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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39052606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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2
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Tan Z, Lin M, Liu J, Wu H, Chao H. Cyclometalated iridium(III) tetrazine complexes for mitochondria-targeted two-photon photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39028267 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The fast-moving field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has provided fresh opportunities to expand the potential of metallodrugs to combat cancers in a light-controlled manner. As such, in the present study, a series of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes modified with a tetrazine functional group (namely, Ir-ppy-Tz, Ir-pbt-Tz, and Ir-dfppy-Tz) are developed as potential two-photon photodynamic anticancer agents. These complexes target mitochondria but exhibit low toxicity towards HLF primary lung fibroblast normal cells in the dark. When receiving a low-dose one- or two-photon PDT, they become highly potent towards A549 lung cancer cells (with IC50 values ranging from 24.0 nM to 96.0 nM) through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce mitochondrial damage and subsequent apoptosis. Our results indicated that the incorporation of tetrazine with cyclometalated Ir(III) matrices would increase the singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield (ΦΔ) and, meanwhile, enable a type I PDT mechanism. Ir-pbt-Tz, with the largest two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section (σ2 = 102 GM), shows great promise in serving as a two-photon PDT agent for phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanru Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Mingwei Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Jiangping Liu
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, P. R. China.
| | - Huihui Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The East Division of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510700, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Functional Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 400201, P. R. China
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3
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Shi H, Carter OWL, Ponte F, Imberti C, Gomez-Gonzalez MA, Cacho-Nerin F, Quinn PD, Parker JE, Sicilia E, Huang H, Sadler PJ. A Photodynamic and Photochemotherapeutic Platinum-Iridium Charge-Transfer Conjugate for Anticancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400476. [PMID: 38656762 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The novel hetero-dinuclear complex trans,trans,trans-[PtIV(py)2(N3)2(OH)(μ-OOCCH2CH2CONHCH2-bpyMe)IrIII(ppy)2]Cl (Pt-Ir), exhibits charge transfer between the acceptor photochemotherapeutic Pt(IV) (Pt-OH) and donor photodynamic Ir(III) (Ir-NH2) fragments. It is stable in the dark, but undergoes photodecomposition more rapidly than the Pt(IV) parent complex (Pt-OH) to generate Pt(II) species, an azidyl radical and 1O2. The Ir(III)* excited state, formed after irradiation, can oxidise NADH to NAD⋅ radicals and NAD+. Pt-Ir is highly photocytotoxic towards cancer cells with a high photocytotoxicity index upon irradiation with blue light (465 nm, 4.8 mW/cm2), even with short light-exposure times (10-60 min). In contrast, the mononuclear Pt-OH and Ir-NH2 subunits and their simple mixture are much less potent. Cellular Pt accumulation was higher for Pt-Ir compared to Pt-OH. Irradiation of Pt-Ir in cancer cells damages nuclei and releases chromosomes. Synchrotron-XRF revealed ca. 4× higher levels of intracellular platinum compared to iridium in Pt-Ir treated cells under dark conditions. Luminescent Pt-Ir distributes over the whole cell and generates ROS and 1O2 within 1 h of irradiation. Iridium localises strongly in small compartments, suggestive of complex cleavage and excretion via recycling vesicles (e.g. lysosomes). The combination of PDT and PACT motifs in one molecule, provides Pt-Ir with a novel strategy for multimodal phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Oliver W L Carter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Fortuna Ponte
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata Rende, Cs, Italy
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | | | - Fernando Cacho-Nerin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Paul D Quinn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Julia E Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata Rende, Cs, Italy
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
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4
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Xu K, Zheng L, Bao SS, Ma J, Xie X, Zheng LM. Lanthanide-Sensitized Upconversion Iridium Complex via Triplet Energy Transfer. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400671. [PMID: 38803310 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium (Ir) complexes demonstrate impressive capabilities across a range of fields, including biology and photocatalysis, due to their tunable optical characteristics and structure flexibility. However, generating upconversion luminescence of Ir complexes under near-infrared light excitation is challenging. Herein, by employing lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the sensitizer, a new strategy is demonstrated to gain upconversion luminescence of Ir complexes via triplet energy transfer. This design relies on a rationally designed hybrid of core-shell structured NaYbF4:Tb@NaTbF4 UCNPs and new Ir phosphonate complexes, in which UCNPs can migrate upconverted energy to the surface of nanoparticles through Tb3+-mediated energy migration and then sensitize the upconversion luminescence of Ir complexes upon 980 nm excitation. Both experimental and theoretical investigations highlight the significance of triplet energy transfer from excited Tb3+ ions to the triplet state of Ir complexes in the sensitization of upconversion luminescence of Ir complexes. These findings may open exciting avenues for fabricating hybrid Ir materials with new functions and driving the development of UCNP-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lifeng Zheng
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Song-Song Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoji Xie
- School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Li-Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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5
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Shen S, Nong S, Zhang X, Song J, Meng C, Liu X, Shao L, Li G, Xu L. An ALP-responsive, anionic iridium complex for specific recognition of osteosarcoma cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8633-8641. [PMID: 38695060 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00568f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Poor cellular permeability greatly hampers the utilization of anionic Ir(III) complexes, though efficiently emissive and remarkably stable, in cell-based diagnosis. To overcome this barrier, we present the development of an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-responsive, anionic, and aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active Ir(III) complex (Ir1) for specific recognition of osteosarcoma cells. Containing phosphate moieties, Ir1 exhibits a net -1 charge, enabling charge repulsion from the cell membrane and resulting in low cellular uptake and good biocompatibility in normal osteoblast cells. Upon ALP-mediated hydrolysis of phosphate groups, the resulting dephosphorylated product, Ir2, demonstrates a positive charge and increased lipophilicity, promoting cellular uptake and activating its AIE properties for specific recognition of osteosarcoma cells that express elevated levels of ALP. This study elucidates the role of ALP as an ideal trigger for enhancing the cellular permeability of phosphate ester-containing Ir(III) complexes, thus expanding the potential of anionic Ir(III) complexes for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528458, P.R. China.
| | - Shuli Nong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528458, P.R. China.
| | - Xianpeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528458, P.R. China.
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Caiting Meng
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Xinling Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Guanying Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Li Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, 528458, P.R. China.
