1
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Gupta D, Lakraychi AE, Boruah BD, De Kreijger S, Troian‐Gautier L, Elias B, De Volder M, Vlad A. Visible‐Light Augmented Lithium Storage Capacity in a Ruthenium(II) Photosensitizer Conjugated with a Dione‐Catechol Redox Couple. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201220. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Institute de la Matière Condense et des Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Alae E. Lakraychi
- Institute de la Matière Condense et des Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Buddha D. Boruah
- Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS United Kingdom
- Institute for Materials Discovery University College London London WC1E 7JE United Kingdom
| | - Simon De Kreijger
- Institute de la Matière Condense et des Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian‐Gautier
- Institute de la Matière Condense et des Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Institute de la Matière Condense et des Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Michael De Volder
- Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FS United Kingdom
| | - Alexandru Vlad
- Institute de la Matière Condense et des Nanosciences (IMCN) Université catholique de Louvain Place L. Pasteur 1 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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2
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Yao CY, Lin HY, Morgenfurt P, Keyes TE, de Silva AP. Multiple Molecular Logic Gate Arrays in One System of (2-(2’-Pyridyl)imidazole)Ru(II) Complexes and Trimeric Cyclophanes in Water. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10856-10867. [PMID: 36320709 PMCID: PMC9491216 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03617g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape-switchable cyclophane hosts allow the controlled capture and release of reactive polypyridineRu(ii) complexes in water. This gives rise to a network of host–guest binding, acid–base reactions in ground and excited states, and chemical redox interconversions. In the case of (2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole)Ru(ii) complexes, several molecular logic gate arrays of varying complexity emerge as a result. Cyclophane-induced ‘off–on’ switching of luminescence in neutral solution is found to originate from two features of these aromatic hosts: enhancement of radiative decay by the polarizable host and the suppression of nonradiative decay involving deprotonation by reducing the water content within the deep host cavity. These are examples of nanometric coordination chemistry/physics being controlled by inclusion in an open box. The aromatic units of the macrocycle are also responsible for the shape-switching mechanism of wall collapse/erection. Transactions of a polypyridineRu(ii) complex with photons, protons and shape-switchable hosts show several types of molecular logic.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Hong-Yu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
| | - Philip Morgenfurt
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - A Prasanna de Silva
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast BT9 5AG UK
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3
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Sales DK, Simplício LM, da Silva CD, Enju CM, Silva VB, Paulo TDF, Santos IP, Quadros HC, Meira CS, Soares MB, Lopes LGDF, de Sousa EH, de Sá DS. A bis-indazolic ruthenium(II) complex: Reactivity and biological studies on cancer cells. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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4
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Biedulska M, Królicka A, Lipińska AD, Krychowiak-Maśnicka M, Pierański M, Grabowska K, Nidzworski D. Physicochemical profile of Os (III) complexes with pyrazine derivatives: From solution behavior to DNA binding studies and biological assay. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Shahroosvand H, Heydari L, Nemati Bideh B, Pashaei B. Molecularly engineered electroplex emission for an efficient near-infrared light-emitting electrochemical cell (NIR-LEC). RSC Adv 2020; 10:14099-14106. [PMID: 35498498 PMCID: PMC9051648 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10761d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroplex emission is rarely seen in ruthenium polypyridyl complexes, and there have been no reports from light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) to date. Here, for the first time, near-infrared (NIR) emission via the electroplex mechanism in a LEC based on a new blend of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes is described. The key factor in the design of the new complexes is the 0.4 V decrease in the oxidation half-potential of Ru(ii)/Ru(iii) in [Ru(DPCO)(bpy)2]ClO4 (DPCO = diphenylcarbazone, bpy = 2,2 bipyridine), which is about one-third of the value for benchmark [Ru(bpy)3](ClO4)2, as well as the long lifetime of excited states of 350-450 ns. The LEC based on the new blend with a narrow band gap (≈1.0 eV) of a Ru(DPCO) complex and Ru(bpy)3 2+ can produce an electroluminescence spectrum centred at about 700 nm, which extends to the NIR region with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.93% at a very low turn-on voltage of 2.6 V. In particular, the very simple LEC structure was constructed from indium tin oxide (anode)/Ru(DPCO):Ru(bpy)3 2+/Ga:In (cathode), avoiding any polymer or transporting materials, as well as replacing Al or Au by a molten alloy cathode. This system has promising applications in the production of LECs via microcontact or inkjet printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Shahroosvand
