1
|
Xu J, Zhang L, Shi Y, Liu C. Carbazolyl-Modified Neutral Ir(III) Complexes for Efficient Detection of Picric Acid in Aqueous Media. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4074. [PMID: 39000852 PMCID: PMC11244125 DOI: 10.3390/s24134074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Based on the electron-deficient property of picric acid (PA), two neutral Ir(III) complexes 1 and 2 modified with the electron-rich carbazolyl groups were synthesized and characterized. Both 1 and 2 exhibit aggregation-induced phosphorescence emission (AIPE) properties in THF/H2O. Among them, 2 is extremely sensitive for detecting PA with a limit of detection of 0.15 μM in THF/H2O. Furthermore, the selectivity for PA is significantly higher compared to other analytes, enabling the efficient detection of PA in four common water samples. The density functional theory calculations and the spectroscopic results confirm that the sensing mechanism is photo-induced electron transfer (PET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dasari N, Guntuku GS, Pindiprolu SKSS. Targeting triple negative breast cancer stem cells using nanocarriers. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:41. [PMID: 38453756 PMCID: PMC10920615 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, encompassing various subtypes characterized by distinct molecular features, clinical behaviors, and treatment responses. Categorization of subtypes is based on the presence or absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), leading to subtypes such as luminal A, luminal B, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC, comprising around 20% of all breast cancers, lacks expression of ER, PR, and HER2 receptors, rendering it unresponsive to targeted therapies and presenting significant challenges in treatment. TNBC is associated with aggressive behavior, high rates of recurrence, and resistance to chemotherapy. Tumor initiation, progression, and treatment resistance in TNBC are attributed to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which possess self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenic potential. Surface markers, self-renewal pathways (Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog signaling), apoptotic protein (Bcl-2), angiogenesis inhibition (VEGF inhibitors), and immune modulation (cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors) are among the key targets discussed in this review. However, targeting the BCSC subpopulation in TNBC presents challenges, including off-target effects, low solubility, and bioavailability of anti-BCSC agents. Nanoparticle-based therapies offer a promising approach to target various molecular pathways and cellular processes implicated in survival of BSCS in TNBC. In this review, we explore various nanocarrier-based approaches for targeting BCSCs in TNBC, aiming to overcome these challenges and improve treatment outcomes for TNBC patients. These nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies hold promise for addressing the therapeutic gap in TNBC treatment by delivering targeted therapies to BCSCs while minimizing systemic toxicity and enhancing treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagasen Dasari
- Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
- Aditya Pharmacy College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Girija Sankar Guntuku
- Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Kiran S S Pindiprolu
- Aditya Pharmacy College, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng K, Yang J, Su H, Yang S, Gu X, Zhang Z, Zhao H. Enhanced Competitive Immunomagnetic Beads Assay Assisted with PAMAM-Gold Nanoparticles Multi-Enzyme Probes for Detection of Deoxynivalenol. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050536. [PMID: 37232897 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of deoxynivalenol (DON) in grains has attracted widespread concern. It is urgently needed to develop a highly sensitive and robust assay for DON high-throughput screening. Antibody against DON was assembled on the surface of immunomagnetic beads orientationally by the aid of Protein G. AuNPs were obtained under the scaffolding of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM). DON-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was combined on the periphery of AuNPs/PAMAM by a covalent link to develop DON-HRP/AuNPs/PAMAM. Magnetic immunoassay based on DON-HRP/AuNPs/PAMAM was optimized and that based on DON-HRP/AuNPs and DON-HRP was adopted as comparison. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.447 ng/mL, 0.127 ng/mL and 0.035 ng/mL for magnetic immunoassays based on DON-HRP, DON-HRP/Au and DON-HRP/Au/PAMAM, respectively. Magnetic immunoassay based on DON-HRP/AuNPs/PAMAM displayed higher specificity towards DON and was utilized to analyze grain samples. The recovery for the spiked DON in grain samples was 90.8-116.2% and the method presented a good correlation with UPLC/MS. It was found that the concentration of DON was in the range of ND-3.76 ng/mL. This method allows the integration of dendrimer-inorganic NPs with signal amplification properties for applications in food safety analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zeng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hao Su