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Zakrzewski J, Liberka M, Wang J, Chorazy S, Ohkoshi SI. Optical Phenomena in Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5930-6050. [PMID: 38687182 PMCID: PMC11082909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Since the last century, we have witnessed the development of molecular magnetism which deals with magnetic materials based on molecular species, i.e., organic radicals and metal complexes. Among them, the broadest attention was devoted to molecule-based ferro-/ferrimagnets, spin transition materials, including those exploring electron transfer, molecular nanomagnets, such as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), molecular qubits, and stimuli-responsive magnetic materials. Their physical properties open the application horizons in sensors, data storage, spintronics, and quantum computation. It was found that various optical phenomena, such as thermochromism, photoswitching of magnetic and optical characteristics, luminescence, nonlinear optical and chiroptical effects, as well as optical responsivity to external stimuli, can be implemented into molecule-based magnetic materials. Moreover, the fruitful interactions of these optical effects with magnetism in molecule-based materials can provide new physical cross-effects and multifunctionality, enriching the applications in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices. This Review aims to show the scope of optical phenomena generated in molecule-based magnetic materials, including the recent advances in such areas as high-temperature photomagnetism, optical thermometry utilizing SMMs, optical addressability of molecular qubits, magneto-chiral dichroism, and opto-magneto-electric multifunctionality. These findings are discussed in the context of the types of optical phenomena accessible for various classes of molecule-based magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub
J. Zakrzewski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral
School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian
University, Lojasiewicza
11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tonnodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shin-ichi Ohkoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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7
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Aderinto SO, John T, Onawole A, Galleh RP, Thomas JA. Iridium(III)-based minor groove binding complexes as DNA photocleavage agents. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7282-7291. [PMID: 38466178 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00171k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes containing the qtpy ligand (2':4,4'':4',4'''-quaterpyridyl) are known to be DNA intercalators or minor groove binders. In this study, new tricationic iridium(III) complexes of qtpy are reported. Both [Ir(bpy)2(qtpy)]3+1 and [Ir(phen)2(qtpy)]3+2 display good water solubility as chloride salts. The complexes possess high-energy excited states, which are quenched in the presence of duplex DNA and even by the mononucleotides guanosine monophosphate and adenosine monophosphate. Further studies reveal that although the complexes bind to quadruplex DNA, they display a preference for duplex structures, which are bound with an order of magnitude higher affinities than their isostructural dicationic RuII-analogues. Detailed molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the complexes are groove binders through the insertion of, predominantly, the qtpy ligand into the minor groove. Photoirradiation of 1 in the presence of plasmid DNA confirms that this class of complexes can function as synthetic photonucleases by cleaving DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Aderinto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Torsten John
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abdulmujeeb Onawole
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK.
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Ramos R, Karaiskou A, Botuha C, Amhaz S, Trichet M, Dingli F, Forté J, Lam F, Canette A, Chaumeton C, Salome M, Chenuel T, Bergonzi C, Meyer P, Bohic S, Loew D, Salmain M, Sobczak-Thépot J. Identification of Cellular Protein Targets of a Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) Complex Reveals Its Dual Mechanism of Action via Both Electrophilic and Oxidative Stresses. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6189-6206. [PMID: 38577779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Identification of intracellular targets of anticancer drug candidates provides key information on their mechanism of action. Exploiting the ability of the anticancer (C∧N)-chelated half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes to covalently bind proteins, click chemistry with a bioorthogonal azido probe was used to localize a phenyloxazoline-chelated iridium complex within cells and profile its interactome at the proteome-wide scale. Proteins involved in protein folding and actin cytoskeleton regulation were identified as high-affinity targets. Upon iridium complex treatment, the folding activity of Heat Shock Protein HSP90 was inhibited in vitro and major cytoskeleton disorganization was observed. A wide array of imaging and biochemical methods validated selected targets and provided a multiscale overview of the effects of this complex on live human cells. We demonstrate that it behaves as a dual agent, inducing both electrophilic and oxidative stresses in cells that account for its cytotoxicity. The proposed methodological workflow can open innovative avenues in metallodrug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Ramos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Anthi Karaiskou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Candice Botuha
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sadek Amhaz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Michaël Trichet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Service d'imagerie cellulaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Forté
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - France Lam
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Service d'imagerie cellulaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Canette
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Service d'imagerie cellulaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Chloé Chaumeton
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Service d'imagerie cellulaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Murielle Salome
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron Research Facility, F-38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Thomas Chenuel
- Sorbonne Université, PSL, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Céline Bergonzi
- Sorbonne Université, PSL, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Meyer
- Sorbonne Université, PSL, CNRS, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Bohic
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, UA7 STROBE, Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine, F-38400 Saint Martin d'Hères, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry Proteomics, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Sobczak-Thépot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
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Wee-Léonard MV, Elias B, Troian-Gautier L. Photoinduced One-Electron Chloride Oxidation in Water Using a Pentacationic Ir(III) Photosensitizer. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38621164 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A novel iridium(III) photosensitizer containing pyridinium-decorated terpyridines has been used for the photo-oxidation of chloride in water. Despite its abundance, the very positive one-electron reduction potential (E° Cl•/- = 2.1-2.4 V vs NHE) restricted its use in energy conversion schemes and artificial photosynthesis. The kinetics of the photoinduced electron transfer process were investigated through Stern-Volmer quenching experiments and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, which provided unambiguous evidence that photoinduced chloride oxidation occurred with a quenching rate constant kq = 5.0 × 1010 M-1 s-1. Complementary spectroelectrochemistry and photolysis experiments confirmed the formation of the reduced photosensitizer and showcased the redox and photostability of the Ir(III) photosensitizer that holds great promise for the HX splitting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Vander Wee-Léonard
- UCLouvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- UCLouvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- UCLouvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Place Louis Pasteur 1/L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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10
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Li H, Qin J, Xian S, Tang H, Jiao Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Zhou Q, Wang Z. Hybrid nanospheres of silica covalently containing yellow-emitting cationic iridium(III) complex: preparation and application in white light-emitting diodes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4080-4087. [PMID: 38314631 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
A yellow-emitting cationic iridium(III) complex [(dfppy)2Ir(TBD)]PF6 (TBD: N4,N4'-bis(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)-[2,2'-bipyridine]-4,4'-dicarboxamide; dfppy: 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine) containing hydrolysable alkoxysilanes was synthesized. Then, a series of silica-based hybrid nanospheres with diameters of around 400 nm was prepared via the hydrolysis of this complex together with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, a silica source). When the amount of the complex used was 5.0 wt%, hybrid nanospheres showed the best photoluminescence (PL) properties, relative to the PL quantum yield of pure solid [(dfppy)2Ir(TBD)]PF6 (12.7%), that of hybrid nanospheres increased to 26.2%. Moreover, the thermal decomposition temperature (Td) of pure solid [(dfppy)2Ir(TBD)]PF6 was 331 °C, the Td of the complex in hybrid nanospheres increased to 447 °C. However, the yellow light emission was almost unchanged and was still located at 500-750 nm with a maximum wavelength (λem,max) of 577 nm. Under the excitation of blue-emitting chips (λem,max ≈ 455 nm), cold/neutral/warm white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) with good luminous quality can all be fabricated using these hybrid nanospheres as phosphors in epoxy resin at different blending concentrations. Compared with two or three iridium(III) complexes being contained in silica-based particles as phosphors as described in literatures, in this study, silica-based hybrid nanospheres covalently containing only one yellow-emitting cationic iridium(III) complex as phosphors provide a more effective and simpler method for preparation high-performance WLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoju Li
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, No. 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Shanglan Xian
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Huaijun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxiang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Meifang Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutral New Energy Research, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials, School of Chemistry & Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.
