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Bourgi R, Hardan L, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Scavello F, Mancino D, Kharouf N, Haikel Y. The Use of Warm Air for Solvent Evaporation in Adhesive Dentistry: A Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050285. [PMID: 37233396 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Any excess solvent from dental adhesive systems must be eliminated prior to material photopolymerization. For this purpose, numerous approaches have been proposed, including the use of a warm air stream. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different temperatures of warm air blowing used for solvent evaporation on the bond strength of resin-based materials to dental and nondental substrates. Two different reviewers screened the literature in diverse electronic databases. In vitro studies recording the effect of warm air blowing to evaporate solvents of adhesive systems on the bond strength of resin-based materials to direct and indirect substrates were included. A total of 6626 articles were retrieved from all databases. From this, 28 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, and 27 remained for the quantitative analysis. The results of the meta-analysis for etch-and-rinse adhesives revealed that the use of warm air for solvent evaporation was statistically significantly higher (p = 0.005). For self-etch adhesives and silane-based materials, this effect was observed too (p < 0.001). The use of a warm air stream for solvent evaporation enhanced the bonding performance of alcohol-/water-based adhesive systems for dentin. This effect seems to be similar when a silane coupling agent is submitted to a heat treatment before the cementation of a glass-based ceramic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | | | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Seker E, Kilicarslan MA, Deniz ST, Mumcu E, Ozkan P. Effect of atmospheric plasma versus conventional surface treatments on the adhesion capability between self-adhesive resin cement and titanium surface. J Adv Prosthodont 2015; 7:249-56. [PMID: 26140177 PMCID: PMC4486621 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.3.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of atmospheric plasma (APL) versus conventional surface treatments on the adhesion of self-adhesive resin cement to Ti-6Al-4V alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty plates of machined titanium (Ti) discs were divided into five groups (n=12): 1) Untreated (CNT); 2) Sandblasted (SAB); 3) Tribochemically treated (ROC); 4) Tungsten CarbideBur (TCB); 5) APL treated (APL). SEM analysis and surface roughness (Ra) measurements were performed. Self-adhesive resin cement was bonded to the Ti surfaces and shear bond strength (SBS) tests, Ra and failure mode examinations were carried out. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and chi-squared test. RESULTS The lowest SBS value was obtained with CNT and was significantly different from all other groups except for APL. The ROC showed the highest SBS and Ra values of all the groups. CONCLUSION It was concluded that the effect of APL on SBS and Ra was not sufficient and it may not be a potential for promoting adhesion to titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Seker
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Sule Tugba Deniz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Mumcu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Ozkan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abi-Rached FO, Martins SB, Campos JA, Fonseca RG. Evaluation of roughness, wettability, and morphology of an yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic after different airborne-particle abrasion protocols. J Prosthet Dent 2014; 112:1385-91. [PMID: 25258266 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Airborne-particle abrasion is an effective method of roughening a zirconia surface and promoting micromechanical interlocks with luting cements. However, the effect of different airborne-particle abrasion protocols on the micromechanical retention mechanism has been poorly investigated. PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of airborne-particle abrasion protocols on the surface roughness, wettability, and morphology of an yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 140 zirconia specimens (14 × 14 × 1.4 mm) were made from Lava and divided into 7 groups. Their surfaces were treated as follows (n = 20): as-sintered (control); airborne-particle abraded with 50-μm Al2O3 particles; 120-μm Al2O3 particles; 250-μm Al2O3 particles; 30-μm silica-coated Al2O3 particles (Rocatec Soft); 110-μm silica-coated Al2O3 particles (Rocatec Plus); and 120-μm Al2O3 particles followed by Rocatec Plus. The surface roughness (Ra) and wettability analyses were performed on the same specimens of each group. The test liquid used for the wettability analysis was the silane RelyX Ceramic Primer. Two additional specimens (6.0 × 6.0 × 1.0 mm) per group were prepared to evaluate the surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy. The roughness (Ra) data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and the Dunnett C test (α = .05), and the wettability data with 1-way ANOVA (α = .05). The Spearman correlation analysis was applied to test for a possible correlation between roughness and wettability. RESULTS The control group (0.35 μm) exhibited the lowest mean roughness value (Ra), which was followed by Rocatec Soft (0.40 μm), 50-μm Al2O3 particles (0.52 μm), Rocatec Plus (0.69 μm), 120-μm Al2O3 particles (0.80 μm)/120-μm Al2O3 particles + Rocatec Plus (0.79 μm), and 250-μm Al2O3 particles (1.13 μm). No significant difference was found among the groups concerning wettability. No correlation (rs = -0.09; P = .27) was found between the 2 dependent variables. The scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the different airborne-particle abrasion protocols produced differences in the morphologic patterns. CONCLUSIONS Although roughness and morphology of the zirconia surface varied according to the airborne-particle abrasion protocol, no close relationship was found between them. The roughness increase seemed to have followed the size of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Oliveira Abi-Rached