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran +98-24-33058202 +98-24-33052584
| | - Leyla Heydari
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran +98-24-33058202 +98-24-33052584
| | - Babak Nemati Bideh
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran +98-24-33058202 +98-24-33052584.,Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Babak Pashaei
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran +98-24-33058202 +98-24-33052584
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6
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Nemati Bideh B, Shahroosvand H. A molecularly engineered near-infrared-light-emitting electrochemical cell (NIR-LEC). NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05512f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The simple architecture of the light-emitting electrochemical cell based on a new ruthenium pyridine–phenanthroimidazole emitter was fabricated using ITO and Ga:In as the electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nemati Bideh
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA)
- Chemistry Department
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Hashem Shahroosvand
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA)
- Chemistry Department
- University of Zanjan
- Zanjan
- Iran
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7
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Jesse KA, Filatov AS, Xie J, Anderson JS. Neocuproine as a Redox-Active Ligand Platform on Iron and Cobalt. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9057-9066. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate A. Jesse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Alexander S. Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jiaze Xie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John S. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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8
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Romanova J, Sadik Y, Prabhath MRR, Carey JD, Jarowski PD. Molecular Design of pH-Sensitive Ru(II)-Polypyridyl Luminophores. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4921-4928. [PMID: 31117595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three new [Ru(bpy)2X]+ complex ions, where bpy represents bipyridyl ligand and X denotes pyridyl diazolate or pyrazinyl diazolate coordination site, have been computationally designed and synthesized as pH-sensitive molecules. The choice of pyridyl and pyrazinyl moieties allows for the nitrogen content to vary, whereas the influence of the protonation site is quantified by using 1,2-diazolate and 1,3-diazolate derivatives. The absorption and emission properties of the deprotonated and protonated complex ions were characterized by UV-vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy as well as by time-dependent density functional theory. Protonation causes (1) a strong blue shift in the lowest energy 3MLCT → S0 emission wavelengths, (2) a substantial increase in the emission intensity, and (3) a change in the character of the corresponding 3MLCT emitting states. The blue shift in the emission wavelength becomes less pronounced when the nitrogen content in the X-ligand increases and when going from 1,2- to 1,3-diazolate derivatives. The contrast in the emission intensity of the protonated/deprotonated forms is the highest for the complex ion, containing a 2-pyridyl derivative of the 1,2-diazolate. The complex ions are suggested as potential pH-responsive materials based on change in the color and intensity of the emitted radiation. The broad impact of the research demonstrates that the modification of the nitrogen content and position within the protonable ligands is an effective approach for modulation of the pH-optosensing properties of Ru-polypyridyl complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Romanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Sofia "St. Kliment Ohridski" , 1 James Bourchier Blvd. , Sofia 1164 , Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Peter D Jarowski
- ChemAlive SA , 10 Avenue de la Gare , Lausanne 1003 , Vaud , Switzerland
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9