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11
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Guo SL, Xiao YH, Pan BB, Su XC. Site-Specific Anchoring a Luminescent Tag in a Protein with Non-Emissive Iridium(III) Complex. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300798. [PMID: 38169080 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Site-specific modification of proteins with synthetic fluorescent tag effectively improves the resolution of imaging, and such a labeling method with negligible three-dimensional structural perturbations and minimal impact on the biological functions of proteins is of high interest to dissect the high-resolution activities of biomolecules in complex systems. To this end, several non-emissive iridium(III) complexes [Ir(C-N)2 (H2 O)2 ]+ OTF- (C-N denotes various cyclometalated ligands) were designed and synthesized. These complexes were tested for attaching a protein by coordinating to H/X (HisMet, HisHis, and HisCys) that are separated by i and i+4 in α-helix. Replacement of the two labile water ligands in the iridium(III) complex by a protein HisHis pair increases the luminescent intensity up to over 100 folds. This labeling approach has been demonstrated in a highly specific and efficient manner in a number of proteins, and it is also feasible for labeling target proteins in cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bin-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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12
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Das B, Gupta S, Mondal A, Kalita KJ, Mallick AI, Gupta P. Tuning the Organelle-Specific Imaging and Photodynamic Therapeutic Efficacy of Theranostic Mono- and Trinuclear Organometallic Iridium(III) Complexes. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15550-15563. [PMID: 37950696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The organelle-specific localization of mononuclear and trinuclear iridium(III) complexes and their photodynamic behavior within the cells are described herein, emphasizing their structure-activity relationship. Both the IrA2 and IrB2 complexes possess a pair of phenyl-benzothiazole derived from the -CHO moieties of mononuclear organometallic iridium(III) complexes IrA1 and IrB1, which chelates IrCp*Cl (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene) to afford trinuclear complexes IrA3 and IrB3. Insights into the photophysical and electrochemical parameters of the complexes were obtained by a time-dependent density functional theory study. The synthesized complexes IrA2, IrA3, IrB2, and IrB3 were found to be nontoxic to human MCF7 breast carcinoma cells. However, the photoexcitation of complexes using LED light could effectively trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to cell death. Furthermore, to check the organelle-specific localization of IrA2 and IrB2, we observed that both complexes could selectively localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, trinuclear IrA3 and IrB3 accumulate in the nuclei. The photoexcitation of complexes using LED light could effectively trigger intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Anushka Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyan Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Parna Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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13
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Tatarin SV, Meshcheriakova EA, Kozyukhin SA, Emets VV, Bezzubov SI. Rational design of efficient photosensitizers based on cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with 2-arylbenzimidazole and aromatic 1,3-diketone ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16261-16275. [PMID: 37855226 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A judicious selection of substituents in cyclometalating 2-arylbenzimidazoles and an ancillary aromatic 1,3-diketone enabled the creation of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes demonstrating strong light absorption up to 500 nm (ε ≈ 10 000-12 000 M-1 cm-1). The complexes, which were studied by various spectroscopic techniques, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and cyclic voltammetry, displayed tunable absorption maxima depending on the nature of substituents and their positions. The experimental study was corroborated by quantum chemical calculations, which showed an increased contribution of intraligand charge transfer transitions to the visible light absorption in the case of complexes containing electron-withdrawing substituents in the ligands. Despite being of high intensity, some of these transitions are responsible for the formation of the excited states located at large distances from the 'anchoring' fragment incorporated in the ancillary ligand. In turn, incorporation of electron-donating substituents at the para-position to the Ir-C bonds increases the number of excited states located on the ancillary ligand. The destabilization of the HOMO, which is caused by the increase in the electron-donating ability of the substituents in the metalated rings, translated into negative shifts of the Ir4+/Ir3+ redox potential, affecting, in some cases, the degree of electrochemical reversibility of the complexes. Several complexes having strong light-harvesting characteristics and undergoing reversible oxidation in the appropriate potential range were used for coating the TiO2 photoanodes, which reached an efficiency of 2.15% upon irradiation with the standard AM 1.5 spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Tatarin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Elizaveta A Meshcheriakova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin's Hills, 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey A Kozyukhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Victor V Emets
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Stanislav I Bezzubov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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14
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Hua L, Zhang KY, Liu HW, Chan KS, Lo KKW. Luminescent iridium(III) porphyrin complexes as near-infrared-emissive biological probes. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12444-12453. [PMID: 37594412 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the design, synthesis and characterisation of a series of luminescent iridium(III) porphyrin complexes [Ir(ttp)(CH2CH2OH)] (H2ttp = 5,10,15,20-tetra-4-tolylporphyrin) (1), [Ir(tpp-Ph-NO2)(CO)Cl] (H2tpp-Ph-NO2 = 5-(4-((4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyloxymethyl)phenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) (2), [Ir(tpp-COOMe)(Py)2](Cl) (H2tpp-COOMe = 5-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin; Py = pyridine) (3) and [Ir(tpp-COOH)(Py)2](Cl) (H2tpp-COOH = 5-(4-carboxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin) (4). All the complexes displayed long-lived near-infrared (NIR) emission attributed to an excited state of mixed triplet intraligand (3IL) (π → π*) (porphyrin) and triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) (dπ(Ir) → π*(porphyrin)) character. The cytotoxicity of the complexes toward HeLa cells was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cationic complexes 3 and 4 exhibited higher cytotoxic activity toward HeLa cells than their neutral counterparts 1 and 2. Cellular uptake studies by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) indicated that complexes 3 and 4 showed higher cellular uptake efficiencies than complexes 1 and 2 due to their cationic charge, and they were enriched in the perinuclear region of the cells with negligible nuclear uptake. Additionally, the carboxyl complex 4 was used to label a model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) via an amidation reaction. The resultant luminescent protein conjugate 4-BSA displayed similar photophysical properties and intracellular localisation behaviour to its parent complex. The results of this work will contribute to the development of luminescent iridium(III) porphyrin complexes and related bioconjugates as NIR-emissive probes for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Bengbu Medical College, Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, P. R. China.