- Adjunct Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samira Branco Martins
- Postgraduate student, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alvares Campos
- Associate Professor, Department of Social Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Garcia Fonseca
- Associate Professor, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Fonseca RG, Martins SB, de Oliveira Abi-Rached F, Dos Santos Cruz CA. Effect of different airborne-particle abrasion/bonding agent combinations on the bond strength of a resin cement to a base metal alloy. J Prosthet Dent 2013; 108:316-23. [PMID: 23107240 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(12)60185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Investigation of surface treatments to improve the bond of resin cements to metals may contribute to the longevity of metal ceramic restorations. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin cement to nickel-chromium (NiCr) alloy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty cast NiCr alloy disks (9 × 3 mm) were divided into 8 groups (n=10), which received 1 of the following surface treatments: 1) 50 µm Al(2)O(3) particles + silane; 2) 120 µm Al(2)O(3) + silane; 3) 30 µm silica-modified Al(2)O(3) (Cojet Sand) + silane; 4) 120 µm Al(2)O(3) followed by 110 µm silica-modified Al(2)O(3) (Rocatec) + silane; 5) 50 µm Al(2)O(3) + metal primer; 6) 120 µm Al(2)O(3) + metal primer; 7) 30 µm silica-modified Al(2)O(3) (Cojet Sand) + metal primer; and 8) 120 µm Al(2)O(3) followed by 110 µm silica-modified Al(2)O(3) (Rocatec) + metal primer. The silane was RelyX Ceramic Primer and the metal primer Alloy Primer. RelyX ARC resin cement was bonded to NiCr alloy surfaces. Specimens were thermally cycled before shear mode testing. Data (MPa) were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (α=.05). Failure mode was determined with a stereomicroscope (×20). RESULTS The results revealed that surface treatment was significant (P<.001). There was no significant difference between 50 µm and 120 µm Al(2)O(3) particles, regardless of the bonding agent used (silane or metal primer). Cojet Sand provided lower SBS than Rocatec, both in the groups treated with silane (P<.001) and metal primer (P<.01). No significant difference was observed between silane and metal primer in the groups abraded with 50 µm and 120 µm Al(2)O(3) particles. Metal primer decreased the SBS of both Cojet Sand and Rocatec groups (P<.001). Rocatec + silane had the highest SBS and Cojet Sand + metal primer the lowest. All groups presented 100% adhesive failure. CONCLUSIONS Particle size influenced SBS only in the groups abraded with silica-modified Al(2)O(3). The bonding agent did not affect SBS in the groups abraded with Al(2)O(3). Alloy Primer was not chemically compatible with silica-modified Al(2)O(3). Both mechanical (particle size) and chemical (silica/silane interaction) factors contributed to the high SBS of Rocatec + silane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Garcia Fonseca
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abi-Rached FDO, Fonseca RG, Haneda IG, de Almeida-Júnior AA, Adabo GL. The effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of luting cements to titanium. J Prosthet Dent 2012; 108:370-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(12)60194-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Haneda IG, Fonseca RG, Abi-Rached FO, Adabo GL, Cruz CAS. Shear Bond Strength of Different Repair Systems to Titanium After Water Aging. Oper Dent 2012; 37:253-62. [DOI: 10.2341/11-231-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) and stability of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti)/repair material interfaces promoted by different repair systems. One hundred CP Ti cast discs were divided into five repair system groups: 1) Epricord (EP); 2) Bistite II DC (BT); 3) Cojet (CJ); 4) Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (SB) (control group); and 5) Cojet Sand plus Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (CJSB). The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C, thermal cycled (5000 cycles, 5°-55°C) and stored under the same conditions for either 24 hours or six months (n=10). SBS was tested and the data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (α=.05). Failure mode was determined with a stereomicroscope (20×). The repair system, storage time, and their interaction significantly affected the SBS (p<0.001). At 24 hours, CJSB exhibited the highest SBS value, followed by CJ. At six months, these two groups had similar mean SBS (p>0.05) and higher means in comparison to the other groups. For both storage times, BT presented the lowest SBS, while the EP and SB groups did not differ significantly from one another (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in SBS between the storage times for the groups EP and CJ (p>0.05). The groups BT, SB, and CJSB showed 100% adhesive failure, irrespective of storage time. The CJSB group showed the highest SBS at both storage times. At six months, the CJ group exhibited a similar SBS mean value when compared to the CJSB group. Water storage adversely affected the groups BT, SB (control group), and CJSB. Considering SBS values, stability, and the failure mode simultaneously, the CJ group showed the best CP Ti repair performance.
