The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747 AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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26
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Rogers FJM, Norcott PL, Coote ML. Recent advances in the chemistry of benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8255-8277. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl, or Blatter radicals, are stable free radicals with customisable magnetic, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and wide-ranging applications in synthesis and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus J. M. Rogers
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Philip L. Norcott
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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27
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Piskunov AV, Meshcheryakova IN, Piskunova MS, Somov NV, Bogomyakov AS, Kubrin SP. Diradical hexacoordinated tin(IV) bis-o-iminobenzosemiquinonates: synthesis, structure and magnetic properties. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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28
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Miao H, Li HQ, Shen FX, Wei HY, Wang BL, Wang XY. A family of lanthanide complexes with a bis-tridentate nitronyl nitroxide radical: syntheses, structures and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10337-10345. [PMID: 31211300 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01397k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eleven new lanthanide complexes based on a bis-tridentate nitronyl nitroxide radical NIT-Pm2Py (2-(4,6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxy-3-oxide), namely (NIT-Pm2Py)Ln(hfac)3 (Ln = Gd (1Gd), Tb (2Tb), Dy (3Dy), Ho (4Ho), Er (5Er), Yb (6Yb)), [(NIT-Pm2Py)Ln2(hfac)6]·xH2O (Ln = Gd (7Gd), Tb (8Tb), Ho (10Ho), x = 0.5 for 7Gd and 1 for 8Tb and 10Ho) and (NIT-Pm2Py)Ln2(hfac)6 (Ln = Dy (9Dy), Er (11Er)) were prepared and characterized. These complexes can be selectively prepared by controlling the reaction ratio of Ln(hfac)3·2H2O to the radical ligand NIT-Pm2Py. Single crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses confirmed that 1Gd-6Yb are isostructural 2p-4f LnIII-radical complexes, in which the NIT-Pm2Py radical acts as a terminal tridentate ligand chelating to one LnIII ion. On the other hand, 7Gd-11Er are isostructural 4f-2p-4f LnIII-radical-LnIII complexes with the NIT-Pm2Py acting as a bridging ligand between two LnIII ions. 7Gd-11Er represent a rare family of complexes showing the NIT bridged 4f-2p-4f three-spin motif. Alternating-current (ac) magnetic susceptibility investigations revealed that complex 6Yb exhibits field-induced frequency dependence, suggesting a possible field-induced single-molecule magnet behavior. Ab initio calculations were performed on all these complexes. The fitting of the magnetic susceptibilities of these complexes indicates weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the LnIII and NIT radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hong-Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Fu-Xing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bao-Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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29
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30
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Piskunov AV, Maleeva AV, Bogomyakov AS, Fukin GK. Bis-o-Semiquinonate Zinc Complexes with the Bidentate N-Donor Ligands: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328419050026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Kumar V, Shova S, Novitchi G, Train C. Exploring the coordination abilities of 1,5-diisopropyl-3-(4′-carboxyphenyl)-6-oxoverdazyl. CR CHIM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Ershova IV, Bogomyakov AS, Fukin GK, Piskunov AV. Features of Magnetic Behavior in the Row of Pentacoordinated Bis‐
o
‐Iminobenzosemiquinonato Metal (Al, Ga, In) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Ershova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 49 Tropinina str., GSP‐445 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Artem S. Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3a Institutskaya str. 630090 Novosibirsk Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 49 Tropinina str., GSP‐445 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
| | - Alexandr V. Piskunov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences 49 Tropinina str., GSP‐445 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia
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33
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Nasani R, Sidharth TNS, Roy S, Mondal A, Rawson JM, Konar S. Probing through-space and through-bond magnetic exchange couplings in a new benzotriazinyl radical and its metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14189-14200. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new Blatter radical and its Zn(ii) (1), Ni(ii) (2) and Co(ii) (3) complexes were isolated. Complex 1 exhibited radical⋯radical antiferromagnetic exchange coupling, whereas complexes 2 and 3 showed ferromagnetic metal–radical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendar Nasani
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | | | - Subhadip Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Arpan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The University of Windsor
- Windsor
- CANADA
| | - Sanjit Konar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal
- Bhopal 462 066
- India
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34
