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Li C, Yang J, Chu L, Tian J, Xiao J, Huang Y, Wang Q, Guo B, Huang L, Hu Y, Luo Y. The function of Bazhen decoction in rescuing progeroid cell senescence via facilitating G-quadruplex resolving and telomere elongation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117694. [PMID: 38163559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Bazhen decoction is one of the most extensively used Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for treatment of aging related diseases. However, due to the complexity of the components, the pharmacological mechanism of Bazhen decoction is still limited. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, with the aim of helping the clinical precision medicine of TCM, we try out a systematic analysis for dissecting the molecular mechanism of complicated TCM prescription: Bazhen decoction. We identify the pharmacological mechanism of Bazhen decoction in telomere elongation as revealed by systematic analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS By RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis of Bazhen decoction treated wild type cells, we reveal the transcriptome profile induced by Bazhen decoction. We utilized the cells derived from Werner syndrome (WS) mice, which is known to be dysfunctional in telomere elongation due to the deficiency of DNA helicase Wrn. By Western blot, qPCR, Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, telomere FISH, and SA-β-Gal staining, we verify the transcriptome data and confirm the pharmacological function of Bazhen decoction and its drug containing serum in telomere elongation and reversing progeroid cell senescence. RESULTS We reveal that Bazhen decoction may systematically regulate multiple anti-aging pathways, including stem cell regulation, protein homeostasis, cardiovascular function, neuronal function, anti-inflammation, anti-DNA damage induced stress, DNA helicase activity and telomere lengthening. We find that Bazhen decoction and its drug containing serum could up-regulate multiple DNA helicases and telomere regulating proteins. The increased DNA helicases promote the resolving of G-quadruplex (G4) structures, and facilitate DNA replication and telomere elongation. These improvements also endow the cellular resistance to DNA damages induced by replication stress, and rescue the WS caused cellular senescence. CONCLUSIONS Together these data suggest that Bazhen decoction up-regulate the expression of DNA helicases, thus facilitate G4 resolving and telomere maintenance, which rescue the progeroid cellular senescence and contribute to its anti-aging properties. Our data reveal a new molecular mechanism of Bazhen decoction in anti-aging related diseases via elongating telomere, this may shed light in the application of Bazhen decoction in multiple degenerative diseases caused by telomere erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Lili Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinchao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Liming Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
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2
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Bournaka S, Badra-Fajardo N, Arbi M, Taraviras S, Lygerou Z. The cell cycle revisited: DNA replication past S phase preserves genome integrity. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 99:45-55. [PMID: 38346544 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and complete DNA duplication is critical for maintaining genome integrity. Multiple mechanisms regulate when and where DNA replication takes place, to ensure that the entire genome is duplicated once and only once per cell cycle. Although the bulk of the genome is copied during the S phase of the cell cycle, increasing evidence suggests that parts of the genome are replicated in G2 or mitosis, in a last attempt to secure that daughter cells inherit an accurate copy of parental DNA. Remaining unreplicated gaps may be passed down to progeny and replicated in the next G1 or S phase. These findings challenge the long-established view that genome duplication occurs strictly during the S phase, bridging DNA replication to DNA repair and providing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Bournaka
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Nibal Badra-Fajardo
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Marina Arbi
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Stavros Taraviras
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Department of General Biology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
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3
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Spegg V, Altmeyer M. Genome maintenance meets mechanobiology. Chromosoma 2024; 133:15-36. [PMID: 37581649 PMCID: PMC10904543 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Genome stability is key for healthy cells in healthy organisms, and deregulated maintenance of genome integrity is a hallmark of aging and of age-associated diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration. To maintain a stable genome, genome surveillance and repair pathways are closely intertwined with cell cycle regulation and with DNA transactions that occur during transcription and DNA replication. Coordination of these processes across different time and length scales involves dynamic changes of chromatin topology, clustering of fragile genomic regions and repair factors into nuclear repair centers, mobilization of the nuclear cytoskeleton, and activation of cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we provide a general overview of cell cycle regulation and of the processes involved in genome duplication in human cells, followed by an introduction to replication stress and to the cellular responses elicited by perturbed DNA synthesis. We discuss fragile genomic regions that experience high levels of replication stress, with a particular focus on telomere fragility caused by replication stress at the ends of linear chromosomes. Using alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in cancer cells and ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) as examples of replication stress-associated clustered DNA damage, we discuss compartmentalization of DNA repair reactions and the role of protein properties implicated in phase separation. Finally, we highlight emerging connections between DNA repair and mechanobiology and discuss how biomolecular condensates, components of the nuclear cytoskeleton, and interfaces between membrane-bound organelles and membraneless macromolecular condensates may cooperate to coordinate genome maintenance in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Spegg
