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Olivas-Aguirre M, Cruz-Aguilar LH, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Reduction of Ca 2+ Entry by a Specific Block of KCa3.1 Channels Optimizes Cytotoxic Activity of NK Cells against T-ALL Jurkat Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2065. [PMID: 37626875 PMCID: PMC10453324 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Degranulation mediated killing mechanism by NK cells is dependent on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and has optimum at moderate intracellular Ca2+ elevations so that partial block of SOCE optimizes the killing process. In this study, we tested the effect of the selective blocker of KCa3.1 channel NS6180 on SOCE and the killing efficiency of NK cells from healthy donors and NK-92 cells against T-ALL cell line Jurkat. Patch-clamp analysis showed that only one-quarter of resting NK cells functionally express KCa3.1 current, which increases 3-fold after activation by interleukins 15 and 2. Nevertheless, blockage of KCa3.1 significantly reduced SOCE and intracellular Ca2+ rise induced by IL-15 or target cell recognition. NS6180 (1 μM) decreased NK degranulation at zero time of coculture with Jurkat cells but already after 1 h, the degranulation reached the same level as in the control. Monitoring of target cell death by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated that NS6180 significantly improved the killing ability of NK cells after 1 h in coculture with Jurkat cells and increased the Jurkat cell fraction with apoptotic and necrotic markers. Our data evidence a strong dependence of SOCE on KCa3.1 activity in NK cells and that KCa3.1 specific block can improve NK cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
- Division of Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences, South University Center (CUsur), University of Guadalajara, Guzmán City 49000, Mexico
| | - Laura Hadit Cruz-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
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2
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Slowik EJ, Stankoska K, Bui NN, Pasieka B, Conrad D, Zapp J, Hoth M, Bogeski I, Kappl R. The calcium channel modulator 2-APB hydrolyzes in physiological buffers and acts as an effective radical scavenger and inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase 2. Redox Biol 2023; 61:102654. [PMID: 36889081 PMCID: PMC10009725 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is commonly used as a tool to modulate calcium signaling in physiological studies. 2-APB has a complex pharmacology and acts as activator or inhibitor of a variety of Ca2+ channels and transporters. While unspecific, 2-APB is one of the most-used agents to modulate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated by the STIM-gated Orai channels. Due to its boron core structure, 2-APB tends to readily hydrolyze in aqueous environment, a property that results in a complex physicochemical behavior. Here, we quantified the degree of hydrolysis in physiological conditions and identified the hydrolysis products diphenylborinic acid and 2-aminoethanol by NMR. Notably, we detected a high sensitivity of 2-APB/diphenylborinic acid towards decomposition by hydrogen peroxide to compounds such as phenylboronic acid, phenol, and boric acid, which were, in contrast to 2-APB itself and diphenylborinic acid, insufficient to affect SOCE in physiological experiments. Consequently, the efficacy of 2-APB as a Ca2+ signal modulator strongly depends on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within the experimental system. The antioxidant behavior of 2-APB towards ROS and its resulting decomposition are inversely correlated to its potency to modulate Ca2+ signaling as shown by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and Ca2+ imaging. Finally, we observed a strong inhibitory effect of 2-APB, i.e., its hydrolysis product diphenylborinic acid, on NADPH oxidase (NOX2) activity in human monocytes. These new 2-APB properties are highly relevant for Ca2+ and redox signaling studies and for pharmacological application of 2-APB and related boron compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jasmin Slowik
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Katerina Stankoska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nhat Nguyen Bui
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Pasieka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - David Conrad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany; Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Josef Zapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, UMG, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kappl
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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3
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Zhao W, Pan L, Stalin A, Xu J, Wu L, Ke X, Chen Y. Inhibitory Effects of 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl Borate (2-APB) on Three K V1 Channel Currents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020871. [PMID: 36677928 PMCID: PMC9865587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a boron-containing compound, is a multitarget compound with potential as a drug precursor and exerts various effects in systems of the human body. Ion channels are among the reported targets of 2-APB. The effects of 2-APB on voltage-gated potassium channels (KV) have been reported, but the types of KV channels that 2-APB inhibits and the inhibitory mechanism remain unknown. In this paper, we discovered that 2-APB acted as an inhibitor of three representative human KV1 channels. 2-APB significantly blocked A-type Kv channel KV1.4 in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 67.3 μM, while it inhibited the delayed outward rectifier channels KV1.2 and KV1.3, with IC50s of 310.4 μM and 454.9 μM, respectively. Further studies on KV1.4 showed that V549, T551, A553, and L554 at the cavity region and N-terminal played significant roles in 2-APB's effects on the KV1.4 channel. The results also indicated the importance of fast inactivation gating in determining the different effects of 2-APB on three channels. Interestingly, a current facilitation phenomenon by a short prepulse after 2-APB application was discovered for the first time. The docked modeling revealed that 2-APB could form hydrogen bonds with different sites in the cavity region of three channels, and the inhibition constants showed a similar trend to the experimental results. These findings revealed new molecular targets of 2-APB and demonstrated that 2-APB's effects on KV1 channels might be part of the reason for the diverse bioactivities of 2-APB in the human body and in animal models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lanying Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Liren Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animal and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xianfu Ke
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animal and Safety Research, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (X.K.); (Y.C.)