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kin-Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimetre Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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15
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Gómez de Segura D, Giménez N, Rincón-Montón D, Moreno MT, Pichel JG, López IP, Lalinde E. A new family of luminescent [Pt(pbt) 2(C 6F 5)L] n+ ( n = 1, 0) complexes: synthesis, optical and cytotoxic studies. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12390-12403. [PMID: 37594064 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the widely recognized bioactivity of 2-arylbenzothiazoles against tumor cells, we have designed a new family of luminescent heteroleptic pentafluorophenyl-bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolyl) PtIV derivatives, fac-[Pt(pbt)2(C6F5)L]n+ (n = 1, 0) [L = 4-Mepy 1, 4-pyridylbenzothiazole (pybt) 2, 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) 3, 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) 4 (E/Z ratio: 90/10), 1,4-bis-(pyridyl)butadiyne (bpyb) 5, trifluoroacetate (-OCOCF3) 6] and a dinuclear complex [{Pt(pbt)2(C6F5)}2(μ-bpyb)](PF6)27, in which the trans ligand to the metalated C-(pbt) was varied to modify the optical properties and lipophilicity. Their photophysical properties were systematically studied through experimental and theoretical investigations, which were strongly dependent on the identity of the N-bonded ligand. Thus, complexes 1, 3 and 6 display, in different media, emission from the triplet excited states of primarily intraligand 3ILCT nature localized on the pbt ligand, while the emissions of 2, 5 and 7 were ascribed to a mixture of close 3IL'(N donor)/3ILCT(pbt) excited states, as supported by lifetime measurements and theoretical calculations. Irradiation of the initial E/Z mixture of 4 (15 min) led to a steady state composed of roughly 1 : 1.15 (E : Z) and this complex was not emissive at room temperature due to an enhanced intramolecular E to Z isomerization process of the 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene ligand. Complexes 1-3 and 6 showed excellent quantum yields for the generation of singlet oxygen in aerated MeCN solution with the values of ϕ(1O2) ranging from 0.66 to 0.86 using phenalenone as a reference. Cationic complexes 1-3 exhibited remarkable efficacy in the nanomolar range against A549 (lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix carcinoma) cell lines with notable selectivity relative to the non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B (bronchial epithelium) cells. In the A549 cell line, the neutral complex 6 showed low cytotoxicity (IC50: 29.40 μM) and high photocytotoxicity (IC50: 5.75) when cells were irradiated with blue light for 15 min. These complexes do not show evidence of DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - David Rincón-Montón
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - José G Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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16
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Zhu R, Dai P, Yang J, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhang KY, Li Y, Liu S, Lo KKW, Zhao Q. Dual-emissive Iridium(III) Complexes as Phosphorescent Probes with Orthogonal Responses to Analyte Binding and Oxygen Quenching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309178. [PMID: 37503796 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescent probes often show sensitive response toward analytes at a specific wavelength. However, oxygen quenching usually occurs at the same wavelength and thus hinders the accurate detection of analytes. In this study, we have developed dual-emissive iridium(III) complexes that exhibit phosphorescence responses to copper(II) ions at a wavelength distinct from that where oxygen quenching occurs. The complexes displayed colorimetric phosphorescence response in aqueous solutions under different copper(II) and oxygen conditions. In cellular imaging, variation in oxygen concentration over a large range from 5 % to 80 % can modulate the intensity and lifetime of green phosphorescence without affecting the response of red phosphorescence toward intracellular copper(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peiling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kenneth Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | | | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
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17
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Kanbe A, Yokoi K, Yamada Y, Tsurui M, Kitagawa Y, Hasegawa Y, Ogata D, Yuasa J, Aoki S. Optical Resolution of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Homoleptic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes via Diastereomers Formed with Chiral Auxiliaries. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11325-11341. [PMID: 37432912 PMCID: PMC10369494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a facile method for the optical resolution of cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes via diastereomers formed with chiral auxiliaries. The racemic carboxylic acids of Ir(III) complexes (fac-4 (fac-Ir(ppyCO2H)3 (ppy: 2-phenylpyridine)), fac-6 (fac-Ir(tpyCO2H)3 (tpy: 2-(4'-tolyl)pyridine)), and fac-13 (fac-Ir(mpiqCO2H)3 (mpiq: 1-(4'-methylphenyl)isoquinoline))) were converted into the diastereomers, Δ- and Λ-forms of fac-9 (from fac-6), fac-10 (from fac-4), fac-11 (from fac-6), and fac-14 (from fac-13), respectively, by the condensation with (1R,2R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane or (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexanol. The resulting diastereomers were separated by HPLC (with a nonchiral column) or silica gel column chromatography, and their absolute stereochemistry was determined by X-ray single-crystal structure analysis and CD (circular dichroism) spectra. Spectra of all diastereomers of the Ir(III) complexes are reported. Hydrolysis of the ester moieties of Δ- and Λ-forms of fac-10, fac-11, and fac-14 gave both enantiomers of the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives in the optically pure forms, Δ-fac and Λ-fac-4, -6, and -13, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kanbe
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Research
Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST,
PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsurui
- Graduate
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kitagawa
- Faculty of
Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Hasegawa
- Faculty of
Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
- Institute
for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Daiji Ogata
- Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Faculty
of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research
Institute for Biomedical Science (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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18
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Yokoi K, Yasuda Y, Kanbe A, Imura T, Aoki S. Development of Wireless Power-Transmission-Based Photodynamic Therapy for the Induction of Cell Death in Cancer Cells by Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031433. [PMID: 36771099 PMCID: PMC9919167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a noninvasive method for cancer therapy, involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the photochemical excitation of photosensitizers (PSs) to induce cell death in cancer cells. A variety of PS including porphyrin derivatives and metal complexes such as iridium (Ir) complexes have been reported. In clinical trials, red-near infrared (NIR) light (650-900 nm) is preferred for the excitation of PSs due to its deeper penetration into tissues compared with visible light (400-500 nm). To overcome this limitation, we established a PDT system that uses cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes that are excited with blue light in the wireless power transmission (WPT) system. To achieve this, we developed a light-emitting diode (LED) light device equipped with a receiver coil that receives electricity from the transmitter coil through magnetic resonance coupling. The LEDs in the receiving device use blue light (470 nm) to irradiate a given Ir(III) complex and excite triplet oxygen (3O2) to singlet oxygen (1O2) which induces cell death in HeLa S3 cells (human cervical carcinoma cells). The results obtained in this study suggest that WPT-based PDT represents a potentially new method for the treatment of tumors by a non-battery LED, which are otherwise difficult to treat by previous PDT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yasuda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Azusa Kanbe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takehiro Imura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (S.A.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3670 (S.A.)
