1
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Bennetts JD, Barwise L, Sharp-Bucknall L, White KF, Hogan CF, Dutton JL. Structural verification and new reactivity for Stang's reagent, [PhI(CN)][OTf]. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37325880 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01765f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The structure of Stang's reagent [PhI(CN)][OTf] is confirmed by X-ray crystallography and is determined to be best described as an ion-pair in organic solution. It is found to be a strong Lewis acid, but reaction with pyridine ligands gives [Pyr-CN][OTf] salts via oxidation of pyridine giving a new derivative of the CDAP reagent widely used as an activation agent for polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Bennetts
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lachlan Barwise
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lachlan Sharp-Bucknall
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Keith F White
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Conor F Hogan
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Sharp-Bucknall L, Sceney M, White KF, Dutton JL. Synthesis, structural characterization, reactivity and catalytic activity of mixed halo/triflate ArI(OTf)(X) species. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3358-3370. [PMID: 36809478 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00275f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Both mixed λ3-iodoarenes and λ3-iodoarenes possessing -OTf ligands are coveted for their enhanced reactivities. Here we describe the synthesis, reactivity, and comprehensive characterisation of two new ArI(OTf)(X) species, a class of compound that were previously only invoked as reactive intermediates where X = Cl, F and their divergent reactivity with aryl substrates. A new catalytic system for electrophilic chlorination of deactivated arenes using Cl2 as the chlorine source and ArI/HOTf as the catalyst is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Sceney
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Keith F White
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Bakro A, Sharp-Bucknall L, Poynder TB, Clegg JK, Wilson DJD, Dutton JL. Lewis acid activation of Weiss' reagents ([PhI(Pyr) 2] 2+) with boranes and isolation of [PhI(4-DMAP)] 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12163-12166. [PMID: 34726208 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04725f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstraction of a pyridine ligand from Weiss' reagent ([PhI(Pyr)2]2+) using BF3-Et2O was found to activate Weiss' reagent towards electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The activated species can be isolated when 4-DMAP is used as the pyridine ligand and was determined to be [PhI(4-DMAP)]2+ in solution. The isolated cation was reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions towards mesitylene, xylene and toluene that Weiss' reagent itself does not react with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Bakro
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lachlan Sharp-Bucknall
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Tiffany B Poynder
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia.
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4
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Mikhael M, Guo W, Tantillo DJ, Wengryniuk SE. Umpolung Strategy for Arene C−H Etherification Leading to Functionalized Chromanes Enabled by I(III)
N
‐Ligated Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mikhael
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901 N 13th street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 United States
| | - Wentao Guo
- Department of Chemistry University of California-Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 United States of America
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry University of California-Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901 N 13th street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 United States
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5
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Xiao X, Roth JM, Greenwood NS, Velopolcek MK, Aguirre J, Jalali M, Ariafard A, Wengryniuk SE. Bidentate Nitrogen-Ligated I(V) Reagents, Bi( N)-HVIs: Preparation, Stability, Structure, and Reactivity. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6566-6576. [PMID: 33872505 PMCID: PMC9394507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine(V) reagents are a powerful class of organic oxidants. While the use of I(V) compounds Dess-Martin periodinane and IBX is widespread, this reagent class has long been plagued by issues of solubility and stability. Extensive effort has been made for derivatizing these scaffolds to modulate reactivity and physical properties but considerable room for innovation still exists. Herein, we describe the preparation, thermal stability, optimized geometries, and synthetic utility of an emerging class of I(V) reagents, Bi(N)-HVIs, possessing datively bound bidentate nitrogen ligands on the iodine center. Bi(N)-HVIs display favorable safety profiles, improved solubility, and comparable to superior oxidative reactivity relative to common I(V) reagents. The highly modular synthesis and in situ generation of Bi(N)-HVIs provides a novel and convenient screening platform for I(V) reagent and reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jessica M Roth