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4
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Wright JR, Mahaut-Smith MP. Why do platelets express K + channels? Platelets 2021; 32:872-879. [PMID: 33872124 PMCID: PMC8437091 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1904135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Potassium ions have widespread roles in cellular homeostasis and activation as a consequence of their large outward concentration gradient across the surface membrane and ability to rapidly move through K+-selective ion channels. In platelets, the predominant K+ channels include the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3, and the intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1, also known as the Gardos channel. Inwardly rectifying potassium GIRK channels and KCa1.1 large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels have also been reported in the platelet, although they remain to be demonstrated using electrophysiological techniques. Whole-cell patch clamp and fluorescent indicator measurements in the platelet or their precursor cell reveal that Kv1.3 sets the resting membrane potential and KCa3.1 can further hyperpolarize the cell during activation, thereby controlling Ca2+ influx. Kv1.3-/- mice exhibit an increased platelet count, which may result from an increased splenic megakaryocyte development and longer platelet lifespan. This review discusses the evidence in the literature that Kv1.3, KCa3.1. GIRK and KCa1.1 channels contribute to a number of platelet functional responses, particularly collagen-evoked adhesion, procoagulant activity and GPCR function. Putative roles for other K+ channels and known accessory proteins which to date have only been detected in transcriptomic or proteomic studies, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy R Wright
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
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5
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Wei H, Davies JE, Harper MT. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) inhibits release of phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles from platelets. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:10. [PMID: 32140260 PMCID: PMC7051957 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0244-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated, procoagulant platelets shed phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposing extracellular vesicles (EVs) from their surface in a Ca2+- and calpain-dependent manner. These PS-exposing EVs are prothrombotic and proinflammatory and are found at elevated levels in many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. How PS-exposing EVs are shed is not fully understood. A clearer understanding of this process may aid the development of drugs to selectively block their release. In this study we report that 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB) significantly inhibits the release of PS-exposing EVs from platelets stimulated with the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, or the pore-forming toxin, streptolysin-O. Two analogues of 2-APB, diphenylboronic anhydride (DPBA) and 3-(diphenylphosphino)-1-propylamine (DP3A), inhibited PS-exposing EV release with similar potency. Although 2-APB and DPBA weakly inhibited platelet PS exposure and calpain activity, this was not seen with DP3A despite inhibiting PS-exposing EV release. These data suggest that there is a further target of 2-APB, independent of cytosolic Ca2+ signalling, PS exposure and calpain activity, that is required for PS-exposing EV release. DP3A is likely to inhibit the same target, without these other effects. Identifying the target of 2-APB, DPBA and DP3A may provide a new way to inhibit PS-exposing EV release from activated platelets and inhibit their contribution to thrombosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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6
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N Rosalez M, Estevez-Fregoso E, Alatorre A, Abad-García A, A Soriano-Ursúa M. 2-Aminoethyldiphenyl Borinate: A Multitarget Compound with Potential as a Drug Precursor. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 13:57-75. [PMID: 31654521 DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666191025145429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boron is considered a trace element that induces various effects in systems of the human body. However, each boron-containing compound exerts different effects. OBJECTIVE To review the effects of 2-Aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB), an organoboron compound, on the human body, but also, its effects in animal models of human disease. METHODS In this review, the information to showcase the expansion of these reported effects through interactions with several ion channels and other receptors has been reported. These effects are relevant in the biomedical and chemical fields due to the application of the reported data in developing therapeutic tools to modulate the functions of the immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and nervous systems. RESULTS Accordingly, 2-APB acts as a modulator of adaptive and innate immunity, including the production of cytokines and the migration of leukocytes. Additionally, reports show that 2-APB exerts effects on neurons, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, and it provides a cytoprotective effect by the modulation and attenuation of reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSION The molecular pharmacology of 2-APB supports both its potential to act as a drug and the desirable inclusion of its moieties in new drug development. Research evaluating its efficacy in treating pain and specific maladies, such as immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative disorders, is scarce but interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin N Rosalez