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Khade RV, Dutta Choudhury S, Pal H, Kumbhar AS. Excited State Interaction of Ruthenium (II) Imidazole Phenanthroline Complex [Ru(bpy) 2 ipH] 2+ with 1,4-Benzoquinone: Simple Electron Transfer or Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer? Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2380-2388. [PMID: 29873437 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The unidirectional proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) from the excited state of Ru(II) imidazole phenanthroline complex [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ to 1,4-benzoquinone, was studied by steady-state (SS) and time-resolved (TR) fluorescence and transient absorption (TA) measurements. The pKa (9.7) and pKa * (8.6) values of the complex suggest that it behaves as a photoacid on excitation. The difference in the quenching rates obtained from SS and TR fluorescence studies indicate participation of both dynamic quenching and static quenching involving the hydrogen bonded ipH ligand of [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ with the 1,4-benzoquinone quencher, formed in the ground state. Within the hydrogen bonded complex, the ruthenium centre acts as the electron donor, while the ipH ligand acts as the proton donor to the hydrogen bonded 1,4-benzoquinone that acts simultaneously both as the electron and proton acceptor. It is proposed that the static quenching in the hydrogen bonded [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ -1,4-benzoquinone pairs occurs involving the PCET mechanism, while the dynamic quenching occurs through the simple ET mechanism, on diffusional encounter of the isolated 1,4-benzoquinone with the excited [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ complex. The occurrence of broad TA bands around 420-430 nm suggests formation of both 1,4-benzoquinone radical anion as well as the 1,4-benzosemiquinone radical by the interaction of excited [Ru(bpy)2 ipH]2+ with 1,4-benzoquinone, thus supporting the ET process in the studied system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul V Khade
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | | | - Haridas Pal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Avinash S Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
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10
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Wilken M, Würtele C, Kügler M, Chrobak F, Siewert I. Thermochemistry of a Cobalt Complex with Ionisable Pyrazole Protons. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Wilken
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christian Würtele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Merle Kügler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Frank Chrobak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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11
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Viere EJ, Kuhn AE, Roeder MH, Piro NA, Kassel WS, Dudley TJ, Paul JJ. Spectroelectrochemical studies of a ruthenium complex containing the pH sensitive 4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine ligand. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:4149-4161. [PMID: 29473071 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Attaining high oxidation states at the metal center of transition metal complexes is a key design principle for many catalytic processes. One way to support high oxidation state chemistry is to utilize ligands that are electron-donating in nature. Understanding the structural and electronic changes of metal complexes as higher oxidation states are reached is critical towards designing more robust catalysts that are able to turn over at high rates without decomposing. To this end, we report herein the changes in structural and electronic properties as [Ru(bpy)2(44'bpy(OH)2)]2+ is oxidized to [Ru(bpy)2(44'bpy(OH)2)]3+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; 44'bpy(OH)2 = 4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine). The 44'bpy(OH)2 ligand is a pH-dependent ligand where deprotonation of the hydroxyl groups leads to significant electronic donation to the metal center. A Pourbaix Diagram of the complex reveals a pH independent reduction potential below pH = 2.0 for the Ru3+/2+ process at 0.91 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Above pH = 2.0, pH dependence is observed with a decrease in reduction potential until pH = 6.8 where the complex is completely deprotonated, resulting in a reduction potential of 0.62 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Spectroelectrochemical studies as a function of pH reveal the disappearance of the Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) or Mixed Metal-Ligand to Charge Transfer bands upon oxidation and the appearance of a new low energy band. DFT calculations for this low energy band were carried out using both B3LYP and M06-L functionals for all protonation states and suggest that numerous new transition types occur upon oxidation to Ru3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Viere
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA..
| | - Ashley E Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA..
| | - Margaret H Roeder
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA..
| | - Nicholas A Piro
- Department of Chemistry, Albright College, 1621 N. 13th Street, Reading, PA 19604, USA
| | - W Scott Kassel
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA..
| | - Timothy J Dudley
- Math, Science and Technology Department, University of Minnesota Crookston, 2900 University Ave., Crookston, MN 56716, USA
| | - Jared J Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA..