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Nathaniel S Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Maria K Velopolcek
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Jordan Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Mona Jalali
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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6
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Tierno AF, Walters JC, Vazquez-Lopez A, Xiao X, Wengryniuk SE. Heterocyclic group transfer reactions with I(iii) N-HVI reagents: access to N-alkyl(heteroaryl)onium salts via olefin aminolactonization. Chem Sci 2021; 12:6385-6392. [PMID: 34084438 PMCID: PMC8115303 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridinium and related N-alkyl(heteroaryl)onium salts are versatile synthetic intermediates in organic chemistry, with applications ranging from ring functionalizations to provide diverse piperidine scaffolds to their recent emergence as radical precursors in deaminative cross couplings. Despite their ever-expanding applications, methods for their synthesis have seen little innovation, continuing to rely on a limited set of decades old transformations and a limited subset of coupling partners. Herein, we leverage (bis)cationic nitrogen-ligated I(iii) hypervalent iodine reagents, or N-HVIs, as "heterocyclic group transfer reagents" to provide access to a broad scope of N-alkyl(heteroaryl)onium salts via the aminolactonization of alkenoic acids, the first example of engaging an olefin to directly generate these salts. The reactions proceed in excellent yields, under mild conditions, and are capable of incorporating a broad scope of sterically and electronically diverse aromatic heterocycles. The N-HVI reagents can be generated in situ, the products isolated via simple trituration, and subsequent derivatizations demonstrate the power of this platform for diversity-oriented synthesis of 6-membered nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Tierno
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University 8000 York Road, Towson Maryland USA 21252
| | - Jennifer C Walters
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA 19122
| | - Andres Vazquez-Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA 19122
| | - Xiao Xiao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China
| | - Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA 19122
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7
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Yoshida Y, Ishikawa S, Mino T, Sakamoto M. Bromonium salts: diaryl-λ3-bromanes as halogen-bonding organocatalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2519-2522. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bromonium salts have been typically but infrequently used as good leaving groups owing to their high nucleofugality. Herein, we report the synthesis of stable bromonium salts and their first catalytic application, with excellent product yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Yoshida
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku
- Chiba-Shi
| | - Seitaro Ishikawa
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku
- Chiba-Shi
| | - Takashi Mino
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku
- Chiba-Shi
| | - Masami Sakamoto
- Molecular Chirality Research Center
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Chiba University
- 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku
- Chiba-Shi
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8
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Kiefl GM, Gulder T. α-Functionalization of Ketones via a Nitrogen Directed Oxidative Umpolung. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20577-20582. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel M. Kiefl
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tanja Gulder
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Egalahewa S, Aprile A, Dutton JL. Reactions of PhIX 2 I(iii) oxidants with heavy triphenyl pnictines. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7507-7513. [PMID: 32452498 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00777c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of [PhI(pyridine)2]2+, PhI(OAc)2 and PhI(OTf)(OAc) with Ph3As, Ph3Sb and Ph3Bi are described. The reactions of [PhI(pyridine)2]2+ with Ph3Sb and Ph3Bi afford dicationic Pn(v) complexes ligated by pyridine in one step. These were previously reported by Burford in multi-step syntheses. Reactions with PhI(OAc)2, which were already known for Sb and Bi giving Pn(v) diacetates, were confirmed to give the same type of compound for As. Reactions with PhI(OAc)(OTf) were less selective, resulting in the isolation of iodonium cations [Ph-I-Ph]+ for As and Bi, while Ph3Sb gave an oxobridged di-antimony species characteristic of the decomposition of a high valent triflate bound species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathsara Egalahewa
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3086.
| | - Antonino Aprile
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3086.
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3086.