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.I.); (S.A.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3670 (S.A.)
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19
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Yu H, Yu B, Song Y, Hai P. Recent advances of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes for optical oxygen sensing. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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20
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Wang X, Zhang C, Madji R, Voros C, Mazères S, Bijani C, Deraeve C, Cuvillier O, Gornitzka H, Maddelein ML, Hemmert C. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Iridium Complexes as Photosensitizers for In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy to Trigger Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020691. [PMID: 36677751 PMCID: PMC9861386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of seven novel iridium complexes were synthetized and characterized as potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Among them, four complexes were evaluated in vitro for their anti-proliferative activity with and without irradiation on a panel of five cancer cell lines, namely PC-3 (prostate cancer), T24 (bladder cancer), MCF7 (breast cancer), A549 (lung cancer) and HeLa (cervix cancer), and two non-cancerous cell models (NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and MC3T3 osteoblasts). After irradiation at 458 nm, all tested complexes showed a strong selectivity against cancer cells, with a selectivity index (SI) ranging from 8 to 34 compared with non-cancerous cells. The cytotoxic effect of all these complexes was found to be independent of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. The compound exhibiting the best selectivity, complex 4a, was selected for further investigations. Complex 4a was mainly localized in the mitochondria. We found that the loss of cell viability and the decrease in ATP and GSH content induced by complex 4a were independent of both Bcl-xL and caspase activation, leading to a non-apoptotic cell death. By counteracting the intrinsic or acquired resistance to apoptosis associated with cancer, complex 4a could be an interesting therapeutic alternative to be studied in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Chen Zhang
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ryma Madji
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Voros
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mazères
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Christian Bijani
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Deraeve
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (H.G.); (M.-L.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Heinz Gornitzka
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (H.G.); (M.-L.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Marie-Lise Maddelein
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (H.G.); (M.-L.M.); (C.H.)
| | - Catherine Hemmert
- Coordination Chemistry Laboratory of the National Centre for Scientific Research (LCC-CNRS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31077 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (H.G.); (M.-L.M.); (C.H.)
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21
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Naithani S, Goswami T, Thetiot F, Kumar S. Imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline based luminescent probes for anion recognition: Recent achievements and challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Jiang C, Cañada LM, Nguyen NB, Teets TS. Luminescent “Chugaev-type” Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Synthesized by Nucleophilic Addition of Hydrazine. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Iridium-Functionalized Cellulose Microcrystals as a Novel Luminescent Biomaterial for Biocomposites. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091165. [PMID: 36139004 PMCID: PMC9496223 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is an emerging material with outstanding properties in many scientific and industrial fields, in particular as an additive in composite materials. Its surface modification allows for the fine-tuning of its properties and the exploitation of these materials in a plethora of applications. In this paper, we present the covalent linkage of a luminescent Ir-complex onto the surface of MCC, representing the first incorporation of an organometallic luminescent probe in this biomaterial. This goal has been achieved with an easy and sustainable procedure, which employs a Bronsted-acid ionic liquid as a catalyst for the esterification reaction of -OH cellulose surface groups. The obtained luminescent cellulose microcrystals display high and stable emissions with the incorporation of only a small amount of iridium (III). Incorporation of MCC-Ir in dry and wet matrices, such as films and gels, has been also demonstrated, showing the maintenance of the luminescent properties even in possible final manufacturers.
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24
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Aoki S, Yokoi K, Hisamatsu Y, Balachandran C, Tamura Y, Tanaka T. Post-complexation Functionalization of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Applications to Biomedical and Material Sciences. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:36. [PMID: 35948812 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes exhibit excellent photophysical properties that include large Stokes shift, high emission quantum yields, and microsecond-order emission lifetimes, due to low-lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer (spin-forbidden singlet-triplet (3MLCT) transition). As a result, analogs have been applied for research not only in the material sciences, such as the development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but also for photocatalysts, bioimaging probes, and anticancer reagents. Although a variety of methods for the synthesis and the applications of functionalized cyclometalated iridium complexes have been reported, functional groups are generally introduced to the ligands prior to the complexation with Ir salts. Therefore, it is difficult to introduce thermally unstable functional groups such as peptides and sugars due to the harsh reaction conditions such as the high temperatures used in the complexation with Ir salts. In this review, the functionalization of Ir complexes after the formation of cyclometalated Ir complexes and their biological and material applications are described. These methods are referred to as "post-complexation functionalization (PCF)." In this review, applications of PCF to the design and synthesis of Ir(III) complexes that exhibit blue -red and white color emissions, luminescence pH probes, luminescent probes of cancer cells, compounds that induce cell death in cancer cells, and luminescent complexes that have long emission lifetimes are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes for Biolabeling and Biosensing. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:35. [PMID: 35948820 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence emission with lifetime of submicroseconds to several microseconds at room temperature. Their synthetic versatility enables broad control of physical properties, such as charge and lipophilicity, as well as emission colors. These favorable properties have motivated the use of Ir(III) complexes in luminescent bioimaging applications. This review examines the recent progress in the development of phosphorescent biolabels and sensors based on Ir(III) complexes. It begins with a brief introduction about the basic principles of the syntheses and photophysical processes of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes. Focus is placed on illustrating the broad imaging utility of Ir(III) complexes. Phosphorescent labels illuminating intracellular organelles, including mitochondria, lysosomes, and cell membranes, are summarized. Ir(III) complexes capable of visualization of tumor spheroids and parasites are also introduced. Facile chemical modification of the cyclometalating ligands endows the Ir(III) complexes with strong sensing ability. Sensors of temperature, pH, CO2, metal ions, anions, biosulfur species, reactive oxygen species, peptides, and viscosity have recently been added to the molecular imaging tools. This diverse utility demonstrates the potential of phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes toward bioimaging applications.
