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Carpanese V, Festa M, Prosdocimi E, Bachmann M, Sadeghi S, Bertelli S, Stein F, Velle A, Abdel-Salam MAL, Romualdi C, Pusch M, Checchetto V. Interactomic exploration of LRRC8A in volume-regulated anion channels. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:299. [PMID: 38909013 PMCID: PMC11193767 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are critical in enabling ion movement into and within cells and are important targets for pharmacological interventions in different human diseases. In addition to their ion transport abilities, ion channels interact with signalling and scaffolding proteins, which affects their function, cellular positioning, and links to intracellular signalling pathways. The study of "channelosomes" within cells has the potential to uncover their involvement in human diseases, although this field of research is still emerging. LRRC8A is the gene that encodes a crucial protein involved in the formation of volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs). Some studies suggest that LRRC8A could be a valuable prognostic tool in different types of cancer, serving as a biomarker for predicting patients' outcomes. LRRC8A expression levels might be linked to tumour progression, metastasis, and treatment response, although its implications in different cancer types can be varied. Here, publicly accessible databases of cancer patients were systematically analysed to determine if a correlation between VRAC channel expression and survival rate exists across distinct cancer types. Moreover, we re-evaluated the impact of LRRC8A on cellular proliferation and migration in colon cancer via HCT116 LRRC8A-KO cells, which is a current topic of debate in the literature. In addition, to investigate the role of LRRC8A in cellular signalling, we conducted biotin proximity-dependent identification (BioID) analysis, revealing a correlation between VRAC channels and cell-cell junctions, mechanisms that govern cellular calcium homeostasis, kinases, and GTPase signalling. Overall, this dataset improves our understanding of LRRC8A/VRAC and explores new research avenues while identifying promising therapeutic targets and promoting inventive methods for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margherita Festa
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Via De Marini, 6 16149, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Magdalena Bachmann
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Daba Farber Cancer Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soha Sadeghi
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bertelli
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
- Humboldt Universität Berlin, AG Zelluläre Biophysik, Dorotheenstr, 19-21 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelo Velle
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mostafa A L Abdel-Salam
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- DiBio, Unipd, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Padua Center for Network Medicine, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 8, 315126, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael Pusch
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Via De Marini, 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
- RAISE Ecosystem, Genova, Italy
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2
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Gök C, Fuller W. Rise of palmitoylation: A new trick to tune NCX1 activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119719. [PMID: 38574822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The cardiac Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger (NCX1) controls transmembrane calcium flux in numerous tissues. The only reversible post-translational modification established to regulate NCX1 is palmitoylation, which alters the ability of the exchanger to inactivate. Palmitoylation creates a binding site for the endogenous XIP domain, a region of the NCX1 intracellular loop established to inactivate NCX1. The binding site created by NCX1 palmitoylation sensitizes the transporter to XIP. Herein we summarize our recent knowledge on NCX1 palmitoylation and its association with cardiac pathologies, and discuss these findings in the light of the recent cryo-EM structures of human NCX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Gök
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health (SCMH), Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - William Fuller
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health (SCMH), Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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3
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Giladi M, Fojtík L, Strauss T, Da'adoosh B, Hiller R, Man P, Khananshvili D. Structural dynamics of Na + and Ca 2+ interactions with full-size mammalian NCX. Commun Biol 2024; 7:463. [PMID: 38627576 PMCID: PMC11021524 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ allosterically regulate Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) proteins to vary the NCX-mediated Ca2+ entry/exit rates in diverse cell types. To resolve the structure-based dynamic mechanisms underlying the ion-dependent allosteric regulation in mammalian NCXs, we analyze the apo, Ca2+, and Na+-bound species of the brain NCX1.4 variant using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Ca2+ binding to the cytosolic regulatory domains (CBD1 and CBD2) rigidifies the intracellular regulatory loop (5L6) and promotes its interaction with the membrane domains. Either Na+ or Ca2+ stabilizes the intracellular portions of transmembrane helices TM3, TM4, TM9, TM10, and their connecting loops (3L4 and 9L10), thereby exposing previously unappreciated regulatory sites. Ca2+ or Na+ also rigidifies the palmitoylation domain (TMH2), and neighboring TM1/TM6 bundle, thereby uncovering a structural entity for modulating the ion transport rates. The present analysis provides new structure-dynamic clues underlying the regulatory diversity among tissue-specific NCX variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Giladi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 6423906, Israel.
