1
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Reinhard ME, Sidhu BK, Lozada IB, Powers-Riggs N, Ortiz RJ, Lim H, Nickel R, Lierop JV, Alonso-Mori R, Chollet M, Gee LB, Kramer PL, Kroll T, Raj SL, van Driel TB, Cordones AA, Sokaras D, Herbert DE, Gaffney KJ. Time-Resolved X-ray Emission Spectroscopy and Synthetic High-Spin Model Complexes Resolve Ambiguities in Excited-State Assignments of Transition-Metal Chromophores: A Case Study of Fe-Amido Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17908-17916. [PMID: 38889309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
To fully harness the potential of abundant metal coordination complex photosensitizers, a detailed understanding of the molecular properties that dictate and control the electronic excited-state population dynamics initiated by light absorption is critical. In the absence of detectable luminescence, optical transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy is the most widely employed method for interpreting electron redistribution in such excited states, particularly for those with a charge-transfer character. The assignment of excited-state TA spectral features often relies on spectroelectrochemical measurements, where the transient absorption spectrum generated by a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) electronic excited state, for instance, can be approximated using steady-state spectra generated by electrochemical ligand reduction and metal oxidation and accounting for the loss of absorptions by the electronic ground state. However, the reliability of this approach can be clouded when multiple electronic configurations have similar optical signatures. Using a case study of Fe(II) complexes supported by benzannulated diarylamido ligands, we highlight an example of such an ambiguity and show how time-resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) measurements can reliably assign excited states from the perspective of the metal, particularly in conjunction with accurate synthetic models of ligand-field electronic excited states, leading to a reinterpretation of the long-lived excited state as a ligand-field metal-centered quintet state. A detailed analysis of the XES data on the long-lived excited state is presented, along with a discussion of the ultrafast dynamics following the photoexcitation of low-spin Fe(II)-Namido complexes using a high-spin ground-state analogue as a spectral model for the 5T2 excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Reinhard
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Baldeep K Sidhu
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Issiah B Lozada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Natalia Powers-Riggs
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Robert J Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Hyeongtaek Lim
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Rachel Nickel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 31A Sifton Rd, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Johan van Lierop
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, 31A Sifton Rd, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Leland B Gee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Patrick L Kramer
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sumana L Raj
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Tim B van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - David E Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Kelly J Gaffney
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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2
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Lindh L, Pascher T, Persson S, Goriya Y, Wärnmark K, Uhlig J, Chábera P, Persson P, Yartsev A. Multifaceted Deactivation Dynamics of Fe(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Photosensitizers. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10210-10222. [PMID: 38000043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Excited state dynamics of three iron(II) carbene complexes that serve as prototype Earth-abundant photosensitizers were investigated by ultrafast optical spectroscopy. Significant differences in the dynamics between the investigated complexes down to femtosecond time scales are used to characterize fundamental differences in the depopulation of triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) excited states in the presence of energetically accessible triplet metal-centered (3MC) states. Novel insights into the full deactivation cascades of the investigated complexes include evidence of the need to revise the deactivation model for a prominent iron carbene prototype complex, a refined understanding of complex 3MC dynamics, and a quantitative discrimination between activated and barrierless deactivation steps along the 3MLCT → 3MC → 1GS path. Overall, the study provides an improved understanding of photophysical limitations and opportunities for the use of iron(II)-based photosensitizers in photochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Lindh
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Division of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuel Persson
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yogesh Goriya
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Division of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Peyton BG, Stewart ZJ, Weidman JD, Wilson AK. Tailoring light-induced charge transfer and intersystem crossing in FeCO using time-dependent spin-orbit configuration interaction. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204108. [PMID: 38014783 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time (RT) electronic structure methods provide a natural framework for describing light-matter interactions in arbitrary time-dependent electromagnetic fields (EMF). Optically induced excited state transitions are of particular interest, which require tuned EMF to drive population transfer to and from the specific state(s) of interest. Intersystem crossing, or spin-flip, may be driven through shaped EMF or laser pulses. These transitions can result in long-lived "spin-trapped" excited states, which are especially useful for materials requiring charge separation or protracted excited state lifetimes. Time-dependent configuration interaction (TDCI) is unique among RT methods in that it may be implemented in a basis of eigenstates, allowing for rapid propagation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The recent spin-orbit TDCI (TD-SOCI) enables a real-time description of spin-flip dynamics in an arbitrary EMF and, therefore, provides an ideal framework for rational pulse design. The present study explores the mechanism of multiple spin-flip pathways for a model transition metal complex, FeCO, using shaped pulses designed to drive controlled intersystem crossing and charge transfer. These results show that extremely tunable excited state dynamics can be achieved by considering the dipole transition matrix elements between the states of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Peyton
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Zachary J Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jared D Weidman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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4
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Lee A, Son M, Deegbey M, Woodhouse MD, Hart SM, Beissel HF, Cesana PT, Jakubikova E, McCusker JK, Schlau-Cohen GS. Observation of parallel intersystem crossing and charge transfer-state dynamics in [Fe(bpy) 3] 2+ from ultrafast 2D electronic spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13140-13150. [PMID: 38023502 PMCID: PMC10664481 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02613b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-based charge-transfer complexes represent a broad class of inorganic compounds with diverse photochemical applications. Charge-transfer complexes based on earth-abundant elements have been of increasing interest, particularly the canonical [Fe(bpy)3]2+. Photoexcitation into the singlet metal-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) state is followed by relaxation first to the ligand-field manifold and then to the ground state. While these dynamics have been well-studied, processes within the MLCT manifold that facilitate and/or compete with relaxation have been more elusive. We applied ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to disentangle the dynamics immediately following MLCT excitation of this compound. First, dynamics ascribed to relaxation out of the initially formed 1MLCT state was found to correlate with the inertial response time of the solvent. Second, the additional dimension of the 2D spectra revealed a peak consistent with a ∼20 fs 1MLCT → 3MLCT intersystem crossing process. These two observations indicate that the complex simultaneously undergoes intersystem crossing and direct conversion to ligand-field state(s). Resolution of these parallel pathways in this prototypical earth-abundant complex highlights the ability of 2DES to deconvolve the otherwise obscured excited-state dynamics of charge-transfer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Minjung Son
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Mawuli Deegbey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Matthew D Woodhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Stephanie M Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Hayden F Beissel
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Paul T Cesana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - James K McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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5
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Long CL, Zhang X, Lockard JV. Pushing the heterometal doping limit while preserving long-lived charge separation in a Ti-based MOF photocatalyst. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:194704. [PMID: 37971032 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the nature, dynamics, and reactivity of the photo-induced charge separated excited state in a Fe3+-doped titanium-based metal organic framework (MOF), xFeMIL125-NH2, as a function of iron concentration. The MOF is synthesized with doping levels x = 0.5, 1 and 2 Fe node sites per octameric Ti-oxo cluster and characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance, atomic absorption, and steady state Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For each doping level, time-resolved X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy studies confirm the electron trap site role of the Fe sites in the excited state. Time scan data reveal multiexponential decay kinetics for the charge recombination processes which extend into the microsecond range for all three concentrations. A series of dye photodegradation studies, based on the oxidative decomposition of Rhodamine B, demonstrates the reactivity of the charge separated excited state and the photocatalytic capacity of these MOF materials compared to traditional heterometal-doped semiconductor photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor L Long
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jenny V Lockard
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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6
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Alías-Rodríguez M, Bhattacharyya S, Huix-Rotllant M. Ultrafast Spin Crossover Photochemical Mechanism in [Fe II(2,2'-bipyridine) 3] 2+] Revealed by Quantum Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8571-8576. [PMID: 37725036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of [FeII(2,2'-bipyridine)3]2+ induces a subpicosecond spin crossover transformation from a low-spin singlet to a high-spin quintet state. The mechanism involves metal-centered (MC) and metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) triplet intermediates, but their individual contributions to this efficient intersystem crossing have been object of debate. Employing quantum wavepacket dynamics, we show that MC triplets are catalyzing the transfer to the high-spin state. This photochemical pathway is made possible thanks to bipyridine stretching vibrations, facilitating the conversion between the MLCT bands to such MC triplets. We show that the lifetime of the MLCT states can be increased to tens of picoseconds by breaking the conjugation between pyridine units, which increases the energetic gap between MLCT and MC states. This opens the route for the design of new chelating ligands inducing long-lived MLCT states in iron complexes.