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12
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Rapp TL, Highley CB, Manor BC, Burdick JA, Dmochowski IJ. Ruthenium-Crosslinked Hydrogels with Rapid, Visible-Light Degradation. Chemistry 2018; 24:2328-2333. [PMID: 29161461 PMCID: PMC5915374 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of photoresponsive molecules within soft materials can provide spatiotemporal control over bulk properties and address challenges in targeted delivery and mechanical variability. However, the kinetics of in situ photochemical reactions are often slow and typically employ ultraviolet wavelengths. Here, we present a novel photoactive crosslinker Ru(bipyridine)2 (3-pyridinaldehyde)2 (RuAldehyde), which was reacted with hydrazide-functionalized hyaluronic acid to form hydrogels capable of encapsulating protein cargo. Visible light irradiation (400-500 nm) initiated rapid ligand exchange on the ruthenium center, which degraded the hydrogel within seconds to minutes, depending on gel thickness. An exemplar enzyme cargo, TEM1 β-lactamase, was loaded into and photoreleased from the Ru-hydrogel. To expand their applications, Ru-hydrogels were also processed into microgels using a microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Rapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher B Highley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian C Manor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan J Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Shao JY, Zhong YW. pH value-dependent electronic absorption and Ru(III/II) potential of bis-tridentate pincer ruthenium complexes. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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A tandem synthesis of 4,5-bis(arylimino)-2-(alkylimino)imidazolidines. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Pannwitz A, Prescimone A, Wenger OS. Ruthenium(II)-Pyridylimidazole Complexes as Photoreductants and PCET Reagents. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pannwitz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 and Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 and Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 and Spitalstrasse 51 4056 Basel Switzerland
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16
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Patra SG, Zangrando E, Datta D. The effect of an ancillary ligand proton on the photophysical properties of some Ru IIN 6cores: a proton valve. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proton of the ancillary ligand (lig) in [Ru(bpy/phen)2(lig)]2+decides whether a Ru(ii)N6core will be emissive or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti G. Patra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Calcutta 700032
- India
| | - Ennio Zangrando
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Dipankar Datta
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Calcutta 700032
- India
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17
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Interfacial self-assembly, characterization, electrochemical, and photo-catalytic properties of porphyrin-ruthenium complex/polyoxomelate triad hybrid multilayers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Charboneau DJ, Piro NA, Kassel WS, Dudley TJ, Paul JJ. Reprint of: Structural, electronic and acid/base properties of [Ru(bpy)(bpy(OH)2)2]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, bpy(OH)2= 4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine). Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Pannwitz A, Wenger OS. Proton coupled electron transfer from the excited state of a ruthenium(ii) pyridylimidazole complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11374-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00437g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transfer of one electron and one proton from [Ru(bpy)2pyimH]2+ to monoquat (MQ+) upon photoexcitation, corresponding to net transfer of a hydrogen atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pannwitz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Basel
- 4056 Basel
- Switzerland
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20
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Zhu L, Younes AH, Yuan Z, Clark RJ. 5-Arylvinyl-2,2'-bipyridyls: Bright "push-pull" dyes as components in fluorescent indicators for zinc ions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015; 311:1-15. [PMID: 26190906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the zinc(II)-dependent photophysical properties of arylvinylbipyridines (AVBs), a class of fluoroionophores in which 2,2'-bipyridyl and an aryl moiety are electronically conjugated. Zinc(II) binding of an AVB may lead to an emission bathochromic shift of the fluoroionophore without diminishing its fluorescence quantum yield. This observation can be explained using the excited state model of electron donor-π bridge-electron acceptor "push-pull" fluorophores, in which the bipy moiety acts as an electron acceptor, and zinc(II)-coordination strengthens its electron affinity. The spectral sensitivity of bipy-containing fluoroionophores, such as AVBs, to zinc(II) can be exploited to prepare fluorescent indicators for this ion. In several cases, AVB moieties are incorporated in fluorescent heteroditopic ligands, so that the variation of zinc(II) concentration over a relatively large range can be correlated to fluorescence changes in either intensity or color. AVB fluoroionophores are also used to introduce an intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) strategy for creating zinc(II) indicators with high photostability and a narrow emission band, two desired characteristics of dyes used in fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Ali H Younes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Zhao Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Ronald J Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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21