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Lecourt C, Madanamoothoo W, Ferreol V, Bélanger-Desmarais N, Khrouz L, Tommasino JB, Reber C, Desroches C, Luneau D. Mononuclear manganese(iii) complexes with reduced imino nitroxide radicals by single-electron transfer and intermolecular hydrogen bonds as an intramolecular structural driving force. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13378-13387. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02158b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
One-electron transfer from Mn(ii) ions to an imino nitroxide radical gives mononuclear Mn(iii) complexes of the reduced amino imine-oxide form for which crystal structures evidence hydrogen bonds networks acting as a stabilizing driving-force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Lecourt
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
| | - Warren Madanamoothoo
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
| | - Vivian Ferreol
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
| | | | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- Univ Lyon
- ENS de Lyon
- CNRS UMR 5182
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Laboratoire de Chimie
| | - Jean-Bernard Tommasino
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
| | | | - Cédric Desroches
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
| | - Dominique Luneau
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces
- F-69622 Villeurbanne
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35
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Petunin PV, Votkina DE, Trusova ME, Rybalova TV, Amosov EV, Uvarov MN, Postnikov PS, Kazantsev MS, Mostovich EA. Oxidative addition of verdazyl halogenides to Pd(PPh3)4. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to the preparation of stable Pd-substituted verdazyls was developed through the direct oxidative addition of iodoverdazyls to Pd(PPh3)4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Petunin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russia
- Siberian State Medical University
- Tomsk 634050
| | | | | | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Amosov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
| | - Mikhail N. Uvarov
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Siberian Branch
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russia
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 16628
| | - Maxim S. Kazantsev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
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36
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Leckie D, Stephaniuk NT, Arauzo A, Campo J, Rawson JM. Exploring through-bond and through-space magnetic communication in 1,3,2-dithiazolyl radical complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9849-9852. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of the dithiazolyl radical MBDTA leads to strong intramolecular metal–radical magnetic exchange but the strength of the intermolecular exchange coupling is strongly dependent on molecular packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Leckie
- Dept of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
| | | | - Ana Arauzo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Javier Campo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada
- Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon
- CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Jeremy M. Rawson
- Dept of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- The University of Windsor
- Windsor
- Canada
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37
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Exner J, Eusterwiemann S, Janka O, Doerenkamp C, Massolle A, Niehaus O, Daniliuc CG, Pöttgen R, Neugebauer J, Studer A, Eckert H. Antiferromagnetic ordering based on intermolecular London dispersion interactions in amphiphilic TEMPO ammonium salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28979-28983. [PMID: 30452043 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05837g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antiferromagnetic coupling in TEMPO-based radicals can be enhanced via self-assembly through London dispersion interactions in amphiphilic solids. The synthesis, magnetic characterization, and three crystal structures of the solid radical ion salts (R-DMAT-n)X with various counterions X and alkyl chain lengths n are reported. Magnetic susceptibility and absolute EPR signal intensity measurements show singlet-triplet transitions in a number of cases, which is discussed in relation to the crystal structures. Antiferromagnetic ordering effects are sensitive to both the length of the alkyl chain and the counter anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Exner
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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38
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Bonanno NM, Poddutoori PK, Sato K, Sugisaki K, Takui T, Lough AJ, Lemaire MT. Reversible Solution π-Dimerization and Long Multicenter Bonding in a Stable Phenoxyl Radical. Chemistry 2018; 24:14906-14910. [PMID: 30040151 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reversible solution π-dimerization is observed in the stable neutral phenoxyl radical 2,6-bis-(8-quinolylamino)-4-(tert-butyl)phenoxyl baqp and is spectroscopically characterized. This behavior, not previously observed for π-extended phenoxyl radicals, is relevant to the formation of long multicenter bonding in the π-dimer at low temperature akin to previously reported phenalenyl radicals. Our experimental data are supported in a quantitative manner by results from density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular orbital theory calculations. Our theoretical results indicate that the solution dimer features strong bonding interactions between the two phenoxyl rings but that the stability of the dimer is also related to dispersion interactions between the flanking nearly parallel quinolyl rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico M Bonanno