| | - Lukáš Fojtík
- Division BioCeV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova, 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tali Strauss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Benny Da'adoosh
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Reuben Hiller
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Petr Man
- Division BioCeV, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova, 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Khananshvili
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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4
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Néré R, Kouba S, Carreras-Sureda A, Demaurex N. S-acylation of Ca2+ transport proteins: molecular basis and functional consequences. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:407-421. [PMID: 38348884 PMCID: PMC10903462 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) regulates a multitude of cellular processes during fertilization and throughout adult life by acting as an intracellular messenger to control effector functions in excitable and non-excitable cells. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels are driven by the co-ordinated action of Ca2+ channels, pumps, and exchangers, and the resulting signals are shaped and decoded by Ca2+-binding proteins to drive rapid and long-term cellular processes ranging from neurotransmission and cardiac contraction to gene transcription and cell death. S-acylation, a lipid post-translational modification, is emerging as a critical regulator of several important Ca2+-handling proteins. S-acylation is a reversible and dynamic process involving the attachment of long-chain fatty acids (most commonly palmitate) to cysteine residues of target proteins by a family of 23 proteins acyltransferases (zDHHC, or PATs). S-acylation modifies the conformation of proteins and their interactions with membrane lipids, thereby impacting intra- and intermolecular interactions, protein stability, and subcellular localization. Disruptions of S-acylation can alter Ca2+ signalling and have been implicated in the development of pathologies such as heart disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Here, we review the recent literature on the S-acylation of Ca2+ transport proteins of organelles and of the plasma membrane and highlight the molecular basis and functional consequence of their S-acylation as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting this regulation for diseases caused by alterations in cellular Ca2+ fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Néré
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sana Kouba
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Villanueva CE, Hagenbuch B. Palmitoylation of solute carriers. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115695. [PMID: 37481134 PMCID: PMC10530500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications are an important mechanism in the regulation of protein expression, function, and degradation. Well-known post-translational modifications are phosphorylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination. However, lipid modifications, including myristoylation, prenylation, and palmitoylation, are poorly studied. Since the early 2000s, researchers have become more interested in lipid modifications, especially palmitoylation. The number of articles in PubMed increased from about 350 between 2000 and 2005 to more than 600 annually during the past ten years. S-palmitoylation, where the 16-carbon saturated (C16:0) palmitic acid is added to free cysteine residues of proteins, is a reversible protein modification that can affect the expression, membrane localization, and function of the modified proteins. Various diseases like Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease have been linked to changes in protein palmitoylation. In humans, the addition of palmitic acid is mediated by 23 palmitoyl acyltransferases, also called DHHC proteins. The modification can be reversed by a few thioesterases or hydrolases. Numerous soluble and membrane-attached proteins are known to be palmitoylated, but among the approximately 400 solute carriers that are classified in 66 families, only 15 found in 8 families have so far been documented to be palmitoylated. Among the best-characterized transporters are the glucose transporters GLUT1 (SLC2A1) and GLUT4 (SLC2A4), the three monoamine transporters norepinephrine transporter (NET; SLC6A2), dopamine transporter (DAT; SLC6A3), and serotonin transporter (SERT; SLC6A4), and the sodium-calcium exchanger NCX1 (SLC8A1). While there is evidence from recent proteomics experiments that numerous solute carriers are palmitoylated, no details beyond the 15 transporters covered in this review are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia E Villanueva
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
| | - Bruno Hagenbuch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States.
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6
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Structure-Based Function and Regulation of NCX Variants: Updates and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010061. [PMID: 36613523 PMCID: PMC9820601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma-membrane homeostasis Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) mediate Ca2+ extrusion/entry to dynamically shape Ca2+ signaling/in biological systems ranging from bacteria to humans. The NCX gene orthologs, isoforms, and their splice variants are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and exhibit nearly 104-fold differences in the transport rates and regulatory specificities to match the cell-specific requirements. Selective pharmacological targeting of NCX variants could benefit many clinical applications, although this intervention remains challenging, mainly because a full-size structure of eukaryotic NCX is unavailable. The crystal structure of the archaeal NCX_Mj, in conjunction with biophysical, computational, and functional analyses, provided a breakthrough in resolving the ion transport mechanisms. However, NCX_Mj (whose size is nearly three times smaller than that of mammalian NCXs) cannot serve as a structure-dynamic model for imitating high transport rates and regulatory modules possessed by eukaryotic NCXs. The crystal structures of isolated regulatory domains (obtained from eukaryotic NCXs) and their biophysical analyses by SAXS, NMR, FRET, and HDX-MS approaches revealed structure-based variances of regulatory modules. Despite these achievements, it remains unclear how multi-domain interactions can decode and integrate diverse allosteric signals, thereby yielding distinct regulatory outcomes in a given ortholog/isoform/splice variant. This article summarizes the relevant issues from the perspective of future developments.