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7
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de Groot LHM, Ilic A, Schwarz J, Wärnmark K. Iron Photoredox Catalysis-Past, Present, and Future. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9369-9388. [PMID: 37079887 PMCID: PMC10161236 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis of organic reactions driven by iron has attracted substantial attention throughout recent years, due to potential environmental and economic benefits. In this Perspective, three major strategies were identified that have been employed to date to achieve reactivities comparable to the successful noble metal photoredox catalysis: (1) Direct replacement of a noble metal center by iron in archetypal polypyridyl complexes, resulting in a metal-centered photofunctional state. (2) In situ generation of photoactive complexes by substrate coordination where the reactions are driven via intramolecular electron transfer involving charge-transfer states, for example, through visible-light-induced homolysis. (3) Improving the excited-state lifetimes and redox potentials of the charge-transfer states of iron complexes through new ligand design. We seek to give an overview and evaluation of recent developments in this rapidly growing field and, at the same time, provide an outlook on the future of iron-based photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H M de Groot
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Ilic
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
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8
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Zobel JP, Kruse A, Baig O, Lochbrunner S, Bokarev SI, Kühn O, González L, Bokareva OS. Can range-separated functionals be optimally tuned to predict spectra and excited state dynamics in photoactive iron complexes? Chem Sci 2023; 14:1491-1502. [PMID: 36794199 PMCID: PMC9906774 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory is an efficient computational tool to investigate photophysical and photochemical processes in transition metal complexes, giving invaluable assistance in interpreting spectroscopic and catalytic experiments. Optimally tuned range-separated functionals are particularly promising, as they were created to address some of the fundamental deficiencies present in approximate exchange-correlation functionals. In this paper, we scrutinize the selection of optimally tuned parameters and its influence on the excited state dynamics, using the example of the iron complex [Fe(cpmp)2]2+ with push-pull ligands. Various tuning strategies are contemplated based on pure self-consistent DFT protocols, as well as on the comparison with experimental spectra and multireference CASPT2 results. The two most promising sets of optimal parameters are then employed to carry out nonadiabatic surface-hopping dynamics simulations. Intriguingly, we find that the two sets lead to very different relaxation pathways and timescales. While the set of optimal parameters from one of the self-consistent DFT protocols predicts the formation of long-lived metal-to-ligand charge transfer triplet states, the set in better agreement with CASPT2 calculations leads to deactivation in the manifold of metal-centered states, in better agreement with the experimental reference data. These results showcase the complexity of iron-complex excited state landscapes and the difficulty of obtaining an unambiguous parametrization of long-range corrected functionals without experimental input.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 191090 ViennaAustria
| | - Ayla Kruse
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 18059 Rostock Germany .,Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock 18051 Rostock Germany
| | - Omar Baig
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 18059 Rostock Germany .,Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock 18051 Rostock Germany
| | - Sergey I. Bokarev
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-2418059 RostockGermany,Chemistry Department, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4Garching 85748Germany
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 19 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Olga S. Bokareva
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-2418059 RostockGermany,Institute of Physics, University of KasselHeinrich-Plett-Straße 4034132 KasselGermany
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9
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Montenegro-Pohlhammer N, Kuppusamy SK, Cárdenas-Jirón G, Calzado CJ, Ruben M. Computational demonstration of isomer- and spin-state-dependent charge transport in molecular junctions composed of charge-neutral iron(II) spin-crossover complexes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1229-1240. [PMID: 36606462 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02598a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry offers a multitude of opportunities towards harnessing functional molecular materials with application propensity. One emerging area of interest is molecular spintronics, in which charge and spin degrees of freedom have been used to achieve power-efficient device architectures. Herein, we show that, with the aid of state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations on designer molecular junctions, the conductance and spin filtering capabilities are molecular structure-dependent. As inferred from the calculations, structural control over the transport can be achieved by changing the position of the thiomethyl (SMe) anchoring groups for Au(111) electrodes in a set of isomeric 2,2'-bipyridine-based metal coordinating ligand entities L1 and L2. The computational studies on heteroleptic iron(II) coordination complexes (1 and 2) composed of L1 and L2 reveal that switching the spin-state of the iron(II) centers, from the low-spin (LS) to high-spin (HS) state, by means of an external electric field stimulus, could, in theory, be performed. Such switching, known as spin-crossover (SCO), renders charge transport through single-molecule junctions of 1 and 2 spin-state-dependent, and the HS junctions are more conductive than the LS junctions for both complexes. Additionally, the LS and HS junctions based on complex 1 are more conductive than those featuring complex 2. Moreover, it is predicted that the spin filtering efficiency (SFE) of the HS junctions strongly depends on the bridging complex geometry, with 1 showing a voltage-dependent SFE, whereas 2 exhibits an SFE of practically 100% over all the studied voltage range. To be pragmatic towards applications, the ligands L1 and L2 and complex 1 have been successfully synthesized, and the spin-state switching propensity of 1 in the bulk state has been elucidated. The results shown in this study might lead to the synthesis and characterization of isomeric SCO complexes with tuneable spin-state switching and charge transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Montenegro-Pohlhammer
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Química Física. Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, s/n., 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Senthil Kumar Kuppusamy
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carmen J Calzado
- Departamento de Química Física. Universidad de Sevilla, c/Profesor García González, s/n., 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre Européen de Sciences Quantiques (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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10
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Kinigstein ED, Otolski C, Jennings G, Doumy G, Walko DA, Zuo X, Guo J, March AM, Zhang X. Asynchronous x-ray multiprobe data acquisition for x-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:014714. [PMID: 36725554 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser pump X-ray Transient Absorption (XTA) spectroscopy offers unique insights into photochemical and photophysical phenomena. X-ray Multiprobe data acquisition (XMP DAQ) is a technique that acquires XTA spectra at thousands of pump-probe time delays in a single measurement, producing highly self-consistent XTA spectral dynamics. In this work, we report two new XTA data acquisition techniques that leverage the high performance of XMP DAQ in combination with High Repetition Rate (HRR) laser excitation: HRR-XMP and Asynchronous X-ray Multiprobe (AXMP). HRR-XMP uses a laser repetition rate up to 200 times higher than previous implementations of XMP DAQ and proportionally increases the data collection efficiency at each time delay. This allows HRR-XMP to acquire more high-quality XTA data in less time. AXMP uses a frequency mismatch between the laser and x-ray pulses to acquire XTA data at a flexibly defined set of pump-probe time delays with a spacing down to a few picoseconds. AXMP introduces a novel pump-probe synchronization concept that acquires data in clusters of time delays. The temporally inhomogeneous distribution of acquired data improves the attainable signal statistics at early times, making the AXMP synchronization concept useful for measuring sub-nanosecond dynamics with photon-starved techniques like XTA. In this paper, we demonstrate HRR-XMP and AXMP by measuring the laser-induced spectral dynamics of dilute aqueous solutions of Fe(CN)6 4- and [FeII(bpy)3]2+ (bpy: 2,2'-bipyridine), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Diego Kinigstein
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Christopher Otolski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Guy Jennings
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94702, USA
| | - Anne Marie March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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11
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Ossinger S, Prescimone A, Häussinger D, Wenger OS. Manganese(I) Complex with Monodentate Arylisocyanide Ligands Shows Photodissociation Instead of Luminescence. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10533-10547. [PMID: 35768069 PMCID: PMC9377510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recently reported
manganese(I) complexes with chelating arylisocyanide
ligands exhibit luminescent metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT)
excited states, similar to ruthenium(II) polypyridine complexes with
the same d6 valence electron configuration used for many
different applications in photophysics and photochemistry. However,
chelating arylisocyanide ligands require substantial synthetic effort,
and therefore it seemed attractive to explore the possibility of using
more readily accessible monodentate arylisocyanides instead. Here,
we synthesized the new Mn(I) complex [Mn(CNdippPhOMe2)6]PF6 with the known ligand CNdippPhOMe2 = 4-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,6-diisopropylphenylisocyanide. This