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Cao M, Onyango EO, Williams CR, Royce DB, Gribble GW, Sporn MB, Liby KT. Novel synthetic pyridyl analogues of CDDO-Imidazolide are useful new tools in cancer prevention. Pharmacol Res 2015; 100:135-47. [PMID: 26238177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new analogues of CDDO-Imidazolide (CDDO-Im), namely 1-[2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]-4(-pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazole ("CDDO-2P-Im") and 1-[2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]-4(-pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole ("CDDO-3P-Im") have been synthesized and tested for their potential use as chemopreventive drugs. At nanomolar concentrations, they were equipotent to CDDO-Im for inducing differentiation and apoptosis in U937 leukemia cells. As inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to carcinogenesis, we also assessed their cytoprotective potential. The new compounds suppressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in RAW264.7 macrophage-like cells and significantly elevated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and quinone reductase (NQO1) mRNA and protein levels in various mouse tissues in vivo. Most importantly, pharmacokinetic studies performed in vitro in human plasma and in vivo showed that each new analogue was more stable than CDDO-Im. Much higher concentrations of the new derivatives were found in mouse liver, lung, pancreas and kidney after gavage in contrast to CDDO-Im. Because of their better bioavailability and their excellent anti-inflammatory profile in vitro, CDDO-2P-Im and CDDO-3P-Im were tested for prevention in a highly relevant mouse lung cancer model, in which A/J mice develop lung carcinomas after injection of vinyl carbamate, a potent carcinogen. CDDO-2P-Im and CDDO-3P-Im were as effective as CDDO-Im for reducing the size and the severity of the lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Evans O Onyango
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Charlotte R Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Darlene B Royce
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Michael B Sporn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Karen T Liby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA.
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22
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4-(2′-Pyridyl)imidazole as an artificial nucleobase in highly stabilizing Ag(I)-mediated base pairs. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:895-903. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Kügler M, Gałęzowska J, Schendzielorz F, Dechert S, Demeshko S, Siewert I. Dinuclear Zinc and Cobalt Complexes with Imidazolyl andN-Methylmidazolyl Units and Their Solution Speciation and Redox Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Eguillor B, Esteruelas MA, Fernández I, Gómez-Gallego M, Lledós A, Martín-Ortiz M, Oliván M, Oñate E, Sierra MA. Azole Assisted C–H Bond Activation Promoted by an Osmium-Polyhydride: Discerning between N and NH. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Eguillor
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas,
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas,
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament
de Química, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mamen Martín-Ortiz
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas,
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas,
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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25
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Charboneau DJ, Piro NA, Kassel WS, Dudley TJ, Paul JJ. Structural, electronic and acid/base properties of [Ru(bpy)(bpy(OH)2)2]2+ (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine, bpy(OH)2=4,4′-dihydroxy-2,2′-bipyridine). Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Hu P, Chen Y, Liu Y. Hyaluronan/Ru( ii)-cyclodextrin supramolecular assemblies for colorimetric sensor of hyaluronidase activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hyaluronidase-induced colorimetric change was found in a hyaluronan/Ru(ii)-cyclodextrin supramolecular assembly under a laser (532 nm) irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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27
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Luo J, Chen W, Shao J, Liu X, Shu K, Tang P, Yu Y. Synthesis of poly-functionalized imidazoles via vinyl azides annulation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient annulation of vinyl azides with activated imines has been developed for the synthesis of poly-functionalized imidazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Wenteng Chen
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaan Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Ke Shu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Pai Tang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
| | - Yongping Yu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- P. R. China
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28
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Dutta J, Richmond MG, Bhattacharya S. Cycloruthenation ofN-(Naphthyl)salicylaldimine and Related Ligands: Utilization of the Ru-C Bond in Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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29
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Bushuev MB, Selivanov BA, Pervukhina NV, Naumov DY, Sheludyakova LA, Rakhmanova MI, Tikhonov AY, Larionov SV. Zinc(II) complexes with an imidazolylpyridine ligand: luminescence and hydrogen bonding. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.892589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Bushuev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University (National Research University), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Boris A. Selivanov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Pervukhina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Yu. Naumov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lilia A. Sheludyakova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University (National Research University), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marianna I. Rakhmanova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexsei Ya. Tikhonov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stanislav V. Larionov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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30
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Sinn S, Schulze B, Friebe C, Brown DG, Jäger M, Kübel J, Dietzek B, Berlinguette CP, Schubert US. A Heteroleptic Bis(tridentate) Ruthenium(II) Platform Featuring an Anionic 1,2,3-Triazolate-Based Ligand for Application in the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1637-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402701v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Sinn
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schulze
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Friebe
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Douglas G. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Kübel
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute
of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str.
