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Du M, Song M, Wu D, Zhang Y, Song H, Lv H, Ke A, Du H, Zhao S. Novel fluorescent nanoplatform for all-in-one sensing and removal of acrolein: An ultrasensitive probe to evaluate its removal efficiency. Food Chem 2024; 460:140667. [PMID: 39094348 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
As a highly toxic aldehyde, acrolein is widely found in diet and environment, and can be produced endogenously, posing a serious threat to human health. Herein, we designed a novel fluorescent nanoplatform integrating carbon dots‑manganese dioxide (CDs-MnO2) and glutathione (GSH) for all-in-one sensing and removal of acrolein. By converting Mn4+ to free Mn2+, GSH inhibited the inner filter effect (IFE) of MnO2 nanosheets, and the Michael addition of acrolein with GSH inhibited the GSH-induced Mn4+ conversion, forming an "off-on-off" fluorescence response of CDs. The developed fluorescent nanoplatform exhibited high sensitivity (LOD was 0.067 μM) and selectivity for the simultaneous detection and removal of acrolein. The combination of CDs-MnO2 hydrogels with smartphones realized the point-of-care detection of acrolein, yielding satisfactory results (recovery rates varied between 97.01-104.65%, and RSD ranged from 1.42 to 4.16%). Moreover, the capability of the nanoplatform was investigated for on-site evaluating acrolein scavengers' efficacy, demonstrating excellent potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Du
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Meimei Song
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Die Wu
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Haiwen Song
- Hebei Lansheng Biotechnology Co., LTD., Shijiazhuang 052260, China.
| | - Haijun Lv
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Aibing Ke
- Hebei Lansheng Biotechnology Co., LTD., Shijiazhuang 052260, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
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2
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Lu Y, Kang W, Yu Y, Lu H, Wang Y, Xu Z, Zeng J, Qin M, Xu X. A synergistically antimicrobial and antioxidant hyaluronic acid hydrogel for infected wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131795. [PMID: 38670175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections during wound healing impede the healing process and trigger local or systemic inflammatory reactions. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop a new material with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to promote infected wound healing. A synergistically antimicrobial and antioxidant hyaluronic acid hydrogel (HMn) is prepared by employing MnO2 nanosheets into 4ARM-PEG5000-SH crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) network. The coordination between sulfhydryl groups of 4ARM-PEG5000-SH and MnO2 nanosheets ensures entrapment of the nanosheets within the hydrogel, while the interaction between 4ARM-PEG5000-SH and HAMA results in facile gelation through thiol-ene click reaction. MnO2 nanosheets exhibit strong photothermal properties and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging abilities, while hyaluronic acid promotes wound healing. When subjected to near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the HMn achieves a bactericidal rate of 95.24 % for Staphylococcus aureus and nearly 100 % for Escherichia coli. In animal experiments, treatment with the HMn under NIR irradiation results in the best wound healing outcomes. Both in vitro and vivo biocompatible assays demonstrate that the HMn has rarely cell cytotoxicity and tissue damage. The HMn is easy to prepare and has good biocompatibility as well as efficient antibacterial and antioxidant properties, providing a novel method for the treatment of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Lu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China; Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Weiqi Kang
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Yue Yu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Haiying Lu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Yuemin Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Jia Zeng
- Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan 628000, PR China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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Guo Y, Mao C, Wu S, Wang C, Zheng Y, Liu X. Ultrasound-Triggered Piezoelectric Catalysis of Zinc Oxide@Glucose Derived Carbon Spheres for the Treatment of MRSA Infected Osteomyelitis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400732. [PMID: 38764258 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Currently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced osteomyelitis is a clinically life-threatening disease, however, long-term antibiotic treatment can lead to bacterial resistance, posing a huge challenge to treatment and public health. In this study, glucose-derived carbon spheres loaded with zinc oxide (ZnO@HTCS) are successfully constructed. This composite demonstrates the robust ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under ultrasound (US) irradiation, eradicating 99.788% ± 0.087% of MRSA within 15 min and effectively treating MRSA-induced osteomyelitis infection. Piezoelectric force microscopy tests and finite element method simulations reveal that the ZnO@HTCS composite exhibits superior piezoelectric catalytic performance compared to pure ZnO, making it a unique piezoelectric sonosensitizer. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the formation of a Mott-Schottky heterojunction and an internal piezoelectric field within the interface accelerates the electron transfer and the separation of electron-hole pairs. Concurrently, surface vacancies of the composite enable the adsorption of a greater amount of oxygen, enhancing the piezoelectric catalytic effect and generating a substantial quantity of ROS. This work not only presents a promising approach for augmenting piezoelectric catalysis through construction of a Schottky heterojunction interface but also provides a novel, efficient therapeutic strategy for treating osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Guo
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Congyang Mao
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chaofeng Wang
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5#, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Xiping Avenue 5340#, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Thakuri A, Bhosle AA, Hiremath SD, Banerjee M, Chatterjee A. A carbon dots-MnO 2 nanosheet-based turn-on pseudochemodosimeter as low-cost probe for selective detection of hazardous mercury ion contaminations in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133998. [PMID: 38493622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly hazardous element due to its profound toxicity and wide abundance in the environment. Despite the availability of various fluorimetric detection tools for Hg2+, including organic fluorophores and aptasensors, they often suffer from shortcomings like the utilization of expensive chemicals and toxic organic solvents, multi-step synthesis, sometimes with poor selectivity and low sensitivity. Whereas, biomass-derived fluorophores, such as carbon dots (CDs), present themselves as cost-effective and environmentally benign alternatives that exhibit comparable efficacy. Herein, we report a reaction-driven sensing assembly based on CDs, MnO2 nanosheets, and hydroquinone monothiocarbonate (HQTC) for the detection of Hg2+ ions, which relies on the formation of a CDs-MnO2 FRET-conjugate, resulting in the quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of CDs. In a pseudochemodosimetric approach, the thiophilic nature of mercury was utilized for in-situ generation of the reducing species, hydroquinone from HQTC, resulting in the reduction of MnO2 nanosheets, the release of fluorescent CDs back to the solution. The low limit of detection (LOD) was achieved as 2 ppb (0.01 μM). The probe worked efficiently in real water samples like sea, river with good recovery of spiked Hg2+ and in some Indian ayurvedic medicines as well. Furthermore, solid-phase detection with sodium alginate beads demonstrated the ability of this cost-effective sensing assembly for onsite detection of Hg2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Thakuri
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | - Akhil A Bhosle
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | - Sharanabasava D Hiremath
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India.
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B, Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Sancoale, Goa 403726, India.