complex was investigated by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal structure
analysis, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
(HR-ESI-MS) measurements, IR spectroscopy supported by density functional
theory (DFT) calculations, cyclic voltammetry, and time-resolved as
well as steady-state UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The key
finding is that the new Mn(I) complex is nonluminescent and instead
undergoes arylisocyanide ligand loss during continuous visible laser
irradiation into ligand-centered and charge-transfer absorption bands,
presumably owed to the population of dissociative d–d excited
states. Thus, it seems that chelating bi- or tridentate binding motifs
are essential for obtaining emissive MLCT excited states in manganese(I)
arylisocyanides. Our work contributes to understanding the basic properties
of photoactive first-row transition metal complexes and could help
advance the search for alternatives to precious metal-based luminophores,
photocatalysts, and sensors. We
report the synthesis, characterization, and X-ray crystal
structure of an octahedral manganese(I) complex with six monodentate
arylisocyanide ligands that undergoes photoinduced ligand loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Ossinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Dynamics of Spin Crossover Molecular Complexes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101742. [PMID: 35630963 PMCID: PMC9144206 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We review the current understanding of the time scale and mechanisms associated with the change in spin state in transition metal-based spin crossover (SCO) molecular complexes. Most time resolved experiments, performed by optical techniques, rely on the intrinsic light-induced switching properties of this class of materials. The optically driven spin state transition can be mediated by a rich interplay of complexities including intermediate states in the spin state transition process, as well as intermolecular interactions, temperature, and strain. We emphasize here that the size reduction down to the nanoscale is essential for designing SCO systems that switch quickly as well as possibly retaining the memory of the light-driven state. We argue that SCO nano-sized systems are the key to device applications where the “write” speed is an important criterion.
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13
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Nadeem M, Cruddas J, Ruzzi G, Powell BJ. Toward High-Temperature Light-Induced Spin-State Trapping in Spin-Crossover Materials: The Interplay of Collective and Molecular Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9138-9148. [PMID: 35546521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) materials display many fascinating behaviors including collective phase transitions and spin-state switching controlled by external stimuli, e.g., light and electrical currents. As single-molecule switches, they have been fêted for numerous practical applications, but these remain largely unrealized-partly because of the difficulty of switching these materials at high temperatures. We introduce a semiempirical microscopic model of SCO materials combining crystal field theory with elastic intermolecular interactions. For realistic parameters, this model reproduces the key experimental results including thermally induced phase transitions, light-induced spin-state trapping (LIESST), and reverse-LIESST. Notably, we reproduce and explain the experimentally observed relationship between the critical temperature of the thermal transition, T1/2, and the highest temperature for which the trapped state is stable, TLIESST, and explain why increasing the stiffness of the coordination sphere increases TLIESST. We propose strategies to design SCO materials with higher TLIESST: optimizing the spin-orbit coupling via heavier atoms (particularly in the inner coordination sphere) and minimizing the enthalpy difference between the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states. However, the most dramatic increases arise from increasing the cooperativity of the spin-state transition by increasing the rigidity of the crystal. Increased crystal rigidity can also stabilize the HS state to low temperatures on thermal cycling yet leave the LS state stable at high temperatures following, for example, reverse-LIESST. We show that such highly cooperative systems offer a realistic route to robust room-temperature switching, demonstrate this in silico, and discuss material design rationale to realize this.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadeem
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jace Cruddas
- School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Gian Ruzzi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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14
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Reynolds RG, Nguyen HQA, Reddel JCT, Thomson RJ. Recent strategies and tactics for the enantioselective total syntheses of cyclolignan natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:670-702. [PMID: 34664594 PMCID: PMC8957534 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00057h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2021Lignan natural products are found in many different plant species and possess numerous useful biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antitumor activities. Their utility in both traditional and conventional medicine, coupled with their structural diversity has made them popular synthetic targets over many decades. This review specifically addresses the cyclolignan subclass of the family, which possess both a C8-C8' and a C2-C7' linkage between two different phenylpropene units. We present a comprehensive overview of the diverse strategies employed by chemists to achieve enantioselective total syntheses of cyclolignans covering: 2000 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah G Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Huong Quynh Anh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Jordan C T Reddel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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15
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Ridier K, Nicolazzi W, Salmon L, Molnár G, Bousseksou A. Sequential Activation of Molecular and Macroscopic Spin-State Switching within the Hysteretic Region Following Pulsed Light Excitation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105468. [PMID: 34817094 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular spin-crossover (SCO) compounds constitute a promising class of photoactive materials exhibiting efficient photoinduced phase transitions (PIPTs). Taking advantage of the unique, picture-perfect reproducibility of the spin-transition properties in the compound [Fe(HB(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)3 )2 ], the spatiotemporal dynamics of the PIPT within the thermodynamic metastability (hysteretic) region of a single crystal is dissected, using pump-probe optical microscopy. Beyond a threshold laser-excitation density, complete PIPTs are evidenced, with conversion rates up to 200 switched molecules per absorbed photon. It is shown that the PIPT takes place through the sequential activation of two (molecular and macroscopic) switching mechanisms, occurring on sub-microsecond and millisecond timescales, governed by the intramolecular and free energy barriers of the system, respectively. The main finding here is that the thermodynamic metastability has strictly no influence on the sub-millisecond switching dynamics. Indeed, before this millisecond timescale, the response of the crystal to the laser excitation involves a gradual, molecular conversion process, as if there were no hysteresis loop. Consequently, in this regime, even a 100% photoinduced conversion may not give rise to a PIPT. These results provide new insight on the intrinsic dynamical limits of the PIPT, which is an important issue from a technological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Ridier
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - William Nicolazzi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Lionel Salmon
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Gábor Molnár
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31077, France
| | - Azzedine Bousseksou
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31077, France
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16
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Cebrían C, Pastore M, Monari A, Assfeld X, Gros PC, Haacke S. Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Fe(II) Complexes Designed for Solar Energy Conversion: Current Status and Open Questions. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100659. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefan Haacke
- University of Strasbourg: Universite de Strasbourg IPCMS 23, rue du Loess 67034 Strasbourg FRANCE
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17
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Finney BA, Chowdhury SR, Kirkvold C, Vlaisavljevich B. CASPT2 molecular geometries of Fe(II) spin-crossover complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1390-1398. [PMID: 34981806 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04885f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Using fully internally contracted (FIC)-CASPT2 analytical gradients, geometry optimizations of spin-crossover complexes are reported. This approach is tested on a series of Fe(II) complexes with different sizes, ranging from 13 to 61 atoms. A combination of active space and basis set choices are employed to investigate their role in determining reliable molecular geometries. The reported strategy demonstrates that a wave function-based level of theory can be used to optimize the geometries of metal complexes in reasonable times and enables one to treat the molecular geometry and electronic structure of the complexes using the same level of theory. For a series of smaller Fe(II) SCO complexes, strong field ligands in the LS state result in geometries with the largest differences between DFT and CASPT2; however, good agreement overall is observed between DFT and CASPT2. For the larger complexes, moderate sized basis sets yield geometries that compare well with DFT and available experimental data. We recommend using the (10e,12o) active space since convergence to a minimum structure was more efficient than with truncated active spaces despite having similar Fe-ligand bond distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Finney
- University of South Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD, 57069, USA.
