1
|
Xie Y, Zhang Z, Zhang B, He N, Peng M, Song S, Wang B, Yu F. Oxidative Free-Radical C(sp 2)-H Bond Chlorination of Enaminones with LiCl: Access to Highly Functionalized α-Chlorinated Enaminones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8521-8530. [PMID: 38828704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
An oxidative free-radical C(sp2)-H bond chlorination strategy of enaminones has been developed by using LiCl as a chlorinating reagent and K2S2O8 as an oxidant. This transformation provides a new and straightforward synthetic methodology to afford highly functionalized α-chlorinated enaminones with a Z-configuration in good to excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Xie
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Zhilai Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Nengqin He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Pollution Processes and Control of Plateau Lake-Watersheds, Yunnan Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Menglin Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Baoqu Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Fuchao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2023Terpene cyclases (TCs) catalyze some of the most complicated reactions in nature and are responsible for creating the skeletons of more than 95 000 terpenoid natural products. The canonical TCs are divided into two classes according to their structures, functions, and mechanisms. The class II TCs mediate acid-base-initiated cyclization reactions of isoprenoid diphosphates, terpenes without diphosphates (e.g., squalene or oxidosqualene), and prenyl moieties on meroterpenes. The past twenty years witnessed the emergence of many class II TCs, their reactions and their roles in biosynthesis. Class II TCs often act as one of the first steps in the biosynthesis of biologically active natural products including the gibberellin family of phytohormones and fungal meroterpenoids. Due to their mechanisms and biocatalytic potential, TCs elicit fervent attention in the biosynthetic and organic communities and provide great enthusiasm for enzyme engineering to construct novel and bioactive molecules. To engineer and expand the structural diversities of terpenoids, it is imperative to fully understand how these enzymes generate, precisely control, and quench the reactive carbocation intermediates. In this review, we summarize class II TCs from nature, including sesquiterpene, diterpene, triterpene, and meroterpenoid cyclases as well as noncanonical class II TCs and inspect their sequences, structures, mechanisms, and structure-guided engineering studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, USA.
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Determan JJ, Wilson AK. Correlation consistent basis sets designed for density functional theory: Third-row atoms (Ga-Br). J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084105. [PMID: 38385513 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The correlation consistent basis sets (cc-pVnZ with n = D, T, Q, 5) for the Ga-Br elements have been redesigned, tuning the sets for use for density functional approximations. Steps to redesign these basis sets for an improved correlation energy recovery and efficiency include truncation of higher angular momentum functions, recontraction of basis set coefficients, and reoptimization of basis set exponents. These redesigned basis sets are compared with conventional cc-pVnZ basis sets and other basis sets, which are, in principle, designed to achieve systematic improvement with respect to increasing basis set size. The convergence of atomic energies, bond lengths, bond dissociation energies, and enthalpies of formation to the Kohn-Sham limit is improved relative to other basis sets where convergence to the Kohn-Sham limit is typically not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John J Determan
- Department of Chemistry, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois 61455, USA
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang XL, Harmer JR, Schenk G, Southam G. Inorganic Fe-O and Fe-S oxidoreductases: paradigms for prebiotic chemistry and the evolution of enzymatic activity in biology. Front Chem 2024; 12:1349020. [PMID: 38389729 PMCID: PMC10881703 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1349020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidoreductases play crucial roles in electron transfer during biological redox reactions. These reactions are not exclusive to protein-based biocatalysts; nano-size (<100 nm), fine-grained inorganic colloids, such as iron oxides and sulfides, also participate. These nanocolloids exhibit intrinsic redox activity and possess direct electron transfer capacities comparable to their biological counterparts. The unique metal ion architecture of these nanocolloids, including electron configurations, coordination environment, electron conductivity, and the ability to promote spontaneous electron hopping, contributes to their transfer capabilities. Nano-size inorganic colloids are believed to be