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26
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Cytotoxic Activities of Bis‐cyclometalated
M
(III) Complexes (
M
=Rh, Ir) Containing 5‐substituted 1,10‐Phenanthroline or 4,4’‐substituted 2,2’‐Bipyridine Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Mu X, Zhang W, Yi C, Li MJ, Fu F. Colorimetric and Photoluminescent Probes Based on Iridium(III) Complexes for Highly Selective Detection of Homocysteine. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Katlenok EA, Rozhkov AV, Ramazanov RR, Valiev RR, Levin OV, Goryachiy DO, Taydakov IV, Kuznetsov ML, Kukushkin VY. Photo- and Electroluminescent Neutral Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing Imidoylamidinate Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8670-8684. [PMID: 35650511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imidoylamidinate-based heteroleptic bis(2-phenylbenzothiazole)iridium(III) and -rhodium(III) complexes [(bt)2M(N∩N)] (bt = 2-phenylbenzothiazole, N∩N = N'-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetimidamidyl (Ir1 and Rh1), N'-(6-fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetimidamidyl (Ir2), N'-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)acetimidamidyl (Ir3), N'-(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)acetimidamidyl (Ir4); yields 70-84%) were obtained by the reaction of the in situ-generated solvento-complex [(bt)2M(NCMe)2]NO3 and benzo[d]thia/oxa/N-methylimidozol-2-amines in the presence of NaOMe. Complexes Ir1-4 exhibited intense orange photoluminescence, reaching 37% at room temperature quantum yields, being immobilized in a poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. A photophysical study of these species in a CH2Cl2 solution, neat powder, and frozen (77 K) MeOC2H4OH-EtOH glass matrix─along with density-functional theory (DFT), ab initio methods, and spin-orbit coupling time-dependent DFT calculations─verified the effects of substitution in the imidoylamidinate ligands on the excited-state properties. Electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry) and theoretical DFT studies demonstrated noninnocent behavior of the imidoylamidinate ligands in Ir1-4 and Rh1 complexes due to the significant contribution coming from these ligands in the HOMO of the complexes. The iridium(III) species exhibit a ligand (L, 2-phenylbenzothiazole)-centered (3LC), metal-to-ligand (L', imidoylamidinate) charge-transfer (3ML'CT,3MLCT) character of their emission. The imidoylamidinate-based iridium(III) species were proved to be effective as the emissive dopant in an organic light-emitting diode device, fabricated in the framework of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Katlenok
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anton V Rozhkov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ruslan R Ramazanov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rashid R Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oleg V Levin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii O Goryachiy
- P.N. Lebedev Physical of the Institute Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky Pr., 53, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya V Taydakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical of the Institute Russian Academy of Science, Leninsky Pr., 53, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim L Kuznetsov
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Crystal Engineering of Functional Materials, South Ural State University, 76, Lenin Av., 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
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29
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Pete S, Roy N, Kar B, Paira P. Construction of homo and heteronuclear Ru(II), Ir(III) and Re(I) complexes for target specific cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Kar B, Shanavas S, Nagendra AH, Das U, Roy N, Pete S, Sharma S A, De S, Kumar S K A, Vardhan S, Sahoo SK, Panda D, Shenoy S, Bose B, Paira P. Iridium(III)-Cp*-(imidazo[4,5- f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenol analogues as hypoxia active, GSH-resistant cancer cytoselective and mitochondria-targeting cancer stem cell therapeutic agents. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5494-5514. [PMID: 35293923 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we have introduced a series of iridium(III)-Cp*-(imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenol complexes via a convenient synthetic methodology, which act as hypoxia active and glutathione-resistant anticancer metallotherapeutics. The [IrIII(Cp*)(L5)(Cl)](PF6) (IrL5) complex exhibited the best cytoselectivity, GSH resistance and hypoxia effectivity in HeLa and Caco-2 cells among the synthesized complexes. IrL5 also exhibited highly cytotoxic effects on the HCT-116 CSC cell line. This complex was localized in the mitochondria and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction was observed via MMP alteration and ROS generation on colorectal cancer stem cells. Cell cycle analysis also established the potential of this complex in mediating G2/M phase cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binoy Kar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Shanooja Shanavas
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Apoorva H Nagendra
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Sudhindra Pete
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ajay Sharma S
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Sourav De
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar S K
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Seshu Vardhan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchanath, Surat, Gujrat-395007, India.
| | - Suban K Sahoo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Ichchanath, Surat, Gujrat-395007, India.
| | - Debashis Panda
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, An Institution of National Importance, Jais, Amethi-229304, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sudheer Shenoy
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India.
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31
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Xu K, Xie X, Zheng LM. Iridium-lanthanide complexes: Structures, properties and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Lorenzo-Aparicio C, Gómez Gallego M, Ramírez de Arellano C, Sierra MA. Phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes derived from purine nucleobases. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5138-5150. [PMID: 35266928 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the preparation and the study of new types of neutral and cationic phosphorescent heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes derived from 6-phenylpurine nucleosides and nucleotides. Neutral complexes of general formula Ir(C^N)2(acac) 7, and 8a-c (HC^N = 9-substituted-6-phenyl purine) are orange-red emissive upon photoexcitation, with short lifetimes and good quantum yields (0.42-0.65) in both PMMA films and 2-MeTHF at room temperature. In turn, cationic complexes [Ir(C^N)2(dtb-bpy)][PF6] 9, 12a and 12c (dtb-bpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridine) are yellow-green emitters with moderate quantum yields (0.24-0.32).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lorenzo-Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Mar Gómez Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez de Arellano
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, 46100-Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain
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33
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Tuning the emission maxima of iridium systems using benzimidazole-based cyclometallating framework. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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Mizukami K, Muraoka T, Shiozaki S, Tobita S, Yoshihara T. Near-Infrared Emitting Ir(III) Complexes Bearing a Dipyrromethene Ligand for Oxygen Imaging of Deeper Tissues In Vivo. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2794-2802. [PMID: 35109653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) using a phosphorescent oxygen probe is an innovative technique for elucidating the behavior of oxygen in living tissues. In this study, we designed and synthesized an Ir(III) complex, PPYDM-BBMD, that exhibits long-lived phosphorescence in the near-infrared region and enables in vivo oxygen imaging in deeper tissues. PPYDM-BBMD has a π-extended ligand based on a meso-mesityl dipyrromethene structure and phenylpyridine ligands with cationic dimethylamino groups to promote intracellular uptake. This complex gave a phosphorescence spectrum with a maximum at 773 nm in the wavelength range of the so-called biological window and exhibited an exceptionally long lifetime (18.5 μs in degassed acetonitrile), allowing for excellent oxygen sensitivity even in the near-infrared window. PPYDM-BBMD showed a high intracellular uptake in cultured cells and mainly accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum. We evaluated the oxygen sensitivity of PPYDM-BBMD phosphorescence in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells based on the Stern-Volmer analysis, which gave an O2-induced quenching rate constant of 1.42 × 103 mmHg-1 s-1. PPYDM-BBMD was administered in the tail veins of anesthetized mice, and confocal one-photon PLIM images of hepatic tissues were measured at different depths from the liver surfaces. The PLIM images visualized the oxygen gradients in hepatic lobules up to a depth of about 100 μm from the liver surfaces with a cellular-level resolution, allowing for the quantification of oxygen partial pressure based on calibration results using AML12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Mizukami
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takako Muraoka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
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35
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Zhou J, Li J, Zhang KY, Liu S, Zhao Q. Phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes as lifetime-based biological sensors for photoluminescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Yoon S, Teets TS. Enhanced deep red to near-infrared (DR-NIR) phosphorescence in cyclometalated iridium( iii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi02058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes with highly conjugated cyclometalating ligands and electron-rich ancillary ligands have exceptional quantum yields for deep-red to near-infrared phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Yoon
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
| | - Thomas S. Teets
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA
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Yu. Gitlina A, Fadaei-Tirani F, Ruggi A, Plaice C, Severin K. Acid-base-induced fac → mer isomerization of luminescent iridium( iii) complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10370-10374. [PMID: 36277648 PMCID: PMC9473533 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02808e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From fac to mer and back: a clean, fast and simple procedure for the transformation of fac-Ir(C^N)3 complexes into the thermodynamically less stable mer isomers is described. The process enables the interconversion of luminophores with distinct photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Yu. Gitlina
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Département de Chimie, Université de Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Plaice
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bonelli J, Ortega-Forte E, Vigueras G, Bosch M, Cutillas N, Rocas J, Ruiz J, Marchan V. Polyurethane-polyurea hybrid nanocapsules as efficient delivery systems of anticancer Ir(III) metallodrugs. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes hold great promise as an alternative to platinum metallodrugs for therapy and diagnosis of cancer. However, low aqueous solubility and poor cell membrane permeability difficult in vivo...