| | - Sabyasachi Roy Chowdhury
- University of South Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD, 57069, USA.
| | - Clara Kirkvold
- University of South Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD, 57069, USA.
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- University of South Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD, 57069, USA.
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18
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Sánchez-de-Armas R, Calzado CJ. Spin-crossover Fe(ii) complexes on a surface: a mixture of low-spin and high-spin molecules at low temperature from quantum-chemistry calculations. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of a 2D monolayer of an Fe(ii) SCO complex on Au(111) is studied by quantum chemistry calculations. The results indicate that there exists thermodynamic and kinetic factors favoring the presence of the mixed HS/LS state at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Sánchez-de-Armas
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Sevilla, calle Prof. García González, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen J. Calzado
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Sevilla, calle Prof. García González, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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19
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Ahoulou S, Vilà N, Pillet S, Carteret C, Schaniel D, Walcarius A. Multi-stimuli Photo and Redox-active Nanostructured Mesoporous Silica Films on Transparent Electrodes. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2464-2477. [PMID: 34708493 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Silica matrices hosting transition metal guest complexes may offer remarkable platforms for the development of advanced functional devices. We report here the elaboration of ordered and vertically oriented mesoporous silica thin films containing covalently attached tris(bipyridine)iron derivatives using a combination of electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method and Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. Such a versatile approach is primarily used to bind nitrogen-based chelating ligands such as (4-[(2-propyn-1-yloxy)]4'-methyl-2,2'-bypiridine, bpy') inside the nanochannels. Further derivatization of the bpy'-functionalized silica thin films is then achieved via a subsequent in-situ complexation step to generate [Fe(bpy)2 (bpy')]2+ inside the mesopore channels. After giving spectroscopic evidences for the presence of such complexes in the functionalized film, electrochemistry is used to transform the confined diamagnetic (S=0) F e L S b p y 2 b p y ' 2 + species to paramagnetic (S=1/2) oxidized F e L S b p y 2 b p y ' 3 + species in a reversible way, while blue light irradiation (λ=470 nm) enables populating the short-lived paramagnetic (S=2) F e H S b p y 2 b p y ' 2 + excited state. [Fe(bpy)2 (bpy')]2+ -functionalized ordered films are therefore both electro- and photo-active through the manipulation of the oxidation state and spin state of the confined complexes, paving the way for their integration in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ahoulou
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CRM2 UMR 7036, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Neus Vilà
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Cédric Carteret
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Alain Walcarius
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME UMR 7564, 54000, Nancy, France
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20
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Kožíšek J, Svoboda J, Zedník J, Vlčková B, Šloufová I. Resonance Raman Excitation Profiles of Fe(II)-Terpyridine Complexes: Electronic Effects of Ligand Modifications. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12847-12858. [PMID: 34758623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) complexes are readily used as building blocks in metallo-supramolecular polymers that stand out for their photophysical properties in solar energy assemblies. Furthermore, Resonance Raman (RR) excitation profiles are sensitive indicators of the electronic properties of chromophores. Previously, using RR spectroscopy, we studied the [Fe(tpy)2]2+ complex and metallo-supramolecular polymers formed by tpy derivatives and Fe(II) ions. Here, we compare RR spectra of iron (Fe(II)) complexes with 4'-substituted tpy ligands─[Fe(4'-R-tpy)2]2+, with R = H (1a), Cl (2a), 4-chlorophenyl (3a), and 2-thienyl (4a) to describe changes in their electronic structure after functionalization. By combining theoretical calculations, RR, and UV/vis spectra, we elucidated differences in the RR excitation profiles of 1a, 2a, and 4a complexes. In all Raman modes, complexes 1a and 2a showed maximal enhancement only at 532 nm excitation, whereas complex 4a exhibited maximal enhancement selectively at either 532 or 633 nm excitations. Based on our calculations, the mixed metal/ligand character of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of 4a complex manifests itself through selective enhancement of vibration modes, mainly localized on the 2-thienyl unit at 633 nm excitation, which may explain the unique behavior of this complex. Therefore, complex 4a is a prospective candidate for further detailed photophysical explorations toward developing sensitizers for solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kožíšek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zedník
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Vlčková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Šloufová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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21
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Shapovalova SO, Guda AA, Bubnov MP, Smolentsev G, Rusalev YV, Shapovalov VV, Zolotukhin AA, Cherkasov VK, Starikov AG, Vlasenko VG, Soldatov AV. Temperature and Time-resolved XANES Studies of Novel Valence Tautomeric Cobalt Complex. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. O. Shapovalova
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - A. A. Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - M. P. Bubnov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., GSP-445, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - G. Smolentsev
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Yu. V. Rusalev
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - V. V. Shapovalov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - A. A. Zolotukhin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., GSP-445, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V. K. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Str., GSP-445, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A. G. Starikov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachki ave. 194/2, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - V. G. Vlasenko
- Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Stachki Ave., 194, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - A. V. Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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22
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Huber‐Gedert M, Nowakowski M, Kertmen A, Burkhardt L, Lindner N, Schoch R, Herbst‐Irmer R, Neuba A, Schmitz L, Choi T, Kubicki J, Gawelda W, Bauer M. Fundamental Characterization, Photophysics and Photocatalysis of a Base Metal Iron(II)-Cobalt(III) Dyad. Chemistry 2021; 27:9905-9918. [PMID: 33884671 PMCID: PMC8362051 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new base metal iron-cobalt dyad has been obtained by connection between a heteroleptic tetra-NHC iron(II) photosensitizer combining a 2,6-bis[3-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene]pyridine with 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazol-2-ylidene)-4,4'-bipyridine ligand, and a cobaloxime catalyst. This novel iron(II)-cobalt(III) assembly has been extensively characterized by ground- and excited-state methods like X-ray crystallography, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, (spectro-)electrochemistry, and steady-state and time-resolved optical absorption spectroscopy, with a particular focus on the stability of the molecular assembly in solution and determination of the excited-state landscape. NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy reveal dissociation of the dyad in acetonitrile at concentrations below 1 mM and high photostability. Transient absorption spectroscopy after excitation into the metal-to-ligand charge transfer absorption band suggests a relaxation cascade originating from hot singlet and triplet MLCT states, leading to the population of the 3 MLCT state that exhibits the longest lifetime. Finally, decay into the ground state involves a 3 MC state. Attachment of cobaloxime to the iron photosensitizer increases the 3 MLCT lifetime at the iron centre. Together with the directing effect of the linker, this potentially makes the dyad more active in photocatalytic proton reduction experiments than the analogous two-component system, consisting of the iron photosensitizer and Co(dmgH)2 (py)Cl. This work thus sheds new light on the functionality of base metal dyads, which are important for more efficient and sustainable future proton reduction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Huber‐Gedert
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Michał Nowakowski
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Ahmet Kertmen
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University Poznańul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Natalia Lindner
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University Poznańul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | - Lennart Schmitz
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