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5
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Mim JJ, Hasan M, Chowdhury MS, Ghosh J, Mobarak MH, Khanom F, Hossain N. A comprehensive review on the biomedical frontiers of nanowire applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29244. [PMID: 38628721 PMCID: PMC11016983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the immense capacity of nanowires, nanostructures characterized by unbounded dimensions, to profoundly transform the field of biomedicine. Nanowires, which are created by combining several materials using techniques such as electrospinning and vapor deposition, possess distinct mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. As a result, they are well-suited for use in nanoscale electronic devices, drug delivery systems, chemical sensors, and other applications. The utilization of techniques such as the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) approach and template-assisted approaches enables the achievement of precision in synthesis. This precision allows for the customization of characteristics, which in turn enables the capability of intracellular sensing and accurate drug administration. Nanowires exhibit potential in biomedical imaging, neural interfacing, and tissue engineering, despite obstacles related to biocompatibility and scalable manufacturing. They possess multifunctional capabilities that have the potential to greatly influence the intersection of nanotechnology and healthcare. Surmounting present obstacles has the potential to unleash the complete capabilities of nanowires, leading to significant improvements in diagnostics, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and next-generation point-of-care medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Jannat Mim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shakil Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Jubaraz Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hosne Mobarak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Khanom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Nayem Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
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6
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Wang S, Wei Z, Xu Q, Yu L, Xiao Y. Trinity Strategy: Enabling Perovskite as Hydrophilic and Efficient Fluorescent Nanozyme for Constructing Biomarker Reporting Platform. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1084-1097. [PMID: 38149588 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Water instability and sensing homogeneity are the Achilles' heel of CsPbX3 NPs in biological fluids application. This work reports the preparation of Mn2+:CsPbCl3@SiO2 yolk-shell nanoparticles (YSNPs) in aqueous solutions created through the integration of ligand, surface, and crystal engineering strategies. The SN2 reaction between 4-chlorobutyric acid (CBA) and oleylamine (OAm) yields a zwitterionic ligand that facilitates the dispersion of YSNPs in water, while the robust SiO2 shell enhances their overall stability. Besides, Mn2+ doping in YSNPs not only introduces a second emission center but also enables potential postsynthetic designability, leading to the switching from YSNPs to MnO2@YSNPs with excellent oxidase (OXD)-like activity. Theoretical calculations reveal that electron transfer from CsPbCl3 to in situ MnO2 and the adsorption-desorption process of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) synergistically amplify the OXD-like activity. In the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), Mn4+ in MnO2@YSNPs (fluorescent nanozyme) is reduced to Mn2+ and dissociated, thereby inhibiting the OXD-like activity and triggering fluorescence "turn-on/off", i.e., dual-mode recognition. Finally, a biomarker reporting platform based on MnO2@YSNPs fluorescent nanozyme is constructed with AA as the reporter molecule, and the accurate detection of human serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is realized, demonstrating the vast potential of perovskites in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhongyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yuxiu Xiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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7
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Yang J, Zhang C, Chen X, Zhou D, Sun Z, Niu R, Zhu Y, Chen H, Wang L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Fu Y, Ma N, Li J, Luo Y. Ultra-efficient radio-immunotherapy for reprogramming the hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with durable innate immune memory. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122303. [PMID: 37689049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiosensitization efficacy of conventional tumor radiosensitizers has been frequently limited by insufficient competence for tumor microenvironment (TME) regulation and unfavorable cellular uptake at biological barriers. Here, we reported an ultra-efficient radiotherapy (RT) strategy by synthesizing an extracellular vesicles (EVs)-encapsulated hollow MnO2 to load metformin (Met@HMnER). It demonstrated significant RT enhancement by morphological control of catalyst and cellular respiratory depression against conventional solid MnO2. Furthermore, the target-modified EVs clothing retains outstanding metformin loading capacity while endowing enhanced biological barrier penetration. A noticeably durable innate immune activation of NK cells was triggered with this nanoplatform via the cGAS-STING pathway. The enhanced immunocompetence was verified on distal metastasis and in-situ recurrence model in vivo, This work paved a new path for synergistic and robust innate immunity in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Yang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Daijun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Zixin Sun
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Ruyan Niu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Hengyi Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Liu Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yunqian Fu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Ningyu Ma
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Yang Luo
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; College of Life Science and Laboratory Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650050, PR China.