among the earliest 'oxidoreductases' to have 'evolved' on early Earth, playing critical roles in biological systems. Representing a distinct type of biocatalysts alongside metalloproteins, these nanoparticles offer an early alternative to protein-based oxidoreductase activity. While the roles of inorganic nano-sized catalysts in current Earth ecosystems are intuitively significant, they remain poorly understood and underestimated. Their contribution to chemical reactions and biogeochemical cycles likely helped shape and maintain the balance of our planet's ecosystems. However, their potential applications in biomedical, agricultural, and environmental protection sectors have not been fully explored or exploited. This review examines the structure, properties, and mechanisms of such catalysts from a material's evolutionary standpoint, aiming to raise awareness of their potential to provide innovative solutions to some of Earth's sustainability challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Huang
- NYS Center for Clean Water Technology, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gordon Southam
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Engbers S, Guo Y, Klein JEMN. A Porphyrin Iron(III) π-Dication Species and its Relevance in Catalyst Design for the Umpolung of Nucleophiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313006. [PMID: 37751302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoporphyrins have recently been identified as remarkable species capable of turning the nucleophile attached to the porphyrin ring into an electrophile, thereby providing umpolung of reactivity (Inorg. Chem. 2022, 61, 8105-8111). They are generated by nucleophilic attack on an iron(III) π-dication, a class of species that has received scant attention. Here, we explore the effect of the porphyrin meso-substituent and report a iron(III) π-dication bearing the meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) ligand. We provide an extensive study of the species by UV/Vis absorption, 2 H NMR, EPR, applied field Mössbauer, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. We further explore the system's highly dynamic and tunable properties and address the nature of the axial ligands as well as the conformation of the porphyrin ring. The insights presented are essential for the rational design of catalysts for the umpolung of nucleophiles. Such catalytic avenues could for example provide a novel method for electrophilic chlorinations. We further examine the importance of electronic tuning of the porphyrin by nature of the meso-substituent as a factor in catalyst design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silène Engbers
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Johannes E M N Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar R, Ahsan F, Awasthi A, Swart M, Draksharapu A. Generation of Ru(III)-hypochlorite with resemblance to the heme-dependent haloperoxidase enzyme. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12552-12559. [PMID: 37609762 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of [(Me/BnTPEN)RuII(NCCH3)]2+ (BnTPEN = N1-benzyl-N1,N2,N2-tris(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine and MeTPEN = N1-methyl-N1,N2,N2-tris(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine) with mCPBA in the presence of chloride ions in CH3CN : H2O generated a novel (Me/BnTPEN)RuIII-OCl species at room temperature. This hypochlorite adduct could also be obtained by the direct reaction of NaOCl and HClO4 with (L)RuII complexes. The current study mimics the synthesis of a metal hypochlorite adduct in a similar fashion as in the heme-dependent haloperoxidase enzyme. As an electrophilic oxidant, the ruthenium hypochlorite adduct catalyzes hydrogen atom abstraction reactions of phenols and their derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Southern Laboratories - 208A, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Faiza Ahsan
- IQCC & Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Ayushi Awasthi
- Southern Laboratories - 208A, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| | - Marcel Swart
- IQCC & Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Apparao Draksharapu
- Southern Laboratories - 208A, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gérard E, Mokkawes T, Johannissen LO, Warwicker J, Spiess RR, Blanford CF, Hay S, Heyes DJ, de Visser SP. How Is Substrate Halogenation Triggered by the Vanadium Haloperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis? ACS Catal 2023; 13:8247-8261. [PMID: 37342830 PMCID: PMC10278073 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium haloperoxidases (VHPOs) are unique enzymes in biology that catalyze a challenging halogen transfer reaction and convert a strong aromatic C-H bond into C-X (X = Cl, Br, I) with the use of a vanadium cofactor and H2O2. The VHPO catalytic cycle starts with the conversion of hydrogen peroxide and halide (X = Cl, Br, I) into hypohalide on the vanadate cofactor, and the hypohalide subsequently reacts with a substrate. However, it is unclear whether