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St.Catharines, Ontario, L2S3A1, Canada
| | - Prashanth K Poddutoori
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,Research Support Department/University Research Administrator Centre, University Administration Division, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Alan J Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Martin T Lemaire
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St.Catharines, Ontario, L2S3A1, Canada
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Eusterwiemann S, Doerenkamp C, Dresselhaus T, Janka O, Daniliuc CG, Pöttgen R, Studer A, Eckert H, Neugebauer J. Ferro- or antiferromagnetism? Heisenberg chains in the crystal structures of verdazyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22902-22908. [PMID: 30152489 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we address the question of the origin of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interactions in alkynyl-substituted 1,5-diphenyl-6-oxo verdazyl radicals. While a TMS-alkynyl derivative (3) shows antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures, the corresponding deprotected alkynyl verdazyl (4) shows ferromagnetic interactions. For both compounds, magnetic Heisenberg chains are characteristic, which were studied systematically by means of X-ray crystallography and quantum chemical calculations. Ferromagnetic interactions are rarely found in such radicals. Therefore, uncovering such structure-property relationships is of crucial importance in order to understand and design promising ferromagnetic networks. Using this knowledge, we were able to design and crystallize diyne derivatives showing comparable solid state characteristics and therefore antiferro- and ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain structures. We show that the understanding of such property-structure relationships is adequate for the design of organic-magnetic materials with defined cooperative effects within the class of verdazyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Eusterwiemann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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40
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McKearney D, Choua S, Zhou W, Ganga-Sah Y, Ruppert R, Wytko JA, Weiss J, Leznoff DB. Ring-Oxidized Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine Cations: Structure, Spectroscopy, and Decomposition Behavior. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9644-9655. [PMID: 30009596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bromonium oxidizing agent was used to produce a ring-oxidized zinc phthalocyanine (PcZn), [PcZn(solvent)]•2[BArF4]2 (1·solvent), in good yield. This material is dimeric in the solid state with one axially coordinated solvent [tetrahydrofuran (THF) or 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)] and close intradimer ring-ring distances of 3.18 and 3.136 Å (THF and DME respectively); this proximity facilitates strong antiferromagnetic coupling to yield diamagnetic dimers. 1·THF is present in solution as a monomer and a dimer. In CH2Cl2, the dimer is favored above 0.1 mM, and it is almost exclusively present in solvents with a high dielectric constant such as acetonitrile. The material 1·THF/DME decomposes in DME to a meso-nitrogen-protonated species, [HPcZn(DME)2][BArF4] (2), which was isolated and represents the first example of such a structurally characterized, protonated, unsubstituted PcM complex. A partially oxidized dimer or "pimer" [(PcZn(DME))2]•[BArF4] (3) was also structurally characterized and has a intradimer ring-ring distance of 3.192 Å, similar to 1·THF/DME. Dimer 3 also represents the first isolated PcM-based pimer. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis of a 1.0 mM solution of 1·DME in DME showed the production of 3 over hours by the combination of 1·DME and 2 in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan McKearney
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Institut de Chimie , UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada
| | - Yumeela Ganga-Sah
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada
| | - Romain Ruppert
- Institut de Chimie , UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Jennifer A Wytko
- Institut de Chimie , UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie , UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , 4 rue Blaise Pascal , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Daniel B Leznoff
- Department of Chemistry , Simon Fraser University , Burnaby , British Columbia V5A 1S6 , Canada
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41
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Jobelius H, Wagner N, Schnakenburg G, Meyer A. Verdazyls as Possible Building Blocks for Multifunctional Molecular Materials: A Case Study on 1,5-Diphenyl-3-( p-iodophenyl)-verdazyl Focusing on Magnetism, Electron Transfer and the Applicability of the Sonogashira-Hagihara Reaction. Molecules 2018; 23:E1758. [PMID: 30021960 PMCID: PMC6100452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the use of Kuhn verdazyl radicals as building blocks in multifunctional molecular materials in an exemplary study, focusing on the magnetic and the electron transfer (ET) characteristics, but also addressing the question whether chemical modification by cross-coupling is possible. The ET in solution is studied spectroscopically, whereas solid state measurements afford information about the magnetic susceptibility or the conductivity of the given samples. The observed results are rationalized based on the chemical structures of the molecules, which have been obtained by X-ray crystallography. The crystallographically observed molecular structures as well as the interpretation based on the spectroscopic and physical measurements are backed up by DFT calculations. The measurements indicate that only weak, antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling is observed in Kuhn verdazyls owed to the low tendency to form face-to-face stacks, but also that steric reasons alone are not sufficient to explain this behavior. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that ET reactions proceed rapidly in verdazyl/verdazylium redox couples and that Kuhn verdazyls are suited as donor molecules in ET reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jobelius