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Zamalloa LG, Pruitt MM, Hermance NM, Gali H, Flynn RL, Manning AL. RB loss sensitizes cells to replication-associated DNA damage after PARP inhibition by trapping. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302067. [PMID: 37704395 PMCID: PMC10500056 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) interacts physically and functionally with a number of epigenetic modifying enzymes to control transcriptional regulation, respond to replication stress, promote DNA damage response and repair, and regulate genome stability. To better understand how disruption of RB function impacts epigenetic regulation of genome stability and determine whether such changes represent exploitable weaknesses of RB-deficient cancer cells, we performed an imaging-based screen to identify epigenetic inhibitors that promote DNA damage and compromise the viability of RB-deficient cells. We found that loss of RB alone leads to high levels of replication-dependent poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) and that preventing PARylation by trapping PARP enzymes on chromatin enables RB-deficient cells to progress to mitosis with unresolved replication stress. These defects contribute to high levels of DNA damage and compromised cell viability. We demonstrate this sensitivity is conserved across a panel of drugs that target both PARP1 and PARP2 and can be suppressed by reexpression of the RB protein. Together, these data indicate that drugs that target PARP1 and PARP2 may be clinically relevant for RB-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gregory Zamalloa
- https://ror.org/05ejpqr48 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Margaret M Pruitt
- https://ror.org/05ejpqr48 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nicole M Hermance
- https://ror.org/05ejpqr48 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Himabindu Gali
- Boston University School of Medicine, Pharmacology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel L Flynn
- Boston University School of Medicine, Pharmacology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amity L Manning
- https://ror.org/05ejpqr48 Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA, USA
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5
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Paniagua I, Jacobs JJL. Freedom to err: The expanding cellular functions of translesion DNA polymerases. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3608-3621. [PMID: 37625405 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases were originally described as error-prone enzymes involved in the bypass of DNA lesions. However, extensive research over the past few decades has revealed that these enzymes play pivotal roles not only in lesion bypass, but also in a myriad of other cellular processes. Such processes include DNA replication, DNA repair, epigenetics, immune signaling, and even viral infection. This review discusses the wide range of functions exhibited by TLS polymerases, including their underlying biochemical mechanisms and associated mutagenicity. Given their multitasking ability to alleviate replication stress, TLS polymerases represent a cellular dependency and a critical vulnerability of cancer cells. Hence, this review also highlights current and emerging strategies for targeting TLS polymerases in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Paniagua
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J L Jacobs
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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6
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Wang Q, Hou K, Yang J, Li H, Li C, Zhang Y, Tian J, Li C, Guo B, Jia S, Luo Y. Modified iPOND revealed the role of mutant p53 in promoting helicase function and telomere maintenance. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:10767-10784. [PMID: 37827695 PMCID: PMC10599736 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The G-rich DNA, such as telomere, tends to form G-quadruplex (G4) structure, which slows down the replication fork progression, induces replication stress, and becomes the chromosome fragile sites. Here we described a molecular strategy that cells developed to overcome the DNA replication stress via DNA helicase regulation. The p53N236S (p53S) mutation has been found in the Werner syndrome mouse embryo fibroblast (MEFs) escaped from senescence, could be the driving force for cell escaping senescence. We revealed that the p53S could transcriptionally up-regulate DNA helicases expression, including Wrn, Blm, Timeless, Ddx, Mcm, Gins, Fanc, as well as telomere specific proteins Terf1, Pot1, through which p53S promoted the unwinding of G4 structures, and protected the cells from DNA replication stress induced by G4 stabilizer. By modified iPOND (isolation of proteins on nascent DNA) assay and telomere assay, we demonstrated that the p53S could promote the recruitment of those helicases to the DNA replication forks, facilitated the maintenance of telomere, and prevent the telomere dysfunction induced by G4 stabilizer. Interestingly, we did not observe the function of promoting G4 resolving and facilitating telomere lengthening in the cells with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome mutation-p53R172H (p53H), which suggests that this is the specific gain of function for p53S. Together our data suggest that the p53S could gain the new function of releasing the replication stress via regulating the helicase function and G4 structure, which benefits telomere lengthening. This strategy could be applied to the treatment of diseases caused by telomere replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Kailong Hou
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Haili Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, Shandong, China
| | - Cui Li
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanduo Zhang
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chuanbiao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuting Jia
- Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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7
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Benada J, Alsowaida D, Megeney LA, Sørensen CS. Self-inflicted DNA breaks in cell differentiation and cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:850-859. [PMID: 36997393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Self-inflicted DNA strand breaks are canonically linked with cell death pathways and the establishment of genetic diversity in immune and germline cells. Moreover, this form of DNA damage is an established source of genome instability in cancer development. However, recent studies indicate that nonlethal self-inflicted DNA strand breaks play an indispensable but underappreciated role in a variety of cell processes, including differentiation and cancer therapy responses. Mechanistically, these physiological DNA breaks originate from the activation of nucleases, which are best characterized for inducing DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cell death. In this review, we outline the emerging biology of one critical nuclease, caspase-activated DNase (CAD), and how directed activation or deployment of this enzyme can lead to divergent cell fate outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benada
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark
| | - Dalal Alsowaida
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lynn A Megeney
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and the Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Claus S Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen 2200 N, Denmark.
