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Fudolig MI, Bloomfield LS, Price M, Bird YM, Hidalgo JE, Kim JN, Llorin J, Lovato J, McGinnis EW, McGinnis RS, Ricketts T, Stanton K, Dodds PS, Danforth CM. The Two Fundamental Shapes of Sleep Heart Rate Dynamics and Their Connection to Mental Health in College Students. Digit Biomark 2024; 8:120-131. [PMID: 39015512 PMCID: PMC11250749 DOI: 10.1159/000539487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wearable devices are rapidly improving our ability to observe health-related processes for extended durations in an unintrusive manner. In this study, we use wearable devices to understand how the shape of the heart rate curve during sleep relates to mental health. Methods As part of the Lived Experiences Measured Using Rings Study (LEMURS), we collected heart rate measurements using the Oura ring (Gen3) for over 25,000 sleep periods and self-reported mental health indicators from roughly 600 first-year university students in the USA during the fall semester of 2022. Using clustering techniques, we find that the sleeping heart rate curves can be broadly separated into two categories that are mainly differentiated by how far along the sleep period the lowest heart rate is reached. Results Sleep periods characterized by reaching the lowest heart rate later during sleep are also associated with shorter deep and REM sleep and longer light sleep, but not a difference in total sleep duration. Aggregating sleep periods at the individual level, we find that consistently reaching the lowest heart rate later during sleep is a significant predictor of (1) self-reported impairment due to anxiety or depression, (2) a prior mental health diagnosis, and (3) firsthand experience in traumatic events. This association is more pronounced among females. Conclusion Our results show that the shape of the sleeping heart rate curve, which is only weakly correlated with descriptive statistics such as the average or the minimum heart rate, is a viable but mostly overlooked metric that can help quantify the relationship between sleep and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Irene Fudolig
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Computational Story Lab, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Laura S.P. Bloomfield
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Computational Story Lab, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Matthew Price
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yoshi M. Bird
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Computational Story Lab, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Johanna E. Hidalgo
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Julia N. Kim
- Project LEMURS, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Jordan Llorin
- Project LEMURS, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Juniper Lovato
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Computational Story Lab, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Ryan S. McGinnis
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Taylor Ricketts
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kathryn Stanton
- Project LEMURS, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Peter Sheridan Dodds
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Computational Story Lab, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Christopher M. Danforth
- Vermont Complex Systems Center, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Computational Story Lab, MassMutual Center of Excellence for Complex Systems and Data Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Browning MHEM, Hanley JR, Bailey CR, Beatley T, Gailey S, Hipp JA, Larson LR, James P, Jennings V, Jimenez MP, Kahn PH, Li D, Reuben A, Rigolon A, Sachs NA, Pearson AL, Minson CT. Quantifying Nature: Introducing NatureScore TM and NatureDose TM as Health Analysis and Promotion Tools. Am J Health Promot 2024; 38:126-134. [PMID: 38126317 PMCID: PMC10876217 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231210806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H. E. M. Browning
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- NatureQuantTM, Inc., Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy Beatley
- School of Architecture, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Samantha Gailey
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Space, Health and Community Lab, Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J. Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Lincoln R. Larson
- Department of Parks, Recreation & Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viniece Jennings
- School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Peter H. Kahn
- Department of Psychology & School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Aaron Reuben
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alessandro Rigolon
- Department of City & Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Naomi A. Sachs
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amber L. Pearson
- Charles Stewart Mott Department of Public Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher T. Minson
- NatureQuantTM, Inc., Eugene, OR, USA
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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