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8
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Zhong J, Zheng X, Wen Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Kankala RK, Wang S, Chen A. NIR-switchable local hydrogen generation by tandem bimetallic MOFs nanocomposites for enhanced chemodynamic therapy. Regen Biomater 2023; 11:rbad097. [PMID: 38173769 PMCID: PMC10761206 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The inadequate quantity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cancer cells promptly results in the constrained success of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Significant efforts made throughout the years; nevertheless, researchers are still facing the great challenge of designing a CDT agent and securing H2O2 supply within the tumor cell. In this study, taking advantage of H2O2 level maintenance mechanism in cancer cells, a nanozyme-based bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) tandem reactor is fabricated to elevate intracellular H2O2 levels, thereby enhancing CDT. In addition, under near-infrared excitation, the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) loaded into the MOFs can perform photocatalysis and generate hydrogen, which increases cellular susceptibility to radicals induced from H2O2, inhibits cancer cell energy, causes DNA damages and induces tumor cell apoptosis, thus improving CDT therapeutic efficacy synergistically. The proposed nanozyme-based bimetallic MOFs-mediated CDT and UCNPs-mediated hydrogen therapy act as combined therapy with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuan Wen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuewei Li
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jianting Zhang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shibin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Aizheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Low-Carbon Conversion, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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9
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Li S, Chen Z, Yang F, Yue W. Self-template sacrifice and in situ oxidation of a constructed hollow MnO 2 nanozymes for smartphone-assisted colorimetric detection of liver function biomarkers. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341744. [PMID: 37709473 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Liver function tests play a vital role in accurately diagnosing liver diseases, monitoring treatment outcomes, and assessing liver damage severity. Here, we introduce a novel approach to develop a smartphone-assisted portable colorimetric sensor for rapid detection of three liver function biomarkers: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This sensor is based on the inherent enzyme-like activities of hollow MnO2 (H-MnO2). The H-MnO2 is synthesized via a self-template sacrifice and in situ oxidation strategy, utilizing a manganese-based Prussian blue analogue (Mn-PBA) as a sacrificial template. The resulting H-MnO2 exhibits a polycrystalline structure with a large specific surface area. By encapsulating the H-MnO2 in sodium alginate, we construct a portable sensing platform facilitating specific and rapid colorimetric detection of the three liver function biomarkers with the assistance of a smartphone. The developed sensor demonstrates outstanding sensitivity and stability, achieving detection limits of 4.9 U L-1, 3.6 U L-1, and 0.99 U L-1 for AST, ALT, and ALP, respectively. Importantly, this work introduces an innovative in situ oxidation method for fabricating hollow nanozymes, offering a cost-effective and convenient assay for liver function biomarkers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zihui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wanqing Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, PR China.
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10
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Sun Q, Chen W, Wang M, Zheng P, Gao M, Song F, Li C. A "Chase and Block" Strategy for Enhanced Cancer Therapy with Hypoxia-Promoted Photodynamic Therapy and Autophagy Inhibition Based on Upconversion Nanocomposites. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301087. [PMID: 37248635 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The combination of hypoxia-promoted photodynamic therapy (PDT) and autophagy modulation has shown strong potential in the treatment of hypoxic tumors. Here, a novel design is put forward for synergistic PDT and autophagy inhibition to amplify the effect of cancer therapy by a "chase and block" strategy. Specifically, the organic photosensitive molecule (denoted FL) is encapsulated in a hydrophobic layer between multi-band emitted upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and the amphiphilic polymer DSPE-PEG-COOH, allowing FL to fully exploit the luminescence spectrum of UCNPs under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The FL is specifically activated by nitroreductase in the tumor microenvironment (TME), enabling hypoxia-promoted PDT and thus performing a "chase" strategy for cancer therapy. Additionally, the nanosystem is combined with an autophagy-inhibiting melittin pro-peptide (denoted as MEL), which could be triggered by the highly expressed legumain in tumor cells to inhibit the autophagy procedure by disrupting the lysosomal membrane, thus "blocking" the cancer cells from rescuing themselves and amplifying the killing effect of PDT. Both FL and MEL can be specifically activated by TME and the upconversion luminescence imaging of UCNPs offers a tracer function for the treatment. Therefore, UCNPs@FL-MEL might be an important reference for the design and development of future nanotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Pan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Minghong Gao
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fengling Song
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
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11