9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute
of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str.
9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Curtis P. Berlinguette
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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31
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Tlahuext-Aca A, Hernández-Fajardo O, Arévalo A, García JJ. Synthesis of tetra-substituted imidazoles and 2-imidazolines by Ni(0)-catalyzed dehydrogenation of benzylic-type imines. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:15997-6005. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02313g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A one pot methodology using simple imines allowed the formation of N-substituted imidazoles and imidazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tlahuext-Aca
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Interior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- MexicoCity, Mexico
| | - Oscar Hernández-Fajardo
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Interior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- MexicoCity, Mexico
| | - Alma Arévalo
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Interior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- MexicoCity, Mexico
| | - Juventino J. García
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Interior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- MexicoCity, Mexico
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32
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Structural, electronic and acid/base properties of [Ru(tpy)(tpyOH)]2+ and [Ru(tpyOH)2]2+ (tpy=2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, tpyOH=4′-hydroxy-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine). Polyhedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hufziger KT, Thowfeik FS, Charboneau DJ, Nieto I, Dougherty WG, Kassel WS, Dudley TJ, Merino EJ, Papish ET, Paul JJ. Ruthenium dihydroxybipyridine complexes are tumor activated prodrugs due to low pH and blue light induced ligand release. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 130:103-11. [PMID: 24184694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium drugs are potent anti-cancer agents, but inducing drug selectivity and enhancing their modest activity remain challenging. Slow Ru ligand loss limits the formation of free sites and subsequent binding to DNA base pairs. Herein, we designed a ligand that rapidly dissociates upon irradiation at low pH. Activation at low pH can lead to cancer selectivity, since many cancer cells have higher metabolism (and thus lower pH) than non-cancerous cells. We have used the pH sensitive ligand, 6,6'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine (66'bpy(OH)2), to generate [Ru(bpy)2(66'(bpy(OH)2)](2+), which contains two acidic hydroxyl groups with pKa1=5.26 and pKa2=7.27. Irradiation when protonated leads to photo-dissociation of the 66'bpy(OH)2 ligand. An in-depth study of the structural and electronic properties of the complex was carried out using X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, UV/visible spectroscopy, and computational techniques. Notably, RuN bond lengths in the 66'bpy(OH)2 complex are longer (by ~0.3Å) than in polypyridyl complexes that lack 6 and 6' substitution. Thus, the longer bond length predisposes the complex for photo-dissociation and leads to the anti-cancer activity. When the complex is deprotonated, the 66'bpy(O(-))2 ligand molecular orbitals mix heavily with the ruthenium orbitals, making new mixed metal-ligand orbitals that lead to a higher bond order. We investigated the anti-cancer activities of [Ru(bpy)2(66'(bpy(OH)2)](2+), [Ru(bpy)2(44'(bpy(OH)2)](2+), and [Ru(bpy)3](2+) (44'(bpy(OH)2=4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine) in HeLa cells, which have a relatively low pH. It is found that [Ru(bpy)2(66'(bpy(OH)2)](2+) is more cytotoxic than the other ruthenium complexes studied. Thus, we have identified a pH sensitive ruthenium scaffold that can be exploited for photo-induced anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Hufziger
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, United States
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Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays a crucial role in many enzymatic reactions and is relevant for a variety of processes including water oxidation, nitrogen fixation, and carbon dioxide reduction. Much of the research on PCET has focused on transfers between molecules in their electronic ground states, but increasingly researchers are investigating PCET between photoexcited reactants. This Account describes recent studies of excited-state PCET with d(6) metal complexes emphasizing work performed in my laboratory. Upon photoexcitation, some complexes release an electron and a proton to benzoquinone reaction partners. Others act as combined electron-proton acceptors in the presence of phenols. As a result, we can investigate photoinduced PCET involving electron and proton transfer