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8
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Hertz EPT, Vega IAD, Kruse T, Wang Y, Hendriks IA, Bizard AH, Eugui-Anta A, Hay RT, Nielsen ML, Nilsson J, Hickson ID, Mailand N. The SUMO-NIP45 pathway processes toxic DNA catenanes to prevent mitotic failure. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1303-1313. [PMID: 37474739 PMCID: PMC10497417 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation regulates numerous cellular processes, but what represents the essential functions of this protein modification remains unclear. To address this, we performed genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9-based screens, revealing that the BLM-TOP3A-RMI1-RMI2 (BTRR)-PICH pathway, which resolves ultrafine anaphase DNA bridges (UFBs) arising from catenated DNA structures, and the poorly characterized protein NIP45/NFATC2IP become indispensable for cell proliferation when SUMOylation is inhibited. We demonstrate that NIP45 and SUMOylation orchestrate an interphase pathway for converting DNA catenanes into double-strand breaks (DSBs) that activate the G2 DNA-damage checkpoint, thereby preventing cytokinesis failure and binucleation when BTRR-PICH-dependent UFB resolution is defective. NIP45 mediates this new TOP2-independent DNA catenane resolution process via its SUMO-like domains, promoting SUMOylation of specific factors including the SLX4 multi-nuclease complex, which contributes to catenane conversion into DSBs. Our findings establish that SUMOylation exerts its essential role in cell proliferation by enabling resolution of toxic DNA catenanes via nonepistatic NIP45- and BTRR-PICH-dependent pathways to prevent mitotic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil P T Hertz
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ignacio Alonso-de Vega
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kruse
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivo A Hendriks
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna H Bizard
- Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ania Eugui-Anta
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian D Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Mailand
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Zamalloa LG, Pruitt MM, Hermance NM, Gali H, Flynn RL, Manning AL. RB loss sensitizes cells to replication-associated DNA damage by PARP inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.25.532215. [PMID: 36993348 PMCID: PMC10055402 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.25.532215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) interacts physically and functionally with a number of epigenetic modifying enzymes to control transcriptional regulation, respond to replication stress, promote DNA damage response and repair pathways, and regulate genome stability. To better understand how disruption of RB function impacts epigenetic regulation of genome stability and determine whether such changes may represent exploitable weaknesses of RB-deficient cancer cells, we performed an imaging-based screen to identify epigenetic inhibitors that promote DNA damage and compromise viability of RB-deficient cells. We found that loss of RB alone leads to high levels of replication-dependent poly-ADP ribosylation (PARylation) and that preventing PARylation through inhibition of PARP enzymes enables RB-deficient cells to progress to mitosis with unresolved replication stress and under-replicated DNA. These defects contribute to high levels of DNA damage, decreased proliferation, and compromised cell viability. We demonstrate this sensitivity is conserved across a panel of inhibitors that target both PARP1 and PARP2 and can be suppressed by re-expression of the RB protein. Together, these data indicate that inhibitors of PARP1 and PARP2 may be clinically relevant for RB-deficient cancers.