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Yu N, Ma G, Chen Y, Huang S, Gong Y, Li S, Gu H, You H, Miao P. MnO 2 nanosheets and gold nanoparticles supported electrochemical detection of circulating tumor cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 229:113482. [PMID: 37523806 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood is strongly correlated with the progress of certain metastatic cancers. In this study, we have developed a novel and facile electrochemical biosensor for the detection of CTCs based on the use of manganese dioxide nanosheets (MnO2 NSs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Aptamer sequence of target cell is modified on the surface of AuNPs for specifical recognition. With low-speed centrifugation, numerous AuNPs@DNA can be removed from the supernatant. On the other hand, MnO2 NSs are modified on the electrode surface to capture unreacted AuNPs@DNA. The declined electrochemical signal intensity can be used to reflect the level of CTCs. This biosensor achieves a wide linear range from 10 to 104 cells mL-1 and a limit of detection as low as 3 cells mL-1. Due to the specific aptamer as the recognition element, interfering cells can be successfully distinguished and this method performs satisfactorily in clinical samples. Therefore, it has great potential to be used as a powerful tool benefiting rare cells analysis and the investigation of dynamics of cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nong Yu
- Department of Diagnostics, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, PR China
| | - Guifeng Ma
- Department of Diagnostics, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, PR China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- Department of Diagnostics, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, PR China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Diagnostics, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, PR China
| | - Yalei Gong
- Department of Diagnostics, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, PR China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Diagnostics, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, PR China
| | - Haiqin Gu
- Department of Diagnostics, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, PR China
| | - Honglan You
- Department of Diagnostics, People's Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou 215010, PR China.
| | - Peng Miao
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, PR China.
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12
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Yu Y, Fan P, Li J, Wang S. Preparation of Biocompatible Manganese Selenium-Based Nanoparticles with Antioxidant and Catalytic Functions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114498. [PMID: 37298973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The specificity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) severely limits the effectiveness of tumor treatment. In this study, we prepared a composite nanoparticle of manganese dioxide and selenite by a one-step redox method, and their stability under physiological conditions was improved with a bovine serum protein modification to obtain MnO2/Se-BSA nanoparticles (SMB NPs). In the SMB NPs, manganese dioxide and selenite endowed the SMB NPs with acid-responsive and catalytic, and antioxidant properties, respectively. The weak acid response, catalytic activity, and antioxidant properties of composite nanoparticles were verified experimentally. Moreover, in an in vitro hemolysis assay, different concentrations of nanoparticles were incubated with mouse erythrocytes, and the hemolysis ratio was less than 5%. In the cell safety assay, the cell survival ratio was as high as 95.97% after the co-culture with L929 cells at different concentrations for 24 h. In addition, the good biosafety of composite nanoparticles was verified at the animal level. Thus, this study helps to design high-performance and comprehensive therapeutic reagents that are responsive to the hypoxia, weak acidity, hydrogen peroxide overexpression nature of TME and overcome the limitations of TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Peng Fan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shige Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
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13
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Guo Z, Yan L, Zhou B, Zhao P, Wang W, Dong S, Cheng B, Yang J, Li B, Wang X. In situ photo-crosslinking silk fibroin based hydrogel accelerates diabetic wound healing through antibacterial and antioxidant. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125028. [PMID: 37244328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetic wounds lead to a prolonged inflammatory phase, and injuries are highly susceptible to developing into chronic wounds. Improving the poor microenvironment is vital to achieving effective diabetic wound healing. In this work, methacrylated silk fibroin (SFMA) was combined with ε-polylysine (EPL) and manganese dioxide nanoparticles (BMNPs) to form an SF@(EPL-BM) hydrogel with in situ forming, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. EPL imparted high antibacterial activity (>96 %) to the hydrogel. BMNPs and EPL showed good scavenging activity against a variety of free radicals. SF@(EPL-BM) hydrogel had low cytotoxicity and could alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in L929 cells. In diabetic wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the SF@(EPL-BM) hydrogel exhibited better antibacterial properties and reduced wound ROS levels more significantly than that of the control in vivo. In this process, the pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α was down-regulated, and the vascularization marker CD31 was up-regulated. H&E and Masson staining showed a rapid transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase of the wounds, with significant new tissue and collagen deposition. These results confirm that this multifunctional hydrogel dressing holds well potential for chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, PR China; Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Lisi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Peiwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Siyan Dong