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Estevez-Fregoso
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Alberto Alatorre
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Antonio Abad-García
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Department of Physiology, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis and Diaz Miron S/N, Mexico City, 11340, Mexico
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7
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Trachtenberg A, Muduli S, Sidoryk K, Cybulski M, Danilenko M. Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Methyl 4-Hydroxycinnamate and Carnosic Acid to Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Calcium-Dependent Apoptosis Induction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:507. [PMID: 31143124 PMCID: PMC6521573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematopoietic disease with poor prognosis for most patients. Conventional chemotherapy has been the standard treatment approach for AML in the past 40 years with limited success. Although, several targeted drugs were recently approved, their long-term impact on survival of patients with AML is yet to be determined. Thus, it is still necessary to develop alternative therapeutic approaches for this disease. We have previously shown a marked synergistic anti-leukemic effect of two polyphenols, curcumin (CUR) and carnosic acid (CA), on AML cells in-vitro and in-vivo. In this study, we identified another phenolic compound, methyl 4-hydroxycinnamate (MHC), which among several tested phytochemicals could uniquely cooperate with CA in killing AML cells, but not normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Notably, our data revealed striking phenotypical and mechanistic similarities in the apoptotic effects of MHC+CA and CUR+CA on AML cells. Yet, we show that MHC is a non-fluorescent molecule, which is an important technical advantage over CUR that can interfere in various fluorescence-based assays. Collectively, we demonstrated for the first time the antileukemic activity of MHC in combination with another phenolic compound. This type of synergistically acting combinations may represent prototypes for novel antileukemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviram Trachtenberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Suchismita Muduli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Katarzyna Sidoryk
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Cybulski
- Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Danilenko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Petho Z, Balajthy A, Bartok A, Bene K, Somodi S, Szilagyi O, Rajnavolgyi E, Panyi G, Varga Z. The anti-proliferative effect of cation channel blockers in T lymphocytes depends on the strength of mitogenic stimulation. Immunol Lett 2016; 171:60-9. [PMID: 26861999 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are crucially important for the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes, and thus, for the function of the immune system. Previous studies on the effects of channel blockers on T cell proliferation reported variable effectiveness due to differing experimental systems. Therefore our aim was to investigate how the strength of the mitogenic stimulation influences the efficiency of cation channel blockers in inhibiting activation, cytokine secretion and proliferation of T cells under standardized conditions. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated via monoclonal antibodies targeting the TCR-CD3 complex and the co-stimulator CD28. We applied the blockers of Kv1.3 (Anuroctoxin), KCa3.1 (TRAM-34) and CRAC (2-Apb) channels of T cells either alone or in combination with rapamycin, the inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Five days after the stimulation ELISA and flow cytometric measurements were performed to determine IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion, cellular viability and proliferation. Our results showed that ion channel blockers and rapamycin inhibit IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and cell division in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous application of the blockers for each channel along with rapamycin was the most effective, indicating synergy among the various activation pathways. Upon increasing the extent of mitogenic stimulation the anti-proliferative effect of the ion channel blockers diminished. This phenomenon may be important in understanding the fine-tuning of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Petho
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Balajthy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adam Bartok
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Bene
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sandor Somodi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Szilagyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Rajnavolgyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Panyi
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of General Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE-NAP B Ion Channel Structure-Function Research Group, RCMM, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032, Hungary
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