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10
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Phase separation properties of RPA combine high-affinity ssDNA binding with dynamic condensate functions at telomeres. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:451-462. [PMID: 36894693 PMCID: PMC10113159 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-00932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
RPA has been shown to protect single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) intermediates from instability and breakage. RPA binds ssDNA with sub-nanomolar affinity, yet dynamic turnover is required for downstream ssDNA transactions. How ultrahigh-affinity binding and dynamic turnover are achieved simultaneously is not well understood. Here we reveal that RPA has a strong propensity to assemble into dynamic condensates. In solution, purified RPA phase separates into liquid droplets with fusion and surface wetting behavior. Phase separation is stimulated by sub-stoichiometric amounts of ssDNA, but not RNA or double-stranded DNA, and ssDNA gets selectively enriched in RPA condensates. We find the RPA2 subunit required for condensation and multi-site phosphorylation of the RPA2 N-terminal intrinsically disordered region to regulate RPA self-interaction. Functionally, quantitative proximity proteomics links RPA condensation to telomere clustering and integrity in cancer cells. Collectively, our results suggest that RPA-coated ssDNA is contained in dynamic RPA condensates whose properties are important for genome organization and stability.
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Li H, Yang C, Chen K, Sun M. Expression significance of Emi1, UBCH10 and CyclinB1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611081. [PMID: 37168048 PMCID: PMC10164988 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), esophageal cancer is still a heavy social and medical burden due to its high incidence. Uncontrolled division and proliferation is one of the characteristics of tumor cells, which will promote rapid tumor growth and metastasis. Early mitotic inhibitor 1 (Emi1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 10 (UBCH10) and CyclinB1 are important proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle. In this study, the expression of Emi1, UBCH10 and CyclinB1 in ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues will be analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization techniques, and their relationship with tumor proliferation and apoptosis will be analyzed. The results showed that Emi1, UBCH10 and CyclinB1 genes and proteins were highly expressed in tumor tissues, which were correlated with tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and pathological stage, and positively correlated with tumor proliferation. Emi1, UBCH10 and CyclinB1 are also positively correlated. It is speculated that Emi1, UBCH10 and CyclinB1 genes synergically promote tumor proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, which may be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenbo Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kuisheng Chen, ; Miaomiao Sun,
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kuisheng Chen, ; Miaomiao Sun,
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12
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Hassani MA, Murid J, Yan J. Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 gene and its association with malignancy. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 6:e1735. [PMID: 36253342 PMCID: PMC9875622 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the progression of next-generation sequencing technologies, researchers have identified numerous variants of the regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) gene that are associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypic manifestations, including malignancies. At the molecular level, RTEL1 is involved in the regulation of the repair, replication, and transcription of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the maintenance of telomere length. RTEL1 can act both as a promotor and inhibitor of tumorigenesis. Here, we review the potential mechanisms implicated in the malignant transformation of tissues under conditions of RTEL1 deficiency or its aberrant overexpression. RECENT FINDINGS A major hemostatic challenge during RTEL1 dysfunction could arise from its unbalanced activity for unwinding guanine-rich quadruplex DNA (G4-DNA) structures. In contrast, RTEL1 deficiency leads to alterations in telomeric and genome-wide DNA maintenance mechanisms, ribonucleoprotein metabolism, and the creation of an inflammatory and immune-deficient microenvironment, all promoting malignancy. Additionally, we hypothesize that functionally similar molecules could act to compensate for the deteriorated functions of RTEL1, thereby facilitating the survival of malignant cells. On the contrary, RTEL1 over-expression was directed toward G4-unwinding, by promoting replication fork progression and maintaining intact telomeres, may facilitate malignant transformation and proliferation of various pre-malignant cellular compartments. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, restoring the equilibrium of RTEL1 functions could serve as a therapeutic approach for preventing and treating malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arian Hassani
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina,Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Ali Abad Teaching HospitalKabul University of Medical SciencesJamal menaKabulAfghanistan
| | - Jamshid Murid
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Ali Abad Teaching HospitalKabul University of Medical SciencesJamal menaKabulAfghanistan
| | - Jinsong Yan
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Translational Medicine, Dalian Key Laboratory of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina,Diamond Bay Institute of HematologySecond Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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13