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10
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Albayer M, Sharp-Bucknall L, Withanage N, Armendariz-Vidales G, Hogan CF, Dutton JL. Metathesis Reactions between Heavy d-8 Fluorides and I(III)–Pyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2765-2770. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Albayer
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan Sharp-Bucknall
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nilan Withanage
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Armendariz-Vidales
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Conor F. Hogan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Sousa E Silva FC, Van NT, Wengryniuk SE. Direct C-H α-Arylation of Enones with ArI(O 2CR) 2 Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:64-69. [PMID: 31841623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Arylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones constitutes a powerful synthetic transformation. It is most commonly achieved via cross-coupling of α-haloenones, but this stepwise strategy requires prefunctionalized substrates and expensive catalysts. Direct enone C-H α-arylation would offer an atom- and step-economical alternative, but such reports are scarce. Herein we report the metal-free direct C-H arylation of enones mediated by hypervalent iodine reagents. The reaction proceeds via a reductive iodonium Claisen rearrangement of in situ-generated β-pyridinium silyl enol ethers. The aryl groups are derived from ArI(O2CCF3)2 reagents, which are readily accessed from the parent iodoarenes. The reaction is tolerant of a wide range of substitution patterns, and the incorporated arenes maintain the valuable iodine functional handle. Mechanistic investigations implicate arylation via an umpoled "enolonium" species and show that the presence of a β-pyridinium moiety is critical for the desired C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cesar Sousa E Silva
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Nguyen T Van
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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12
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Xiao X, Greenwood NS, Wengryniuk SE. Dearomatization of Electron-Deficient Phenols to ortho-Quinones: Bidentate Nitrogen-Ligated Iodine(V) Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16181-16187. [PMID: 31430009 PMCID: PMC6814494 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite their broad utility, the synthesis of ortho-quinones remains a significant challenge, in particular, access to electron-deficient derivatives remains an unsolved problem. Reported here is the first general method for the synthesis of electron-deficient ortho-quinones by direct oxidation of phenols. The reaction is enabled by a novel bidentate nitrogen-ligated iodine(V) reagent, a previously unexplored class of compounds which we have termed Bi(N)-HVIs. The reaction is extremely general and proceeds with excellent regioselectivity for the ortho over para isomer. Functionalization of the ortho-quinone products was examined, resulting in a facile one-pot synthesis of catechols, as well as the incorporation of a variety of heteroatom nucleophiles. This method represents the first synthetic application of Bi(N)-HVIs and demonstrates their potential as a platform for the further development of highly reactive, but also highly tunable, I(V) reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
- Present address: Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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13
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Xiao X, Greenwood NS, Wengryniuk SE. Dearomatization of Electron‐Deficient Phenols to
ortho
‐Quinones: Bidentate Nitrogen‐Ligated Iodine(V) Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of ChemistryTemple University 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Greenwood
- Department of ChemistryTemple University 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
- Present address: Department of ChemistryYale University 225 Prospect St. New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Sarah E. Wengryniuk
- Department of ChemistryTemple University 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
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14
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Mikhael M, Adler SA, Wengryniuk SE. Chemoselective Oxidation of Equatorial Alcohols with N-Ligated λ 3-Iodanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:5889-5893. [PMID: 31310133 PMCID: PMC7060929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The site-selective and chemoselective functionalization of alcohols in complex polyols remains a formidable synthetic challenge. Whereas significant advancements have been made in selective derivatization at the oxygen center, chemoselective oxidation to the corresponding carbonyls is less developed. In cyclic systems, whereas the selective oxidation of axial alcohols is well known, a complementary equatorial selective process has not yet been reported. Herein we report the utility of nitrogen-ligated (bis)cationic λ3-iodanes (N-HVIs) for alcohol oxidation and their unprecedented levels of selectivity for the oxidation of equatorial over axial alcohols. The conditions are mild, and the simple pyridine-ligated reagent (Py-HVI) is readily synthesized from commercial PhI(OAc)2 and can be either isolated or generated in situ. Conformational selectivity is demonstrated in both flexible 1,2-substituted cyclohexanols and rigid polyol scaffolds, providing chemists with a novel tool for chemoselective oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mikhael
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Sophia A. Adler
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Sarah E. Wengryniuk
- Temple University, Department of Chemistry, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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