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Meyer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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42
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Wilcox DA, Agarkar V, Mukherjee S, Boudouris BW. Stable Radical Materials for Energy Applications. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2018; 9:83-103. [PMID: 29579403 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although less studied than their closed-shell counterparts, materials containing stable open-shell chemistries have played a key role in many energy storage and energy conversion devices. In particular, the oxidation-reduction (redox) properties of these stable radicals have made them a substantial contributor to the progress of organic batteries. Moreover, the use of radical-based materials in photovoltaic devices and thermoelectric systems has allowed for these emerging molecules to have impacts in the energy conversion realm. Additionally, the unique doublet states of radical-based materials provide access to otherwise inaccessible spin states in optoelectronic devices, offering many new opportunities for efficient usage of energy in light-emitting devices. Here, we review the current state of the art regarding the molecular design, synthesis, and application of stable radicals in these energy-related applications. Finally, we point to fundamental and applied arenas of future promise for these designer open-shell molecules, which have only just begun to be evaluated in full.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Wilcox
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;,
| | - Varad Agarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mukherjee
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;,
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;,
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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43
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Fedorchenko TG, Lipunova GN, Shchepochkin AV, Tsmokalyuk AN, Slepukhin PA, Chupakhin ON. Synthesis and properties of 1,3-diphenyl-5-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-6-R-verdazyls. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Bonanno NM, Lough AJ, Lemaire MT. Polynuclear Cu4L4 Copper(II) Aminyl Radical Coordination Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:4837-4840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico M. Bonanno
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Martin T. Lemaire
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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45
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Massolle A, Dresselhaus T, Eusterwiemann S, Doerenkamp C, Eckert H, Studer A, Neugebauer J. Towards reliable references for electron paramagnetic resonance parameters based on quantum chemistry: the case of verdazyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7661-7675. [PMID: 29497710 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05657e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an efficient and accurate computational procedure to calculate properties measurable by EPR spectroscopy. We simulate a molecular dynamics (MD) trajectory by employing the quantum mechanically derived force field (QMDFF) [S. Grimme, J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2014, 10, 4497] and sample the trajectory at different time steps. For each snapshot EPR properties are calculated with a hybrid density functional theory (DFT) method. EPR spectra are simulated based on the averaged results. We applied the strategy to a number of previously published and novel verdazyl radicals, for which we recorded EPR spectra. The resulting simulated spectra are compatible with experiment already before employing an additional fitting step, in contrast to those from single point electronic-structure calculations. After the refinement, the experimental data are excellently reproduced, and the fitted EPR parameters do not deviate much from the calculated ones. This provides confidence in ascribing a direct physical meaning to the refined data in terms of experimental EPR parameters rather than merely considering them as mathematical fit parameters. We also find that couplings to hydrogen nuclei have a significant influence on the spectra of verdazyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Massolle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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46
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Schnakenburg G, Meyer A. Syntheses, spectroscopy, and crystal structures of 3-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-1,5-di-phenyl-formazan and the 3-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-1,5-di-phenyl-verdazyl radical and the crystal structure of the by-product 5-anilino-3-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-1-phenyl-1 H-1,2,4-triazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:292-297. [PMID: 29765709 PMCID: PMC5947789 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The title compounds, C19H15BrN4, C20H16BrN4 and C20H15BrN4, are nitro-gen-rich organic compounds that are related by their synthesis. The verdazyl radical, in which stacking leads to anti-ferromagnetic inter-actions, was reported previously [Iwase et al. (2013 ▸). Phys. Rev. B, 88, 184431]. For this compound, improved structural data and spectroscopic data are presented. The other two compounds have been crystallized for the first time and form stacks of dimers, roughly along the a-axis direction of the crystal. The formazan mol-ecule shows signs of rapid intra-molecular H-atom exchange typical for this class of compounds and spectroscopic data are provided in addition to the crystal structure. The triazole compound appears to be a side-product of the verdazyl synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Schnakenburg