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Muller K, do Nascimento C, Miani PK, Gonçalves M, de Albuquerque RF. Shear bond strength between different materials bonded with two resin cements. Gerodontology 2011; 29:e801-6. [PMID: 22023307 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength between Ni-Cr alloy specimens bonded to air-abraded Ni-Cr, bur-abraded Ni-Cr, etched ceramic and etched enamel substrates using the resin cements RelyX ARC or Enforce. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ni-Cr specimens were made and sandblasted with Al(2)O(3) airborne-particles. Disc-shaped patterns were made for each of the four experimental substrates: Ni-Cr treated with Al(2)O(3) airborne-particles, Ni-Cr treated with diamond bur abrasion, etched enamel and etched ceramic. RESULTS Significant differences in shear bond strength were found between the different materials and luting agents evaluated. The Ni-Cr alloy cylinders bonded to Ni-Cr surfaces sandblasted with 50 μm Al(2)O(3) particles and bonded with Enforce achieved the highest bond strength when compared with other substrates (28.9 MPa, p < 0.05). Bur-abraded metal discs had lowest values, regardless the cement used (2.9 and 6.9 MPa for RelyX and Enforce, respectively). Etched enamel and etched ceramic had similar shear bond strengths within cement groups and performed better when RelyX was used. CONCLUSIONS Bonding Ni-Cr to Ni-Cr and ceramic may result in similar and higher bond strength when compared to Ni-Cr/enamel bonding. For metal/metal bonding, higher shear bond strength was achieved with resin cement Enforce, and for metal/ceramic and metal/enamel bonding, RelyX had higher results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Muller
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Almeida-Júnior AAD, Fonseca RG, Haneda IG, Abi-Rached FDO, Adabo GL. Effect of surface treatments on the bond strength of a resin cement to commercially pure titanium. Braz Dent J 2010; 21:111-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402010000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation of the effectiveness of surface treatments that promote a strong bond strength of resin cements to metals can contribute significantly to the longevity of metal-ceramic restorations. This study evaluated the effect of surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a resin cement to commercially pure titanium (CP Ti). Ninety cast CP Ti discs were divided into 3 groups (n=30), which received one of the following airborne-particle abrasion conditions: (1) 50 ?m Al2O3 particles; (2) 30 ?m silica-modified Al2O3 particles (Cojet Sand); (3) 110 ?m silica-modified Al2O3 particles (Rocatec). For each airborne-particle abrasion condition, the following post-airborne-particle abrasion treatments were used (n=10): (1) none; (2) adhesive Adper Single Bond 2; (3) silane RelyX Ceramic Primer. RelyX ARC resin cement was bonded to CP Ti surfaces. All specimens were thermally cycled before being tested in shear mode. Failure mode was determined. The best association was Rocatec plus silane. All groups showed 100% adhesive failure. There were combinations that promote higher SBS than the protocol recommended by the manufacturer of RelyX ARC.
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