the hypohalide is released from the enzyme or otherwise trapped within the enzyme structure for the halogenation of organic substrates. A substrate-binding pocket has never been identified for the VHPO enzyme, which questions the role of the protein in the overall reaction mechanism. Probing its role in the halogenation of small molecules will enable further engineering of the enzyme and expand its substrate scope and selectivity further for use in biotechnological applications as an environmentally benign alternative to current organic chemistry synthesis. Using a combined experimental and computational approach, we elucidate the role of the vanadium haloperoxidase protein in substrate halogenation. Activity studies show that binding of the substrate to the enzyme is essential for the reaction of the hypohalide with substrate. Stopped-flow measurements demonstrate that the rate-determining step is not dependent on substrate binding but partially on hypohalide formation. Using a combination of molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the substrate binding area in the protein is identified and even though the selected substrates (methylphenylindole and 2-phenylindole) have limited hydrogen-bonding abilities, they are found to bind relatively strongly and remain stable in a binding tunnel. A subsequent analysis of the MD snapshots characterizes two small tunnels leading from the vanadate active site to the surface that could fit small molecules such as hypohalide, halide, and hydrogen peroxide. Density functional theory studies using electric field effects show that a polarized environment in a specific direction can substantially lower barriers for halogen transfer. A further analysis of the protein structure indeed shows a large dipole orientation in the substrate-binding pocket that could enable halogen transfer through an applied local electric field. These findings highlight the importance of the enzyme in catalyzing substrate halogenation by providing an optimal environment to lower the energy barrier for this challenging aromatic halide insertion reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie
F. Gérard
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thirakorn Mokkawes
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Linus O. Johannissen
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Warwicker
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- School
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester 13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Reynard R. Spiess
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher F. Blanford
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Hay
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Derren J. Heyes
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Manchester, Oxford
Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barreiro DS, Oliveira RN, Pauleta SR. Bacterial peroxidases – Multivalent enzymes that enable the use of hydrogen peroxide for microaerobic and anaerobic proliferation. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
|
9
|
Papanikolaou MG, Simaioforidou AV, Drouza C, Tsipis AC, Miras HN, Keramidas AD, Louloudi M, Kabanos TA. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Oxidation Catalysis by cis-[V IV(O)(Cl/F)(N 4)] + Species Mimicking the Active Center of Metal-Enzymes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18434-18449. [PMID: 36357045 PMCID: PMC9682486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reaction
of VIVOCl2 with the nonplanar
tetradentate
N4 bis-quinoline ligands yielded four oxidovanadium(IV)
compounds of the general formula cis-[VIV(O)(Cl)(N4)]Cl. Sequential treatment of the two nonmethylated
N4 oxidovanadium(IV) compounds with KF and NaClO4 resulted in the isolation of the species with the general formula cis-[VIV(O)(F)(N4)]ClO4. In marked contrast, the methylated N4 oxidovanadium(IV)
derivatives are inert toward KF reaction due to steric hindrance,
as evidenced by EPR and theoretical calculations. The oxidovanadium(IV)
compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis,
cw EPR spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility. The crystallographic
characterization showed that the vanadium compounds have a highly
distorted octahedral coordination environment and the d(VIV–F) = 1.834(1) Å is the shortest to be
reported for (oxido)(fluorido)vanadium(IV) compounds. The experimental
EPR parameters of the VIVO2+ species deviate
from the ones calculated by the empirical additivity relationship
and can be attributed to the axial donor atom trans to the oxido group
and the distorted VIV coordination environment. The vanadium
compounds act as catalysts toward alkane oxidation by aqueous H2O2 with moderate ΤΟΝ up to 293
and product yields of up to 29% (based on alkane); the vanadium(IV)
is oxidized to vanadium(V), and the ligands remain bound to the vanadium
atom during the catalysis, as determined by 51V and 1H NMR spectroscopies. The cw X-band EPR studies proved that
the mechanism of the catalytic reaction is through hydroxyl radicals.