- University of Bonn, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer
- University of Bonn, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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47
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Miyashiro S, Ishii T, Miura Y, Yoshioka N. Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Stable Radical Derivatives Carrying a Phenylacetylene Unit. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020371. [PMID: 29425165 PMCID: PMC6017151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A nitronyl nitroxide derivative, 2-phenylethynyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-oxyl-3-oxide (1), and two verdazyl derivatives carrying a phenylacetylene unit, 1,5-diphenyl-3-phenylethynyl-6-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-2-yl (2) and 1,5-diisopropyl-3-phenylethynyl-6-oxo-1,2,4,5-tetrazin-2-yl (3), were synthesized and their packing structures were studied by X-ray crystallographic analysis and magnetically characterized in the solid state. While 1 and 3 had an isolated doublet spin state, 2 formed an antiferromagnetically coupled pair (2J/kB = −118 K). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the spin density polarized in the phenyl group decreases as the dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and radical plane increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Miyashiro
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Youhei Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Naoki Yoshioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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48
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Mondal D, Majee MC, Kundu S, Mörtel M, Abbas G, Endo A, Khusniyarov MM, Chaudhury M. Dinuclear Iron(III) and Cobalt(III) Complexes Featuring a Biradical Bridge: Their Molecular Structures and Magnetic, Spectroscopic, and Redox Properties. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1004-1016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Mondal
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Mithun Chandra Majee
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Sanchita Kundu
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Max Mörtel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse
1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse
1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Akira Endo
- Department
of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1
Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Marat M. Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse
1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Muktimoy Chaudhury
- Department of Inorganic
Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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49
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Solea AB, Wohlhauser T, Abbasi P, Mongbanziama Y, Crochet A, Fromm KM, Novitchi G, Train C, Pilkington M, Mamula O. Versatile synthesis of chiral 6-oxoverdazyl radical ligands – new building blocks for multifunctional molecule-based magnets. Dalton Trans 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00840j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A versatile synthetic methodology to access two series of chiral verdazyl N,N′-chelate ligands 1 and 2 is presented and their ability to coordinate 3d metal ions is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena B. Solea
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO)
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Tobie Wohlhauser
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO)
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Parisa Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry
- Brock University
- St Catharines
- Canada
| | - Yvan Mongbanziama
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO)
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Crochet
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Katharina M. Fromm
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Fribourg
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Ghenadie Novitchi
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses
- UPR CNRS 3228
- 38042 Grenoble
- France
| | - Cyrille Train
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses
- UPR CNRS 3228
- 38042 Grenoble
- France
| | | | - Olimpia Mamula
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO)
- CH-1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
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50
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Barone V, Cacelli I, Ferretti A. The role of the multiconfigurational character of nitronyl-nitroxide in the singlet–triplet energy gap of its diradicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18547-18555. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02165a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CAS(2,2) reference may not be sufficient for the computation of singlet–triplet energy gap by DDCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivo Cacelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- Pisa
- Italy
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR)
| | - Alessandro Ferretti
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR)
- Area della Ricerca
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
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