- Biotechnology Institute WUT-AMU School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Foreign Languages, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Binbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hainan Institute, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572000, PR China; Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology, Shenzhen 518000, PR China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu hydrogen Valley, Foshan 528200, PR China; Hainan Institute, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572000, PR China; Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
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14
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Duan C, Yu M, Xu J, Li BY, Zhao Y, Kankala RK. Overcoming Cancer Multi-drug Resistance (MDR): Reasons, mechanisms, nanotherapeutic solutions, and challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114643. [PMID: 37031496 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells, either intrinsic or acquired through various mechanisms, significantly hinders the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Typically, the reduced therapeutic performance of various drugs is predominantly due to the inherent over expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins on the cell membrane, resulting in the deprived uptake of drugs, augmenting drug detoxification, and DNA repair. In addition to various physiological abnormalities and extensive blood flow, MDR cancer phenotypes exhibit improved apoptotic threshold and drug efflux efficiency. These severe consequences have substantially directed researchers in the fabrication of various advanced therapeutic strategies, such as co-delivery of drugs along with various generations of MDR inhibitors, augmented dosage regimens and frequency of administration, as well as combinatorial treatment options, among others. In this review, we emphasize different reasons and mechanisms responsible for MDR in cancer, including but not limited to the known drug efflux mechanisms mediated by permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) and other pumps, reduced drug uptake, altered DNA repair, and drug targets, among others. Further, an emphasis on specific cancers that share pathogenesis in executing MDR and effluxed drugs in common is provided. Then, the aspects related to various nanomaterials-based supramolecular programmable designs (organic- and inorganic-based materials), as well as physical approaches (light- and ultrasound-based therapies), are discussed, highlighting the unsolved issues and future advancements. Finally, we summarize the review with interesting perspectives and future trends, exploring further opportunities to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Duan
- School of New Energy and Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan 528137, PR China.
| | - Mingjia Yu
- School of New Energy and Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan 528137, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Xu
- School of New Energy and Environmental Protection Engineering, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan 528137, PR China
| | - Bo-Yi Li
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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15
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Majani SS, Sathyan S, Manoj MV, Vinod N, Pradeep S, Shivamallu C, K.N V, Kollur SP. Eco-friendly synthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles using Saraca asoca leaf extract and evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity. CURRENT RESEARCH IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2023; 6:100367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2023.100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
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16
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Nanoarchitectured assembly and surface of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) for cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Su L, Zhong J, Xu J, Wu H, Zhang Z, Xiong Y. Sunlight‐assisted environmentally-friendly synthesis of graphene-like δ-MnO2 nanosheets for colorimetric sensing. FLATCHEM 2022; 36:100451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2022.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
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18
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Joshi A, Agrawal A, Bhattacharya S. Formulation and clinical advancement of nanourchins: a novel multibranched nanoparticulate drug-delivery system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1477-1499. [PMID: 36154464 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanourchins are multibranched nanoparticles with unique optical properties and surface spikes. Because of their unique properties, gold nanourchins have advantages over gold nanoparticles. The most used nanourchins are gold, tungsten, carbon, vanadium and sea urchins. The synthesis of various nanourchins and their clinical advancement are discussed in this review. ZFNs, TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 are discussed to facilitate understanding of advancements in nanourchins. Nanourchins have been studied for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and bioimaging. The synthesis of molybdenum diselenide nanourchins and their bioconjugations are also discussed. Nanourchins can be further explored to improve drug targeting and delivery. Researchers from several fields may contribute to the study of nanourchins as prospective nanocarriers with target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalind Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Aishwarya Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
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