The chloride substitution reaction in the cis-[VIV(O)(Cl)(N4)]+ species by fluoride and
the mechanism of the alkane oxidation were studied by DFT calculations. Highly distorted N4−oxidovanadium(IV), cis-[VIV(=O)(Cl/F)(N4)]+, compounds mimicking the distorted coordination environment of the
metal-ion in metal-enzymes’ active center catalyze oxidation
of alkanes. The structural distortion results in significant deviation
of the cw EPR parameters from the expected ones and equilibrium between
six- and five- coordinate species in solution. DFT studies show that
distortion, steric hindrance, and the coordinated halogen define the
catalytic mechanism of oxidation of alkanes by cis-[VIV(=O)(Cl/F)(N4)]+ compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Papanikolaou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia1678, Cyprus
| | - Anastasia V. Simaioforidou
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | - Chryssoula Drouza
- Department of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Athanassios C. Tsipis
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Louloudi
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | - Themistoklis A. Kabanos
- Section of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina45110, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dağalan Z, Koçak R, Daştan A, Nişancı B. Selectfluor and TBAX (Cl, Br) Mediated Oxidative Chlorination and Bromination of Olefins. Org Lett 2022; 24:8261-8264. [PMID: 36129307 PMCID: PMC9680025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we report
the first metal-free and molecular halogen reagent-free
dihomohalogenation methodology by using Selectfluor as an oxidant
and tetrabutylammonium bromide/chloride salts as a halogen source.
This effective strategy provides various fluorine-free halogenated
products easily in quantitative yields from alkenes, alkynes, and
natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziya Dağalan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Arif Daştan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Bilal Nişancı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cochereau B, Meslet-Cladière L, Pouchus YF, Grovel O, Roullier C. Halogenation in Fungi: What Do We Know and What Remains to Be Discovered? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103157. [PMID: 35630634 PMCID: PMC9144378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, living organisms produce a wide variety of specialized metabolites to perform many biological functions. Among these specialized metabolites, some carry halogen atoms on their structure, which can modify their chemical characteristics. Research into this type of molecule has focused on how organisms incorporate these atoms into specialized metabolites. Several families of enzymes have been described gathering metalloenzymes, flavoproteins, or S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzymes that can incorporate these atoms into different types of chemical structures. However, even though the first halogenation enzyme was discovered in a fungus, this clade is still lagging behind other clades such as bacteria, where many enzymes have been discovered. This review will therefore focus on all halogenation enzymes that have been described in fungi and their associated metabolites by searching for proteins available in databases, but also by using all the available fungal genomes. In the second part of the review, the chemical diversity of halogenated molecules found in fungi will be discussed. This will allow the highlighting of halogenation mechanisms that are still unknown today, therefore, highlighting potentially new unknown halogenation enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Cochereau
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France; (B.C.); (Y.F.P.); (O.G.)
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, INRAE, University Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Laurence Meslet-Cladière
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, INRAE, University Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France;
| | - Yves François Pouchus
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France; (B.C.); (Y.F.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Olivier Grovel
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France; (B.C.); (Y.F.P.); (O.G.)
| | - Catherine Roullier
- Institut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMer, UR 2160, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France; (B.C.); (Y.F.P.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-251-125-686
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fang Y, Wu W, Qin Y, Liu H, Lu K, Wang L, Zhang M. Recent development in antibacterial activity and application of nanozymes in food preservation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9330-9348. [PMID: 35452320 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2065660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes with excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial properties offers an alternative strategy for food preservation. This review comprehensively summarized the antibacterial mechanisms of nanozymes, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the destruction of biofilms. Besides, the primary factors (size, morphology, hybridization, light, etc.) regulating the antibacterial activity of different types of nanozymes were highlighted in detail, which provided effective guidance on how to design highly efficient antibacterial nanozymes. Moreover, this review presented elaborated viewpoints on the unique applications of nanozymes in food preservation, including the selection of nanozymes loading matrix, fabrication techniques of nanozymes-based antibacterial films/coatings, and the recent advances in the application of nanozymes-based antibacterial films/coatings in food preservation. In the end, the safety issues of nanozymes have also been mentioned. Overall, this review provided new avenues in the field of food preservation and displayed great prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- The Xinjiang Key laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wanfeng Wu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- The Xinjiang Key laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanan Qin
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- The Xinjiang Key laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Haoqiang Liu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- The Xinjiang Key laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kang Lu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- The Xinjiang Key laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- The Xinjiang Key laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Minwei Zhang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- The Xinjiang Key laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang XL. What are the inorganic nanozymes? Artificial or inorganic enzymes! NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02088b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The research on inorganic nanozymes remains very active since the first paper on the “intrinsic peroxidase-like properties of ferromagnetic nanoparticles” was published in Nature Nanotechnology in 2007. However, there is...
Collapse
|