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Li MJ, Yan SB, Chen G, Li GS, Yang Y, Wei T, He DS, Yang Z, Cen GY, Wang J, Liu LY, Liang ZJ, Chen L, Yin BT, Xu RX, Huang ZG. Upregulation of CCNB2 and Its Perspective Mechanisms in Cerebral Ischemic Stroke and All Subtypes of Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Study. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:854540. [PMID: 35928585 PMCID: PMC9344069 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.854540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin B2 (CCNB2) belongs to type B cell cycle family protein, which is located on chromosome 15q22, and it binds to cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) to regulate their activities. In this study, 103 high-throughput datasets related to all subtypes of lung cancer (LC) and cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) with the data of CCNB2 expression were collected. The analysis of standard mean deviation (SMD) and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) reflecting expression status demonstrated significant up-regulation of CCNB2 in LC and CIS (Lung adenocarcinoma: SMD = 1.40, 95%CI [0.98–1.83], SROC = 0.92, 95%CI [0.89–0.94]. Lung squamous cell carcinoma: SMD = 2.56, 95%CI [1.64–3.48]. SROC = 0.97, 95%CI [0.95–0.98]. Lung small cell carcinoma: SMD = 3.01, 95%CI [2.01–4.01]. SROC = 0.98, 95%CI [0.97–0.99]. CIS: SMD = 0.29, 95%CI [0.05–0.53], SROC = 0.68, 95%CI [0.63–0.71]). Simultaneously, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that CCNB2 is the hub molecule of crossed high-expressed genes in CIS and LC. Through Multiscale embedded gene co-expression network analysis (MEGENA), a gene module of CIS including 76 genes was obtained and function enrichment analysis of the CCNB2 module genes implied that CCNB2 may participate in the processes in the formation of CIS and tissue damage caused by CIS, such as “cell cycle,” “protein kinase activity,” and “glycosphingolipid biosynthesis.” Afterward, via single-cell RNA-seq analysis, CCNB2 was found up-regulated on GABAergic neurons in brain organoids as well as T cells expressing proliferative molecules in LUAD. Concurrently, the expression of CCNB2 distributed similarly to TOP2A as a module marker of cell proliferation in cell cluster. These findings can help in the field of the pathogenesis of LC-related CIS and neuron repair after CIS damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Li
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shi-Bai Yan
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Li
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - De-Shen He
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Wuzhou Gongren Hospital, Wuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gerontology, No. 923 Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Nanning, China
| | - Geng-Yu Cen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liu-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bin-Tong Yin
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ruo-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology/Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Guang Huang,
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14
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Saxena S, Zou L. Hallmarks of DNA replication stress. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2298-2314. [PMID: 35714587 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Faithful DNA replication is critical for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Although DNA replication machinery is highly accurate, the process of DNA replication is constantly challenged by DNA damage and other intrinsic and extrinsic stresses throughout the genome. A variety of cellular stresses interfering with DNA replication, which are collectively termed replication stress, pose a threat to genomic stability in both normal and cancer cells. To cope with replication stress and maintain genomic stability, cells have evolved a complex network of cellular responses to alleviate and tolerate replication problems. This review will focus on the major sources of replication stress, the impacts of replication stress in cells, and the assays to detect replication stress, offering an overview of the hallmarks of DNA replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Saxena
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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15
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Huang M, Liu C, Shao Y, Zhou S, Hu G, Yin S, Pu W, Yu H. Anti-tumor pharmacology of natural products targeting mitosis. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0006. [PMID: 35699421 PMCID: PMC9257311 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been an insurmountable problem in the history of medical science. The uncontrollable proliferation of cancer cells is one of cancer’s main characteristics, which is closely associated with abnormal mitosis. Targeting mitosis is an effective method for cancer treatment. This review summarizes several natural products with anti-tumor effects related to mitosis, focusing on targeting microtubulin, inducing DNA damage, and modulating mitosis-associated kinases. Furthermore, the main disadvantages of several typical compounds, including drug resistance, toxicity to non-tumor tissues, and poor aqueous solubility and pharmacokinetic properties, are also discussed, together with strategies to address them. Improved understanding of cancer cell mitosis and natural products may pave the way to drug development for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manru Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Caiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingying Shao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shiyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Gaoyong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weiling Pu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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16
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Biswas B, Chaaban R, Chakraborty S, Devaux A, Dian AL, Minello A, Singh JK, Vagner S, Uguen P, Lambert S, Dutertre M, Carreira A. At the crossroads of RNA biology, genome integrity and cancer. Bull Cancer 2022; 109:728-735. [PMID: 35597618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article is the synthesis of the scientific presentations that took place during two international courses at Institute Curie, one on post-transcriptional gene regulation and the other on genome instability and human disease, that were joined together in their 2021 edition. This joined course brought together the knowledge on RNA metabolism and the maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswendu Biswas
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Rady Chaaban
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Shrena Chakraborty
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Alexandre Devaux
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Ana Luisa Dian
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Anna Minello
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Jenny Kaur Singh
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Stephan Vagner
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Patricia Uguen
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France.