| | | | - Jacek Kubicki
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University Poznańul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
| | - Wojciech Gawelda
- Faculty of PhysicsAdam Mickiewicz University Poznańul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2Poznań61-614Poland
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCampus Universitario28049MadridSpain
- IMDEA-NanocienciaCalle Faraday 928049MadridSpain
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department ChemieUniversität PaderbornWarburger Straße 10033098PaderbornGermany
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23
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Nair SS, Bysewski OA, Kupfer S, Wächtler M, Winter A, Schubert US, Dietzek B. Excitation Energy-Dependent Branching Dynamics Determines Photostability of Iron(II)-Mesoionic Carbene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9157-9173. [PMID: 34081456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photoactive metal complexes containing earth-abundant transition metals recently gained interest as photosensitizers in light-driven chemistry. In contrast to the traditionally employed ruthenium or iridium complexes, iron complexes developed to be promising candidates despite the fact that using iron complexes as photosensitizers poses an inherent challenge associated with the low-lying metal-centered states, which are responsible for ultrafast deactivation of the charge-transfer states. Nonetheless, recent developments of strongly σ-donating carbene ligands yielded highly promising systems, in which destabilized metal-centered states resulted in prolonged lifetimes of charge-transfer excited states. In this context, we introduce a series of novel homoleptic Fe-triazolylidene mesoionic carbene complexes. The excited-state properties of the complexes were investigated by time-resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Pump wavelength-dependent transient absorption reveals the presence of distinct excited-state relaxation pathways. We relate the excitation-wavelength-dependent branching of the excited-state dynamics into various reaction channels to solvent-dependent photodissociation following the population of dissociative metal centered states upon excitation at 400 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi S Nair
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Oliver A Bysewski
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC-Jena), Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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24
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Ershova IV, Bogomyakov AS, Kubrin SP, Cherkasov AV, Piskunov AV. Iron(III) Complexes Based on N-Benzylidene-2-Hydroxy-3,5-Di-tert-Butylaniline. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328421010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Palomino CM, Sánchez-de-Armas R, Calzado CJ. Theoretical inspection of the spin-crossover [Fe(tzpy) 2(NCS) 2] complex on Au(100) surface. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:034701. [PMID: 33499621 DOI: 10.1063/5.0036612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the deposition of the spin-crossover [Fe(tzpy)2(NCS)2] complex on the Au(100) surface by means of density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. Two different routes have been employed: low-cost finite cluster-based calculations, where both the Fe complex and the surface are maintained fixed while the molecule approaches the surface; and periodic DFT plane-wave calculations, where the surface is represented by a four-layer slab and both the molecule and surface are relaxed. Our results show that the bridge adsorption site is preferred over the on-top and fourfold hollow ones for both spin states, although they are energetically close. The LS molecule is stabilized by the surface, and the HS-LS energy difference is enhanced by about 15%-25% once deposited. The different Fe ligand field for LS and HS molecules manifests on the composition and energy of the low-lying bands. Our simulated STM images indicate that it is possible to distinguish the spin state of the deposited molecules by tuning the bias voltage of the STM tip. Finally, it should be noted that the use of a reduced size cluster to simulate the Au(100) surface proves to be a low-cost and reliable strategy, providing results in good agreement with those resulting from state-of-the-art periodic calculations for this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Palomino
- Departamento de Química Física, c/Profesor García González, s/n 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Carmen J Calzado
- Departamento de Química Física, c/Profesor García González, s/n 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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26
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Abstract
Coordination compounds, characterized by fascinating and tunable electronic properties, are capable of binding easily to proteins, polymers, wires and DNA. Upon irradiation, these molecular systems develop functions finding applications in solar cells, photocatalysis, luminescent and conformational probes, electron transfer triggers and diagnostic or therapeutic tools. The control of these functions is activated by the light wavelength, the metal/ligand cooperation and the environment within the first picoseconds (ps). After a brief summary of the theoretical background, this perspective reviews case studies, from 1st row to 3rd row transition metal complexes, that illustrate how spin-orbit, vibronic coupling and quantum effects drive the photophysics of this class of molecules at the early stage of the photoinduced elementary processes within the fs-ps time scale range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR7177, Institut Le Bel, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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27
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Chábera P, Lindh L, Rosemann NW, Prakash O, Uhlig J, Yartsev A, Wärnmark K, Sundström V, Persson P. Photofunctionality of iron(III) N-heterocyclic carbenes and related d transition metal complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Aydogan A, Bangle RE, De Kreijger S, Dickenson JC, Singleton ML, Cauët E, Cadranel A, Meyer GJ, Elias B, Sampaio RN, Troian-Gautier L. Mechanistic investigation of a visible light mediated dehalogenation/cyclisation reaction using iron( iii), iridium( iii) and ruthenium( ii) photosensitizers. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01771c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The identification of reaction mechanisms unique to the iron, ruthenium, and iridium PS represents progress towards the long-sought goal of utilizing earth-abundant, first-row transition metals for emerging energy and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Aydogan
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rachel E. Bangle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Simon De Kreijger
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - John C. Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Michael L. Singleton
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emilie Cauët
- Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 av. F. D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3290, USA
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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29
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Nakaya M, Ohtani R, Lindoy LF, Hayami S. Light-induced excited spin state trapping in iron(iii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the correlation of the local and whole molecular structure of iron(iii) complexes with the magnetic properties including the light-induced excited spin-state trapping (LIESST) effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nakaya
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Josai University
- Sakado
- Japan
| | - Ryo Ohtani
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 819-0395
- Japan
| | | | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto 860-8555
- Japan
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30
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Darari M, Francés-Monerris A, Marekha B, Doudouh A, Wenger E, Monari A, Haacke S, Gros PC. Towards Iron(II) Complexes with Octahedral Geometry: Synthesis, Structure and Photophysical Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:E5991. [PMID: 33348914 PMCID: PMC7767130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of ligand-field splitting in iron (II) complexes is critical to slow down the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT)-excited states deactivation pathways. The gap between the metal-centered states is maximal when the coordination sphere of the complex approaches an ideal octahedral geometry. Two new iron(II) complexes (C1 and C2), prepared from pyridylNHC and pyridylquinoline type ligands, respectively, have a near-perfect octahedral coordination of the metal. The photophysics of the complexes have been further investigated by means of ultrafast spectroscopy and TD-DFT modeling. For C1, it is shown that-despite the geometrical improvement-the excited state deactivation is faster than for the parent pseudo-octahedral C0 complex. This unexpected result is due to the increased ligand flexibility in C1 that lowers the energetic barrier for the relaxation of 3MLCT into the 3MC state. For C2, the effect of the increased ligand field is not strong enough to close the prominent deactivation channel into the metal-centered quintet state, as for other Fe-polypyridine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Darari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Antonio Francés-Monerris
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.F.-M.); (A.M.)