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinkai Gu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 100 Minjiang Ave, Quzhou 324000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ernenwein D, Geisler I, Pavlishchuk A, Chmielewski J. Metal-Assembled Collagen Peptide Microflorettes as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072953. [PMID: 37049716 PMCID: PMC10095756 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that provides detailed information on tissues and organs. However, the low sensitivity of the technique requires the use of contrast agents, usually ones that are based on the chelates of gadolinium ions. In an effort to improve MRI signal intensity, we developed two strategies whereby the ligand DOTA and Gd(III) ions are contained within Zn(II)-promoted collagen peptide (NCoH) supramolecular assemblies. The DOTA moiety was included in the assembly either via a collagen peptide sidechain (NHdota) or through metal–ligand interactions with a His-tagged DOTA conjugate (DOTA-His6). SEM verified that the morphology of the NCoH assembly was maintained in the presence of the DOTA-containing peptides (microflorettes), and EDX and ICP-MS confirmed that Gd(III) ions were incorporated within the microflorettes. The Gd(III)-loaded DOTA florettes demonstrated higher intensities for the T1-weighted MRI signal and higher longitudinal relaxivity (r1) values, as compared to the clinically used contrast agent Magnevist. Additionally, no appreciable cellular toxicity was observed with the collagen microflorettes loaded with Gd(III). Overall, two peptide-based materials were generated that have potential as MRI contrast agents.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sabaghi V, Davar F, Rashidi-Ranjbar P, Sharif-Paghaleh E. Hierarchical design of intelligent α-MnO2-based theranostics nanoplatform for TME-activated drug delivery and T1-weighted MRI. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
6
|
Gerelkhuu Z, Lee YI, Yoon TH. Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3470. [PMID: 36234598 PMCID: PMC9565472 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, upconversion nanomaterials (UCNMs) have attracted considerable research interest because of their unique optical properties, such as large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emissions, non-photobleaching, and long lifetime. These unique properties make them ideal candidates for unified applications in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy for specific cancers. This review describes the general mechanisms of upconversion, synthesis methods, and potential applications in biology and their biological responses. Additionally, the biological toxicity of UCNMs is explained and summarized with the associated intracellular association mechanisms. Finally, the prospects and future challenges of UCNMs at the clinical level in biological applications are described, along with a summary of opportunity for biological as well as clinical applications of UCNMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yong-Ill Lee
- Department of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Korea
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 71408, Vietnam
| | - Tae Hyun Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute of Next Generation Material Design, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balkaner O, Sarıoğulları DI, Uslu A. A synthetic strategy of P-stereogenic ligands for catalysis: Examples based on cyclotriphosphazenes. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
8
|
Agafonov MA, Alexandrov EV, Artyukhova NA, Bekmukhamedov GE, Blatov VA, Butova VV, Gayfulin YM, Garibyan AA, Gafurov ZN, Gorbunova YG, Gordeeva LG, Gruzdev MS, Gusev AN, Denisov GL, Dybtsev DN, Enakieva YY, Kagilev AA, Kantyukov AO, Kiskin MA, Kovalenko KA, Kolker AM, Kolokolov DI, Litvinova YM, Lysova AA, Maksimchuk NV, Mironov YV, Nelyubina YV, Novikov VV, Ovcharenko VI, Piskunov AV, Polyukhov DM, Polyakov VA, Ponomareva VG, Poryvaev AS, Romanenko GV, Soldatov AV, Solovyeva MV, Stepanov AG, Terekhova IV, Trofimova OY, Fedin VP, Fedin MV, Kholdeeva OA, Tsivadze AY, Chervonova UV, Cherevko AI, Shul′gin VF, Shutova ES, Yakhvarov DG. METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS IN RUSSIA: FROM THE SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE TO FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND MATERIALS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
9
|
Fernandes T, Daniel-da-Silva AL, Trindade T. Metal-dendrimer hybrid nanomaterials for sensing applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
10
|
Xu S, Liu H, Bai Y. Highly sensitive and multiplexed mass spectrometric immunoassay techniques and clinical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5121-5138. [PMID: 35165779 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassay is one of the most important clinical techniques for disease/pathological diagnosis. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a popular and powerful readout technique for immunoassays, generating the mass spectrometric immunoassays (MSIAs) with unbeatable channels for multiplexed detection. The sensitivity of MSIAs has been greatly improved with the development of mass labels from element labels to small-molecular labels. MSIAs are also expended from the representative element MS-based methods to the laser-based organic MS and latest ambient MS, improving in both technology and methodology. Various MSIAs present high potential for clinical applications, including the biomarker screening, the immunohistochemistry, and the advanced single-cell analysis. Here, we give an overall review of the development of MSIAs in recent years, highlighting the latest improvement of mass labels and MS techniques for clinical immunoassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xue SS, Pan Y, Pan W, Liu S, Li N, Tang B. Bioimaging agents based on redox-active transition metal complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9468-9484. [PMID: 36091899 PMCID: PMC9400682 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting the fluctuation and distribution of various bioactive species in biological systems is of great importance in determining diseases at their early stages. Metal complex-based probes have attracted considerable attention in bioimaging applications owing to their unique advantages, such as high luminescence, good photostability, large Stokes shifts, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility. In this review, we summarized the development of redox-active transition metal complex-based probes in recent five years with the metal ions of iron, manganese, and copper, which play essential roles in life and can avoid the introduction of exogenous metals into biological systems. The designing principles that afford these complexes with optical or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging properties are elucidated. The applications of the complexes for bioimaging applications of different bioactive species are demonstrated. The current challenges and potential future directions of these probes for applications in biological systems are also discussed. This review summarizes transition metal complexes as bioimaging agents in optical and magnetic resonance imaging.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Xue