| | - Sarah Lambert
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Martin Dutertre
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Aura Carreira
- CNRS UMR 3348 Genome integrity, RNA and Cancer, Institut Curie, University Paris-Saclay, 91401 Orsay, France
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17
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Kuzin S, Bogomolov D, Berechikidze I, Larina S, Sakharova T. Peculiar features of bone marrow cell proliferation in Djungarian hamsters with genetic disorders under thiotepa effect. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e77353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper aims to examine the proliferation of bone marrow cell pool in Djungarian hamsters and the subsequent restoration of their genetic stability after the action of thiotepa (TT). The study involved 36 animals, of which 16 were in the control group (injected with 0.25 ml of physiological solution), and 20 in the experimental group (0.25 ml of thiotepa at a dose of 1.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight). The maximum number of cells with CA amounting to 30.0% was observed 13 hours after TT injection (p≤0.05 between the control and experimental groups) and rapidly declined to 5.7% over subsequent periods by the 37th hour of the experiment (p≤0.05). The results suggest that the restoration of cell pool genetic stability is largely associated with the cell selection mechanisms, which confers an advantage over cell proliferation without chromosome anomalies.
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18
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Role of the Circadian Clock "Death-Loop" in the DNA Damage Response Underpinning Cancer Treatment Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050880. [PMID: 35269502 PMCID: PMC8909334 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we review the role of the circadian clock (CC) in the resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic treatments in relation to whole-genome duplication (WGD) and telomere-length regulation. The CC drives the normal cell cycle, tissue differentiation, and reciprocally regulates telomere elongation. However, it is deregulated in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the early embryo, and cancer. Here, we review the DNA damage response of cancer cells and a similar impact on the cell cycle to that found in ESCs—overcoming G1/S, adapting DNA damage checkpoints, tolerating DNA damage, coupling telomere erosion to accelerated cell senescence, and favouring transition by mitotic slippage into the ploidy cycle (reversible polyploidy). Polyploidy decelerates the CC. We report an intriguing positive correlation between cancer WGD and the deregulation of the CC assessed by bioinformatics on 11 primary cancer datasets (rho = 0.83; p < 0.01). As previously shown, the cancer cells undergoing mitotic slippage cast off telomere fragments with TERT, restore the telomeres by ALT-recombination, and return their depolyploidised offspring to telomerase-dependent regulation. By reversing this polyploidy and the CC “death loop”, the mitotic cycle and Hayflick limit count are thus again renewed. Our review and proposed mechanism support a life-cycle concept of cancer and highlight the perspective of cancer treatment by differentiation.
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19
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Adam S, Rossi SE, Moatti N, De Marco Zompit M, Xue Y, Ng TF, Álvarez-Quilón A, Desjardins J, Bhaskaran V, Martino G, Setiaputra D, Noordermeer SM, Ohsumi TK, Hustedt N, Szilard RK, Chaudhary N, Munro M, Veloso A, Melo H, Yin SY, Papp R, Young JTF, Zinda M, Stucki M, Durocher D. The CIP2A-TOPBP1 axis safeguards chromosome stability and is a synthetic lethal target for BRCA-mutated cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1357-1371. [PMID: 35121901 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BRCA1/2-mutated cancer cells adapt to the genome instability caused by their deficiency in homologous recombination (HR). Identification of these adaptive mechanisms may provide therapeutic strategies to target tumors caused by the loss of these genes. In the present study, we report genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 synthetic lethality screens in isogenic pairs of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient cells and identify CIP2A as an essential gene in BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutated cells. CIP2A is cytoplasmic in interphase but, in mitosis, accumulates at DNA lesions as part of a complex with TOPBP1, a multifunctional genome stability factor. Unlike PARP inhibition, CIP2A deficiency does not cause accumulation of replication-associated DNA lesions that require HR for their repair. In BRCA-deficient cells, the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex prevents lethal mis-segregation of acentric chromosomes that arises from impaired DNA synthesis. Finally, physical disruption of the CIP2A-TOPBP1 complex is highly deleterious in BRCA-deficient tumors, indicating that CIP2A represents an attractive synthetic lethal therapeutic target for BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Adam
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Emma Rossi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalie Moatti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mara De Marco Zompit
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Yibo Xue
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy F Ng
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Quilón
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Repare Therapeutics, St-Laurent, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Dheva Setiaputra
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvie M Noordermeer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nicole Hustedt