- Departament de Química Física, Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Bogdan Marekha
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Abdelatif Doudouh
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.D.); (E.W.)
| | - Emmanuel Wenger
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.D.); (E.W.)
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.F.-M.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefan Haacke
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, F-67034 Strasbourg, France;
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31
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Montenegro‐Pohlhammer N, Sánchez‐de‐Armas R, Calzado CJ. Deposition of the Spin Crossover Fe
II
–Pyrazolylborate Complex on Au(111) Surface at the Molecular Level. Chemistry 2020; 27:712-723. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocío Sánchez‐de‐Armas
- Departamento de Química Física Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, s/n. 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Carmen J. Calzado
- Departamento de Química Física Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, s/n. 41012 Sevilla Spain
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32
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Li Y, Fan X, Wang J, Kong C, Chen J, Wang S, Li H, Bai F, Zhang H. Comparative study on the photophysical properties between carbene‐based Fe (II) and Ru (II) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Wen Fan
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Chui‐Peng Kong
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Shi‐Ping Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Hui‐Cong Li
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Fu‐Quan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Xing Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano‐Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
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33
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Bacellar C, Kinschel D, Mancini GF, Ingle RA, Rouxel J, Cannelli O, Cirelli C, Knopp G, Szlachetko J, Lima FA, Menzi S, Pamfilidis G, Kubicek K, Khakhulin D, Gawelda W, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Biednov M, Bressler C, Arrell CA, Johnson PJM, Milne CJ, Chergui M. Spin cascade and doming in ferric hemes: Femtosecond X-ray absorption and X-ray emission studies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21914-21920. [PMID: 32848065 PMCID: PMC7486745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009490117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure-function relationship is at the heart of biology, and major protein deformations are correlated to specific functions. For ferrous heme proteins, doming is associated with the respiratory function in hemoglobin and myoglobins. Cytochrome c (Cyt c) has evolved to become an important electron-transfer protein in humans. In its ferrous form, it undergoes ligand release and doming upon photoexcitation, but its ferric form does not release the distal ligand, while the return to the ground state has been attributed to thermal relaxation. Here, by combining femtosecond Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) with Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), we demonstrate that the photocycle of ferric Cyt c is entirely due to a cascade among excited spin states of the iron ion, causing the ferric heme to undergo doming, which we identify. We also argue that this pattern is common to a wide diversity of ferric heme proteins, raising the question of the biological relevance of doming in such proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bacellar
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Institut des Sciences et Ingéniéries Chimiques and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Kinschel
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Institut des Sciences et Ingéniéries Chimiques and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia F Mancini
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Institut des Sciences et Ingéniéries Chimiques and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca A Ingle
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Institut des Sciences et Ingéniéries Chimiques and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Rouxel
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Institut des Sciences et Ingéniéries Chimiques and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliviero Cannelli
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Institut des Sciences et Ingéniéries Chimiques and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cirelli
- Swiss Free Electron Laser, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Knopp
- Swiss Free Electron Laser, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Samuel Menzi
- Swiss Free Electron Laser, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Pamfilidis
- Swiss Free Electron Laser, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Wojciech Gawelda
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Mykola Biednov
- European X-ray Free Electron Laser, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Christopher A Arrell
- Swiss Free Electron Laser, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Philip J M Johnson
- Swiss Free Electron Laser, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J Milne
- Swiss Free Electron Laser, Paul-Scherrer-Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, Institut des Sciences et Ingéniéries Chimiques and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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34
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Talotta F, Boggio‐Pasqua M, González L. Early Relaxation Dynamics in the Photoswitchable Complex trans-[RuCl(NO)(py) 4 ] 2. Chemistry 2020; 26:11522-11528. [PMID: 32281169 PMCID: PMC7539916 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The design of photoswitchable transition metal complexes with tailored properties is one of the most important challenges in chemistry. Studies explaining the underlying mechanisms are, however, scarce. Herein, the early relaxation dynamics towards NO photoisomerization in trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)4 ]2+ is elucidated by means of non-adiabatic dynamics, which provided time-resolved information and branching ratios. Three deactivation mechanisms (I, II, III) in the ratio 3:2:4 were identified. Pathways I and III involve ultrafast intersystem crossing and internal conversion, whereas pathway II involves only internal conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Talotta
- lnstitute of Theoretical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 171090ViennaAustria
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, lRSAMCCNRS et Université Toulouse 3118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
- Present Address: Laboratoire de Chimie PhysiqueUMR 8000 CNRS/University Paris-SudUniversity Paris-Saclay, 91403 Orsay, andlnstitut de Sciences Moleculaires d'Orsay, UMR8214 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay91403OrsayFrance
| | - Martial Boggio‐Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, lRSAMCCNRS et Université Toulouse 3118 route de Narbonne31062ToulouseFrance
| | - Leticia González
- lnstitute of Theoretical ChemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 171090ViennaAustria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction DiscoveryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Strasse 171090ViennaAustria
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35
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Iglesias S, Gamonal A, Abudulimu A, Picón A, Carrasco E, Écija D, Liu C, Luer L, Zhang X, Costa JS, Moonshiram D. Tracking the Light-Induced Excited-State Dynamics and Structural Configurations of an Extraordinarily Long-Lived Metastable State at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2020; 26:10801-10810. [PMID: 32452581 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved X-ray (Tr-XAS) and optical transient absorption (OTA) spectroscopy on the pico-microsecond timescale coupled with density functional theory calculations are applied to study the light-induced spin crossover processes of a Fe-based macrocyclic complex in solution. Tr-XAS analysis after light illumination shows the formation of a seven-coordinated high-spin quintet metastable state, which relaxes to a six-coordinated high-spin configuration before decaying to the ground state. Kinetic analysis of the macrocyclic complex reveals an unprecedented long-lived decay lifetime of approximately 42.6 μs. Comparative studies with a non-macrocyclic counterpart illustrate a significantly shortened approximately 568-fold decay lifetime of about 75 ns, and highlight the importance of the ligand arrangement in stabilizing the reactivity of the excited state. Lastly, OTA analysis shows the seven-coordinated high-spin state to be formed within approximately 6.2 ps. These findings provide a complete understanding of the spin crossover reaction and relaxation pathways of the macrocyclic complex, and reveal the importance of a flexible coordination environment for their rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirma Iglesias
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Gamonal
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abasi Abudulimu
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Picón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Carrasco
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Larry Luer
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - José Sánchez Costa
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dooshaye Moonshiram
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en, Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Tang Z, Chang XY, Wan Q, Wang J, Ma C, Law KC, Liu Y, Che CM. Bis(tridentate) Iron(II) Complexes with a Cyclometalating Unit: Photophysical Property Enhancement with Combinatorial Strong Ligand Field Effect. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chensheng Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Chung Law
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Vukadinovic Y, Burkhardt L, Päpcke A, Miletic A, Fritsch L, Altenburger B, Schoch R, Neuba A, Lochbrunner S, Bauer M. When Donors Turn into Acceptors: Ground and Excited State Properties of FeII Complexes with Amine-Substituted Tridentate Bis-imidazole-2-ylidene Pyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8762-8774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Vukadinovic
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ayla Päpcke
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anabel Miletic
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Lorena Fritsch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Björn Altenburger
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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38