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39
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Dai P, Li J, Tang M, Yan D, Xu Z, Li YH, Chen Z, Liu SJ, Zhao Q, Zhang KY. Cellular imaging properties of phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes substituted with ester or amide groups. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10501-10506. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01551j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We reported four iridium(III) complexes substituted with ester or amide groups as luminescent cellular imaging reagents. While three of the complexes stained the cytoplasm, the other complex showed the exceptional...
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Mondal A, Shanavas S, Sen U, Das U, Roy N, Bose B, Paira P. Mitochondria-targeted half-sandwich iridium( iii)-Cp*-arylimidazophenanthroline complexes as antiproliferative and bioimaging agents against triple negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-468. RSC Adv 2022; 12:11953-11966. [PMID: 35481100 PMCID: PMC9016803 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the side effects of marketed cancer drugs against triple negative breast cancer cells we have reported mitochondria targeting half-sandwich iridium(iii)-Cp*-arylimidazophenanthroline complexes for MDA-MB-468 cell therapy and diagnosis. Out of five Ir(iii) complexes (IrL1–IrL5), [iridium(iii)-Cp*-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline]PF6 (IrL1) has exhibited the best cytoselectivity against MDA-MB-468 cells compared to normal HaCaT cells along with excellent binding efficacy with DNA as well as serum albumin. The subcellular localization study of the complex revealed the localization of the compound in cytoplasm thereby pointing to a possible mitochondrial localization and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction via MMP alteration and ROS generation. Moreover, the IrL1 complex facilitated a substantial G1 phase cell-cycle arrest of MDA-MB-468 cells at the highest tested concentration of 5 μM. The study verdicts support the prospective therapeutic potential of the IrL1 complex in the treatment and eradication of triple negative breast cancer cells. These results validate that these types of scaffolds will be fairly able to exert great potential for tumor diagnosis as well as therapy in the near future. Mitochondria targeting half-sandwich Iridium(iii)-Cp*-arylimidazophenanthroline complexes have been developed for MDA-MB-468 cell therapy and diagnosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashaparna Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Shanooja Shanavas
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Utsav Sen
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Department Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Institution Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
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Chelushkin PS, Shakirova JR, Kritchenkov IS, Baigildin VA, Tunik SP. Phosphorescent NIR emitters for biomedicine: applications, advances and challenges. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1257-1280. [PMID: 34878463 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Application of NIR (near-infrared) emitting transition metal complexes in biomedicine is a rapidly developing area of research. Emission of this class of compounds in the "optical transparency windows" of biological tissues and the intrinsic sensitivity of their phosphorescence to oxygen resulted in the preparation of several commercial oxygen sensors capable of deep (up to whole-body) and quantitative mapping of oxygen gradients suitable for in vivo experimental studies. In addition to this achievement, the last decade has also witnessed the increased growth of successful alternative applications of NIR phosphors that include (i) site-specific in vitro and in vivo visualization of sophisticated biological models ranging from 3D cell cultures to intact animals; (ii) sensing of various biologically relevant analytes, such as pH, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, RedOx agents, etc.; (iii) and several therapeutic applications such as photodynamic (PDT), photothermal (PTT), and photoactivated cancer (PACT) therapies as well as their combinations with other therapeutic and imaging modalities to yield new variants of combined therapies and theranostics. Nevertheless, emerging applications of these compounds in experimental biomedicine and their implementation as therapeutic agents practically applicable in PDT, PTT, and PACT face challenges related to a critically important improvement of their photophysical and physico-chemical characteristics. This review outlines the current state of the art and achievements of the last decade and stresses the most promising trends, major development prospects, and challenges in the design of NIR phosphors suitable for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Chelushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Julia R Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ilya S Kritchenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vadim A Baigildin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Ho P, Lee S, Kam C, Zhu J, Shan G, Hong Y, Wong W, Chen S. Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria Based on Cationic Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Aggregation-Induced Emission Properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100706. [PMID: 34296536 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the emerging methods for curbing multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Effective fluorescent photosensitizers with dual functions of bacteria imaging and PDT applications are highly desirable. In this study, three cationic and heteroleptic cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes with the formula of [Ir(CˆN)2 (NˆN)][PF6 ] are prepared and characterized. These Ir(III) complexes named Ir(ppy)2 bP, Ir(1-pq)2 bP, and Ir(2-pq)2 bP are comprised of three CˆN ligands (i.e., 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 1-phenylisoquinoline (1-pq), and 2-phenylquinoline (2-pq)) and one NˆN bidentate co-ligand (bP). The photophysical characterizations demonstrate that these Ir(III) complexes are red-emitting, aggregation-induced emission active luminogens. The substitution of phenylpyridine with phenylquinoline isomers in the molecules greatly enhances their UV and visible-light absorbance as well as the photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability. All three Ir(III) complexes can stain both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria efficiently. Interestingly, even though Ir(1-pq)2 bP and Ir(2-pq)2 bP are constitutional isomers with very similar structures and similar ROS generation ability in buffer, the former eradicates bacteria much more effectively than the other through white light-irradiated photodynamic inactivation. This work will provide valuable information on the rational design of Ir(III) complexes for fluorescence imaging and efficient photodynamic inactivation of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po‐Yu Ho
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Sin‐Ying Lee
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chuen Kam
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Junfei Zhu
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Gang Shan
- Institute of Functional Materials Chemistry and National & Local United Engineering Lab for Power Battery Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 P. R. China
| | - Yuning Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Wai‐Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Sijie Chen
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine Karolinska Institutet Hong Kong P. R. China
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43