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lonza AG, Visp, Switzerland
| | - Rachel K Szilard
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Chaudhary
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meagan Munro
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Henrique Melo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Robert Papp
- Repare Therapeutics, St-Laurent, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Spegg V, Altmeyer M. Biomolecular condensates at sites of DNA damage: More than just a phase. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 106:103179. [PMID: 34311273 PMCID: PMC7612016 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein recruitment to DNA break sites is an integral part of the DNA damage response (DDR). Elucidation of the hierarchy and temporal order with which DNA damage sensors as well as repair and signaling factors assemble around chromosome breaks has painted a complex picture of tightly regulated macromolecular interactions that build specialized compartments to facilitate repair and maintenance of genome integrity. While many of the underlying interactions, e.g. between repair factors and damage-induced histone marks, can be explained by lock-and-key or induced fit binding models assuming fixed stoichiometries, structurally less well defined interactions, such as the highly dynamic multivalent interactions implicated in phase separation, also participate in the formation of multi-protein assemblies in response to genotoxic stress. Although much remains to be learned about these types of cooperative and highly dynamic interactions and their functional roles, the rapidly growing interest in material properties of biomolecular condensates and in concepts from polymer chemistry and soft matter physics to understand biological processes at different scales holds great promises. Here, we discuss nuclear condensates in the context of genome integrity maintenance, highlighting the cooperative potential between clustered stoichiometric binding and phase separation. Rather than viewing them as opposing scenarios, their combined effects can balance structural specificity with favorable physicochemical properties relevant for the regulation and function of multilayered nuclear condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Spegg
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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De Marco Zompit M, Stucki M. Mechanisms of genome stability maintenance during cell division. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103215. [PMID: 34455186 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis, chromosomes undergo extensive structural changes resulting in the formation of compact cylindrical bodies and in the termination of the bulk of DNA-dependent metabolic activities. Therefore, DNA lesions that interfere with processes such as DNA replication and transcription in interphase are not expected to pose a major threat to genome stability in mitosis. There are, however, a few exceptions. DNA replication and repair intermediates that physically interconnect the sister chromatids jeopardize faithful chromosome segregation and need to be resolved before the onset of anaphase. In addition, dicentric chromosomes can form chromatin bridges and induce breakage-fusion-breakage cycles with dire consequences for genome stability. Finally, chromosome breaks that escape the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint or emerge early in mitosis may result in lagging acentric DNA fragments that mis-segregate and form micronuclei when cells exit from mitosis. Both chromatin bridges and micronuclei are potential sources of a mutational cascade that results in massive chromosomal instability and significantly contributes to genomic complexity. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the origins and consequences of chromosome bridges and micronuclei and the mechanisms by which cells suppress them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara De Marco Zompit
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
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22
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Lezaja A, Panagopoulos A, Wen Y, Carvalho E, Imhof R, Altmeyer M. RPA shields inherited DNA lesions for post-mitotic DNA synthesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3827. [PMID: 34158486 PMCID: PMC8219667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm that checkpoints halt cell cycle progression for genome repair has been challenged by the recent discovery of heritable DNA lesions escaping checkpoint control. How such inherited lesions affect genome function and integrity is not well understood. Here, we identify a new class of heritable DNA lesions, which is marked by replication protein A (RPA), a protein primarily known for shielding single-stranded DNA in S/G2. We demonstrate that post-mitotic RPA foci occur at low frequency during unperturbed cell cycle progression, originate from the previous cell cycle, and are exacerbated upon replication stress. RPA-marked inherited ssDNA lesions are found at telomeres, particularly of ALT-positive cancer cells. We reveal that RPA protects these replication remnants in G1 to allow for post-mitotic DNA synthesis (post-MiDAS). Given that ALT-positive cancer cells exhibit high levels of replication stress and telomere fragility, targeting post-MiDAS might be a new therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lezaja
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Panagopoulos
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yanlin Wen
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edison Carvalho
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Imhof
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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