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yingbo Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Shujie Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chelushkin PS, Shakirova JR, Kritchenkov IS, Baigildin VA, Tunik SP. Phosphorescent NIR emitters for biomedicine: applications, advances and challenges. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1257-1280. [PMID: 34878463 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Application of NIR (near-infrared) emitting transition metal complexes in biomedicine is a rapidly developing area of research. Emission of this class of compounds in the "optical transparency windows" of biological tissues and the intrinsic sensitivity of their phosphorescence to oxygen resulted in the preparation of several commercial oxygen sensors capable of deep (up to whole-body) and quantitative mapping of oxygen gradients suitable for in vivo experimental studies. In addition to this achievement, the last decade has also witnessed the increased growth of successful alternative applications of NIR phosphors that include (i) site-specific in vitro and in vivo visualization of sophisticated biological models ranging from 3D cell cultures to intact animals; (ii) sensing of various biologically relevant analytes, such as pH, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, RedOx agents, etc.; (iii) and several therapeutic applications such as photodynamic (PDT), photothermal (PTT), and photoactivated cancer (PACT) therapies as well as their combinations with other therapeutic and imaging modalities to yield new variants of combined therapies and theranostics. Nevertheless, emerging applications of these compounds in experimental biomedicine and their implementation as therapeutic agents practically applicable in PDT, PTT, and PACT face challenges related to a critically important improvement of their photophysical and physico-chemical characteristics. This review outlines the current state of the art and achievements of the last decade and stresses the most promising trends, major development prospects, and challenges in the design of NIR phosphors suitable for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Chelushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Julia R Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Ilya S Kritchenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vadim A Baigildin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang B, Martí AA. Probing Amyloid Nanostructures Using Photoluminescent Metal Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main St, Chemistry MS60 Houston Texas 77005 United States
| | - Angel A. Martí
- Department of Chemistry Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Material Science & NanoEngineering Rice University 6100 Main St, Chemistry MS60 Houston Texas 77005 United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaup R, Ten Hove JB, Bunschoten A, van Leeuwen FWB, Velders AH. Multicompartment dendrimicelles with binary, ternary and quaternary core composition. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15422-15430. [PMID: 34505610 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04556c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchically built-up multicompartment nanoaggregate systems are of interest for, e.g., novel materials and medicine. Here we present a versatile strategy to generate and unambiguously characterize complex coacervate-core micelles by exploiting four different dendrimeric subcomponents as core-units. The resulting mesoscale structures have a hydrodynamic diameter of 50 nm and a core size of 33 nm, and host about thirty 6th generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. We have used FRET (efficiency of ∼0.2) between fluorescein and rhodamine moieties immobilized on separate PAMAM dendrimers (G6-F and G6-R, respectively) to prove synchronous encapsulation in the micelle core. Tuning the proximity of the FRET pair molecules either by varying the G6-F : G6-R ratio, or by co-assembling non-functionalized dendrimer (G6-E) in the core, reveals the optimal FRET efficiency to occur at a minimum of 70% loading with G6-F and G6-R. Additional co-encapsulation of 6th generation gold dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (G6-Au) in the micelle core shows a dramatic reduction of the FRET efficiency, which can be restored by chemical etching of the gold nanoparticles from within the micellar core with thiols, leaving the micelle itself intact. This study reveals the controlled co-assembly of up to four different types of subcomponents in one single micellar core and concomitantly shows the wide variety of structures that can be made with a well-defined basic set of subcomponents. It is straightforward to design related strategies, to incorporate inside one micellar core, e.g., even more than 4 different dendrimers, or other classes of (macro)molecules, with different functional groups, other FRET pairs or different encapsulated metal nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kaup
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Bart Ten Hove
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Bunschoten
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Instituto Regional de Investigacion Cientifica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|