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Naumova MA, Kalinko A, Wong JWL, Alvarez Gutierrez S, Meng J, Liang M, Abdellah M, Geng H, Lin W, Kubicek K, Biednov M, Lima F, Galler A, Zalden P, Checchia S, Mante PA, Zimara J, Schwarzer D, Demeshko S, Murzin V, Gosztola D, Jarenmark M, Zhang J, Bauer M, Lawson Daku ML, Khakhulin D, Gawelda W, Bressler C, Meyer F, Zheng K, Canton SE. Exploring the light-induced dynamics in solvated metallogrid complexes with femtosecond pulses across the electromagnetic spectrum. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214301. [PMID: 32505143 DOI: 10.1063/1.5138641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonuclear complexes of d4-d7 transition metal ion centers that undergo spin-switching have long been developed for their practical role in molecular electronics. Recently, they also have appeared as promising photochemical reactants demonstrating improved stability. However, the lack of knowledge about their photophysical properties in the solution phase compared to mononuclear complexes is currently hampering their inclusion into advanced light-driven reactions. In the present study, the ultrafast photoinduced dynamics in a solvated [2 × 2] iron(II) metallogrid complex are characterized by combining measurements with transient optical-infrared absorption and x-ray emission spectroscopy on the femtosecond time scale. The analysis is supported by density functional theory calculations. The photocycle can be described in terms of intra-site transitions, where the FeII centers in the low-spin state are independently photoexcited. The Franck-Condon state decays via the formation of a vibrationally hot high-spin (HS) state that displays coherent behavior within a few picoseconds and thermalizes within tens of picoseconds to yield a metastable HS state living for several hundreds of nanoseconds. Systematic comparison with the closely related mononuclear complex [Fe(terpy)2]2+ reveals that nuclearity has a profound impact on the photoinduced dynamics. More generally, this work provides guidelines for expanding the integration of oligonuclear complexes into new photoconversion schemes that may be triggered by ultrafast spin-switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Naumova
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Kalinko
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanne W L Wong
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sol Alvarez Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mingli Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Huifang Geng
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Weihua Lin
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Zalden
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Jennifer Zimara
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vadim Murzin
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - Jianxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department Chemie and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Max Latevi Lawson Daku
- Département de Chimie Physique, Université de Genève, Quai E. Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Franc Meyer
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sophie E Canton
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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39
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Rankine CD, Madkhali MMM, Penfold TJ. A Deep Neural Network for the Rapid Prediction of X-ray Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4263-4270. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Rankine
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - M. M. M. Madkhali
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. J. Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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40
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Päpcke A, Friedrich A, Lochbrunner S. Revealing the initial steps in homogeneous photocatalysis by time-resolved spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:153001. [PMID: 31801126 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab5ed1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis attracts currently intense research since it can provide efficient routes for generating solar fuels and allows to apply sunlight for an environmentally friendly synthesis of valuable chemical compounds. Accordingly, in future photocatalysis may contribute significantly to a sustainable economy. However, up to now photocatalysis has made it only into some niche applications. The reasons are manifold including too low yields, insufficient stability, and scarce availability of the precious metals and rare earths used in most cases. The design of better systems is the goal of many research activities. They call for a detailed knowledge of the individual steps and the microscopic mechanisms. Time-resolved spectroscopy is a powerful tool to improve our understanding of the individual steps of a photocatalytic process and of the efficiencies and losses associated with them. This allows to address specific weaknesses of the components of a photocatalytic system and to pursue a rational design of the corresponding compounds. In this review an overview is given about what insights can be gained by time-resolved spectroscopy referring mostly to our own results while it has to be stressed that many other groups are also highly successfully working in this area. We restrict ourselves to homogeneous systems which are often easier to analyze and focus on the primary steps occurring after optical excitation. This includes intramolecular relaxation and intersystem crossing in the photosensitizer as well as the first electron transfer step resulting from the interaction of the sensitizer with other components of the system. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy turns out to be particularly helpful in analyzing new photosensitizers based on abundant metals, i.e. copper and iron. These sensitizers can suffer from short lifetimes of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer states which are typically involved in the intermolecular charge transfer processes. The latter are investigated on the pico- to microsecond timescale by quenching experiments making use of a streak camera and by pump-probe spectroscopy applying a YAG-laser system for excitation. The experiments with the streak camera allow to discriminate between oxidative and reductive pathways and to determine the corresponding bimolecular quenching rates which are compared to their diffusion limit to obtain a measure for the quenching efficiency. By applying transient absorption spectroscopy, it is furthermore possible to observe appearing charge transfer products and to determine their concentrations. In this way the efficiency of the electron transfer itself can be deduced and the relevance of lossy quenching events can be estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Päpcke
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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41
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Schoch A, Burkhardt L, Schoch R, Stührenberg K, Bauer M. Hard X-ray spectroscopy: an exhaustive toolbox for mechanistic studies (?). Faraday Discuss 2020; 220:113-132. [PMID: 31532420 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00070d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Established and recent hard X-ray spectroscopic methods in the form of conventional X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS), and the photon-in/photon-out techniques high energy resolution fluorescence detection XANES and valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy (VtC-XES) provide unique opportunities to study mechanisms in metal-organic reactions. The combination of these techniques allows the determination of the local geometric and electronic structures in the form of the numbers of nearest neighbours, their types and distances around an X-ray absorbing atom and the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular levels. Different sample cells for this purpose, which allow high pressure, electrochemical or multi-spectroscopic measurements under inert conditions, are presented and discussed. The potential of HERFD-XANES and VtC-XES to eliminate limitations of conventional EXAFS spectroscopy is established with case studies on the Hieber anion [Fe(CO)3(NO)]- and the iron hydride complex [Fe(CO)H(NO)(PPh3)2]. With VtC-XES the formation of an allyl complex by reaction of [Fe(CO)3(NO)]- in a catalytic nucleophilic substitution reaction can be followed. Combination of HERFD-XANES and VtC-XES allows the identification and investigation of hydride species, as well as their fate in chemical reactions. On the other hand, in order to investigate the active species formation in iron-catalysed cross coupling reactions, conventional XANES and EXAFS are the method of choice for the moment. For all examples, the advantages and limitations of the hard X-ray toolbox are commented on and the value of the individual methods are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schoch
- Paderborn University, Department of Chemistry, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
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42
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Photophysics and Photochemistry of Iron Carbene Complexes for Solar Energy Conversion and Photocatalysis. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10030315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Earth-abundant first row transition metal complexes are important for the development of large-scale photocatalytic and solar energy conversion applications. Coordination compounds based on iron are especially interesting, as iron is the most common transition metal element in the Earth’s crust. Unfortunately, iron-polypyridyl and related traditional iron-based complexes generally suffer from poor excited state properties, including short excited-state lifetimes, that make them unsuitable for most light-driven applications. Iron carbene complexes have emerged in the last decade as a new class of coordination compounds with significantly improved photophysical and photochemical properties, that make them attractive candidates for a range of light-driven applications. Specific aspects of the photophysics and photochemistry of these iron carbenes discussed here include long-lived excited state lifetimes of charge transfer excited states, capabilities to act as photosensitizers in solar energy conversion applications like dye-sensitized solar cells, as well as recent demonstrations of promising progress towards driving photoredox and photocatalytic processes. Complementary advances towards photofunctional systems with both Fe(II) complexes featuring metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states, and Fe(III) complexes displaying ligand-to-metal charge transfer excited states are discussed. Finally, we outline emerging opportunities to utilize the improved photochemical properties of iron carbenes and related complexes for photovoltaic, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic applications.