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Ilic S, Cairnie DR, Bridgewater CM, Morris AJ. Investigation into dual emission of a cyclometalated iridium complex: The role of ion-pairing. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Schindler K, Zobi F. Photochemistry of Rhenium(i) Diimine Tricarbonyl Complexes in Biological Applications. Chimia (Aarau) 2021; 75:837-844. [PMID: 34728010 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2021.837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent rhenium complexes continue to be the focus of growing scientific interest for catalytic, diagnostic and therapeutic applications, with emphasis on the development of their photophysical and photochemical properties. In this short review, we explore such properties with a focus on the biological applications of the molecules. We discuss the importance of the ligand choice to the contribution and their involvement towards the most significant electronic transitions of the metal species and what strategies are used to exploit the potential of the molecules in medicinal applications. We begin by detailing the photophysics of the molecules; we then describe the three most common photoreactions of rhenium complexes as photosensitizers in H₂ production, photocatalysts in CO₂ reduction and photochemical ligand substitution. In the last part, we describe their applications as luminescent cellular probes and how photochemical ligand substitution is utilized in the development of photoactive carbon monoxide-releasing molecules as anticancer and antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;,
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46
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Rubio AR, González R, Busto N, Vaquero M, Iglesias AL, Jalón FA, Espino G, Rodríguez AM, García B, Manzano BR. Anticancer Activity of Half-Sandwich Ru, Rh and Ir Complexes with Chrysin Derived Ligands: Strong Effect of the Side Chain in the Ligand and Influence of the Metal. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1540. [PMID: 34683834 PMCID: PMC8537477 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in the field of anticancer chemotherapy is the search for new species to overcome the resistance of standard drugs. An interesting approach is to link bioactive ligands to metal fragments. In this work, we have synthesized a set of p-cymene-Ru or cyclopentadienyl-M (M = Rh, Ir) complexes with four chrysin-derived pro-ligands with different -OR substituents at position 7 of ring A. The introduction of a piperidine ring on chrysin led to the highly cytotoxic pro-ligand HL4 and its metal complexes L4-M (SW480 and A549 cell lines, cytotoxic order: L4-Ir > L4-Ru ≈ L4-Rh). HL4 and its complexes induce apoptosis and can overcome cis-platinum resistance. However, HL4 turns out to be more cytotoxic in healthy than in tumor cells in contrast to its metal complexes which displayed higher selectivity than cisplatin towards cancer cells. All L4-M complexes interact with double stranded DNA. Nonetheless, the influence of the metal is clear because only complex L4-Ir causes DNA cleavage, through the generation of highly reactive oxygen species (1O2). This result supports the hypothesis of a potential dual mechanism consisting of two different chemical pathways: DNA binding and ROS generation. This behavior provides this complex with a great effectivity in terms of cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Rubio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Rocío González
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Mónica Vaquero
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana L. Iglesias
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología (FCITEC), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario # 1000, Unidad Valle de las Palmas, Baja California, Tijuana 21500, Mexico
| | - Félix A. Jalón
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
| | - Gustavo Espino
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 2, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | - Begoña García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain; (A.R.R.); (M.V.); (G.E.); (B.G.)
| | - Blanca R. Manzano
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. C. J. Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (R.G.); (A.L.I.); (F.A.J.)
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Zhang Y, Qiao J. Near-infrared emitting iridium complexes: Molecular design, photophysical properties, and related applications. iScience 2021; 24:102858. [PMID: 34381981 PMCID: PMC8340135 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have become popular displays from small screens of wearables to large screens of televisions. In those active-matrix OLED displays, phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes serve as the indispensable green and red emitters because of their high luminous efficiency, excellent color tunability, and high durability. However, in contrast to their brilliant success in the visible region, iridium complexes are still underperforming in the near-infrared (NIR) region, particular in poor luminous efficiency according to the energy gap law. In this review, we first recall the basic theory of phosphorescent iridium complexes and explore their full potential for NIR emission. Next, the recent advances in NIR-emitting iridium complexes are summarized by highlighting design strategies and the structure-properties relationship. Some important implications for controlling photophysical properties are revealed. Moreover, as promising applications, NIR-OLEDs and bio-imaging based on NIR Ir(III) complexes are also presented. Finally, challenges and opportunities for NIR-emitting iridium complexes are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Juan Qiao
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.,Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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48
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Hao L, Zhong YM, Tan CP, Mao ZW. Acidity-responsive phosphorescent metal complexes for cancer imaging and theranostic applications. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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He M, Chen F, Shao D, Weis P, Wei Z, Sun W. Photoresponsive metallopolymer nanoparticles for cancer theranostics. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120915. [PMID: 34102525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, transition metal complexes have been successfully used in anticancer phototherapies. They have shown promising properties in many different areas including photo-induced ligand exchange or release, rich excited state behavior, and versatile biochemical properties. When encorporated into polymeric frameworks and become part of nanostructures, photoresponsive metallopolymer nanoparticles (MPNs) show enhanced water solubility, extended blood circulation and increased tumor-specific accumulation, which greatly improves the tumor therapeutic effects compared to low-molecule-weight metal complexes. In this review, we aim to present the recent development of photoresponsive MPNs as therapeutic nanomedicines. This review will summarize four major areas separately, namely platinum-containing polymers, zinc-containing polymers, iridium-containing polymers and ruthenium-containing polymers. Representative MPNs of each type are discussed in terms of their design strategies, fabrication methods, and working mechanisms. Current challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maomao He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Philipp Weis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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50
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Fecková M, Kahlal S, Roisnel T, Saillard J, Boixel J, Hruzd M, Poul P, Gauthier S, Robin‐le Guen F, Bureš F, Achelle S. Cyclometallated 2‐Phenylpyrimidine Derived Platinum Complexes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Fecková
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
| | - Samia Kahlal
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Jean‐Yves Saillard
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Julien Boixel
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Mariia Hruzd
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Pascal Poul
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Françoise Robin‐le Guen
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentská 573 Pardubice 53210 Czech Republic
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- University Rennes, CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes – UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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