in a given direction, a process that resembles hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT). In other studies, the photoexcited metal complexes merely serve as electron donors or electron acceptors because the proton donating and accepting sites are located on other parts of the molecular PCET ensemble. We and others have used this multisite design to explore so-called bidirectional PCET which occurs in many enzymes. A central question in all of these studies is whether concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) can compete kinetically with sequential electron and proton transfer steps. Short laser pulses can trigger excited-state PCET, making it possible to investigate rapid reactions. Luminescence spectroscopy is a convenient tool for monitoring PCET, but unambiguous identification of reaction products can require a combination of luminescence spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy. Nevertheless, in some cases, distinguishing between PCET photoproducts and reaction products formed by simple photoinduced electron transfer (ET) (reactions that don't include proton transfer) is tricky. Some of the studies presented here deal directly with this important problem. In one case study we employed a cyclometalated iridium(III) complex. Our other studies with ruthenium(II) complexes and phenols focused on systematic variations of the reaction free energies for the CPET, ET, and proton transfer (PT) steps to explore their influence on the overall PCET reaction. Still other work with rhenium(I) complexes concentrated on the question of how the electronic structure of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states affects PCET. We used covalent rhenium(I)-phenol dyads to explore the influence of the electron donor-electron acceptor distance on bidirectional PCET. In covalent triarylamine-Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/Os(bpy)₃²⁺-anthraquinone triads (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), hydrogen-bond donating solvents significantly lengthened the lifetimes of photogenerated electron/hole pairs because of hydrogen-bonding to the quinone radical anion. Until now, comparatively few researchers have investigated this variation of PCET: the strengthening of H-bonds upon photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S. Wenger
- Departement Chemie, Universität Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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36
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Gerken JB, Rigsby ML, Ruther RE, Pérez-Rodríguez RJ, Guzei IA, Hamers RJ, Stahl SS. Modular Synthesis of Alkyne-Substituted Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes Suitable for “Click” Coupling. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:2796-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302827s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James B. Gerken
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew L. Rigsby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rose E. Ruther
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Riviam J. Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert J. Hamers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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37
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Hönes R, Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Photochemistry between a ruthenium(ii) pyridylimidazole complex and benzoquinone: simple electron transferversusproton-coupled electron transfer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:254-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25270h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Weinberg DR, Gagliardi CJ, Hull JF, Murphy CF, Kent CA, Westlake BC, Paul A, Ess DH, McCafferty DG, Meyer TJ. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4016-93. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200177j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1125] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Weinberg
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
- Department of Physical and Environmental
Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, 1100 North Avenue, Grand Junction,
Colorado 81501-3122, United States
| | - Christopher J. Gagliardi
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Jonathan F. Hull
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Christine Fecenko Murphy
- Department
of Chemistry, B219
Levine Science Research Center, Box 90354, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Caleb A. Kent
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Brittany C. Westlake
- The American Chemical Society,
1155 Sixteenth Street NW, Washington, District of Columbia 20036,
United States
| | - Amit Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
| | - Dewey Granville McCafferty
- Department
of Chemistry, B219
Levine Science Research Center, Box 90354, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290,
United States
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