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43
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Controlling the Lifetime of the Triplet MLCT State in Fe(II) Polypyridyl Complexes through Ligand Modification. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational study is presented in which two strategies of ligand modifications have been explored to invert the relative energy of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and metal-centered (MC) state in Fe(II)-polypyridyl complexes. Replacing the bipyridines by stronger σ donors increases the ligand-field strength and pushes the MC state to higher energy, while the use of ligands with a larger π conjugation leads to lower MLCT energies.
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44
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Hanna L, Long CL, Zhang X, Lockard JV. Heterometal incorporation in NH2-MIL-125(Ti) and its participation in the photoinduced charge-separated excited state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11597-11600. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05339b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
X-ray spectroscopy studies reveal the location and role of Fe3+ sites incorporated in a Ti-based MOF exhibiting photo-induced charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hanna
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
| | - Conor L. Long
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University-Newark
- Newark
- USA
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont
- USA
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45
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Synthesis and structures of two mononuclear iron(ii) complexes derived from polypyridine ligands. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Tumanov SV, Veber SL, Tolstikov SE, Artiukhova NA, Ovcharenko VI, Fedin MV. Exchange interactions in photoinduced magnetostructural states of copper( ii)–nitroxide spin dyads. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5851-5858. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00706d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate intra- and intercluster exchange couplings in photoinduced states of copper(ii)–nitroxide based molecular magnets (“breathing crystals”) using variable-temperature EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Tumanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- 630090 Novosibirsk
| | - Sergey L. Veber
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- 630090 Novosibirsk
| | | | | | | | - Matvey V. Fedin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- 630090 Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- 630090 Novosibirsk
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47
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Farcaș AA, Bende A. Improving the Light-Induced Spin Transition Efficiency in Ni(II)-Based Macrocyclic-Ligand Complexes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234249. [PMID: 31766599 PMCID: PMC6930591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural stability and photoabsorption properties of Ni(II)-based metal-organic complexes with octahedral coordination having different planar ligand ring structures were investigated employing density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent extension (TD-DFT) considering the M06 exchange-correlation functional and the Def2-TZVP basis set. The results showed that the molecular composition of different planar cyclic ligand structures had significant influences on the structural stability and photoabsorption properties of metal-organic complexes. Only those planar ligands that contained aromatic rings met the basic criteria (thermal stability, structural reversibility, and appropriate excitation frequency domain) for light-induced excited spin state trapping, but their spin transition efficiencies were very different. While, in all three aromatic cases, the singlet electronic excitations induced charge distribution that could help in the singlet-to-triplet spin transition, and triplet excitations, which could assist in the backward (triplet-to-singlet) spin transition, was found only for one complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex-Adrian Farcaș
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Street, No. 67-103, Ro-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, Mihail Kogalniceanu Street No. 1, Ro-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Bende
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Street, No. 67-103, Ro-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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48
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Roy Chowdhury S, Mishra S. Light-Induced Spin Crossover in an Intermediate-Spin Penta-Coordinated Iron(III) Complex. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9883-9892. [PMID: 31663743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
(PMe3)2FeCl3 is an Fe(III) complex that exists in the intermediate-spin ground state in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry. An electronic state with high-spin configuration lies in close vicinity to the ground state, making it a potential spin crossover candidate. A mechanistic account of the spin crossover from the lowest quartet state (Q0) to the lowest sextet state (S1) of this complex is provided by exploring both thermal and light-induced pathways. The presence of a large barrier between the two spin states suggests a possible thermal spin crossover at a rather high temperature. The light-induced spin crossover is investigated by employing complete active space self-consistent field calculations together with dynamic correlation and spin-orbit coupling for the lowest seven quartet and lowest five sextet states. The system in the Q0 state upon light absorption is excited to the optically bright Q4 LMCT state. By following minimum energy pathways along the electronic states, two light-induced pathways for spin crossover are identified. From the Q4 state, the system can photo-regenerate the ground intermediate-spin state (Q0) through an internal conversion of Q4/Q3 followed by Q3/S1 and S1/Q0 intersystem crossings. In an alternate route, through Q4/S2 intersystem crossing followed by S2/S1 internal conversion, the system can complete the spin crossover from the Q0 to S1 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
| | - Sabyashachi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur , West Bengal 721302 , India
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49
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Abstract
After presenting the basic theoretical models of excitation energy transfer and charge transfer, I describe some of the novel experimental methods used to probe them. Finally, I discuss recent results concerning ultrafast energy and charge transfer in biological systems, in chemical systems and in photovoltaics based on sensitized transition metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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50
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Tsaturyan AA, Budnyk AP, Ramalingan C. DFT Study of the CNS Ligand Effect on the Geometry, Spin-State, and Absorption Spectrum in Ruthenium, Iron, and Cobalt Quaterpyridine Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10991-11003. [PMID: 31460197 PMCID: PMC6647971 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Geometry parameters, total energy of the system in different spin states, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and absorption spectra were computed for a range of mononuclear quaterpyridine Ru(II), Fe(III/II), and Co(III/II) complexes with two axial ambidentate CNS ligands by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Both structural and electronic properties were found to be correlating with the type of the binding atom in the CNS ligand (isomerization differs by 4-13 kcal·mol-1). The N-bonding of CNS ligands is energetically favored. It was also found that the low spin (LS) state is the ground state for both Ru(II) and Co(III) complexes regardless of the CNS arrangement. The other complexes are the high-spin (HS) ground-state ones with the only exception of the S-bonded CNS isomer of the Fe(III) complex. The dependencies of energy differences between the HS and LS states versus C demonstrated stabilization of the HS state with an increasing amount of the exact exchange admixture (C) for iron and cobalt complexes. An opposite behavior was observed for ruthenium complexes. The best match in harmonic vibrational frequencies between the experimental and calculated values has been reached at C = 0.15 for all the complexes. The absorption profile of the Fe(II) complex with the alternatively bonded CNS ligands strongly depends on the angle between them. The light-harvesting efficiency of the Fe(II) complexes is very similar (∼0.4) and sufficiently close to that of the Ru(II) complexes. The iron-based coordination compounds are considered as a prospective dye for dye-sensitized solar cells. The results of calculations were completed with experimental reference data, thus providing a systematic compendium for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshak A. Tsaturyan
- Institute
of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern
Federal University, Stachki
Av. 194/2, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Andriy P. Budnyk
- Southern
Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 41 Chehova str, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russian
Federation
| | - Chennan Ramalingan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Krishnankoil 626 126 Tamil Nadu, India
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