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7
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Cervilla-Martínez JF, Rodríguez-Gotor JJ, Wypijewski KJ, Fontán-Lozano Á, Wang T, Santamaría E, Fuller W, Mejías R. Altered Cortical Palmitoylation Induces Widespread Molecular Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214018. [PMID: 36430497 PMCID: PMC9696982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD), the second-most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, and palmitoylation, a post-translational lipid modification, is not well understood. In this study, to better understand the role of protein palmitoylation in PD and the pathways altered in this disease, we analyzed the differential palmitoyl proteome (palmitome) in the cerebral cortex of PD patients compared to controls (n = 4 per group). Data-mining of the cortical palmitome from PD patients and controls allowed us to: (i) detect a set of 150 proteins with altered palmitoylation in PD subjects in comparison with controls; (ii) describe the biological pathways and targets predicted to be altered by these palmitoylation changes; and (iii) depict the overlap between the differential palmitome identified in our study with protein interactomes of the PD-linked proteins α-synuclein, LRRK2, DJ-1, PINK1, GBA and UCHL1. In summary, we partially characterized the altered palmitome in the cortex of PD patients, which is predicted to impact cytoskeleton, mitochondrial and fibrinogen functions, as well as cell survival. Our study suggests that protein palmitoylation could have a role in the pathophysiology of PD, and that comprehensive palmitoyl-proteomics offers a powerful approach for elucidating novel cellular pathways modulated in this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. Cervilla-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, Avenida de la Reina Mercedes, 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan J. Rodríguez-Gotor
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, Avenida de la Reina Mercedes, 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, Avenida Santiago Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Krzysztof J. Wypijewski
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, Avenida de la Reina Mercedes, 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- McKusick—Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IDISNA, Irunlarrea Street, 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rebeca Mejías
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, Avenida de la Reina Mercedes, 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-559-549
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8
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Palmitoylation of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169357. [PMID: 36012639 PMCID: PMC9409123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein lipidation is one of the most common forms of posttranslational modification. This alteration couples different lipids, such as fatty acids, phospho- and glycolipids and sterols, to cellular proteins. Lipidation regulates different aspects of the protein’s physiology, including structure, stability and affinity for cellular membranes and protein–protein interactions. In this scenario, palmitoylation is the addition of long saturated fatty acid chains to amino acid residues of the proteins. The enzymes responsible for this modification are acyltransferases and thioesterases, which control the protein’s behavior by performing a series of acylation and deacylation cycles. These enzymes target a broad repertoire of substrates, including ion channels. Thus, protein palmitoylation exhibits a pleiotropic role by differential modulation of the trafficking, spatial organization and electrophysiological properties of ion channels. Considering voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), dysregulation of lipidation of both the channels and the associated ancillary subunits correlates with the development of various diseases, such as cancer or mental disorders. Therefore, a major role for protein palmitoylation is currently emerging, affecting not only the dynamism and differential regulation of a moiety of cellular proteins but also linking to human health. Therefore, palmitoylation of VGIC, as well as related enzymes, constitutes a novel pharmacological tool for drug development to target related pathologies.
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9
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Gao X, Kuo CW, Main A, Brown E, Rios FJ, Camargo LDL, Mary S, Wypijewski K, Gök C, Touyz RM, Fuller W. Palmitoylation regulates cellular distribution of and transmembrane Ca flux through TrpM7. Cell Calcium 2022; 106:102639. [PMID: 36027648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bifunctional cation channel/kinase TrpM7 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates embryonic development and pathogenesis of several common diseases. The TrpM7 integral membrane ion channel domain regulates transmembrane movement of divalent cations, and its kinase domain controls gene expression via histone phosphorylation. Mechanisms regulating TrpM7 are elusive. It exists in two populations in the cell: at the cell surface where it controls divalent cation fluxes, and in intracellular vesicles where it controls zinc uptake and release. Here we report that TrpM7 is palmitoylated at a cluster of cysteines at the C terminal end of its Trp domain. Palmitoylation controls the exit of TrpM7 from the endoplasmic reticulum and the distribution of TrpM7 between cell surface and intracellular pools. Using the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) system, we demonstrate that palmitoylated TrpM7 traffics from the Golgi to the surface membrane whereas non-palmitoylated TrpM7 is sequestered in intracellular vesicles. We identify the Golgi-resident enzyme zDHHC17 and surface membrane-resident enzyme zDHHC5 as responsible for palmitoylating TrpM7 and find that TrpM7-mediated transmembrane calcium uptake is significantly reduced when TrpM7 is not palmitoylated. The closely related channel/kinase TrpM6 is also palmitoylated on the C terminal side of its Trp domain. Our findings demonstrate that palmitoylation controls ion channel activity of TrpM7 and that TrpM7 trafficking is dependant on its palmitoylation. We define a new mechanism for post translational modification and regulation of TrpM7 and other Trps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Chien-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Main
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Brown
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Livia De Lucca Camargo
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sheon Mary
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Wypijewski
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Caglar Gök
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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10
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Gök C, Robertson AD, Fuller W. Insulin-induced palmitoylation regulates the Cardiac Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCX1. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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11
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Characteristic attributes limiting the transport rates in NCX orthologs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183792. [PMID: 34582763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCXs) modulate the Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis in health and disease. The transport cycle turnover rates (kcat) and the kcat/Km values of eukaryotic NCXs are ~104-times higher than those of prokaryotic NCXs. Three ion-coordinating residues (out of twelve) differ between eukaryotic NCXs and NCX_Mj. The replacement of three ion-coordinating residues in NCX_Mj does not increase kcat, probably due to the structural rigidity of NCX_Mj. Phospholipids and cholesterol increase (up to 10-fold) the transport rates in the cardiac NCX1.1, but not in NCX_Mj. A lipid environment can partially contribute to the huge kinetic variances among NCXs.
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12
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Main A, Boguslavskyi A, Howie J, Kuo CW, Rankin A, Burton FL, Smith GL, Hajjar R, Baillie GS, Campbell KS, Shattock MJ, Fuller W. Dynamic but discordant alterations in zDHHC5 expression and palmitoylation of its substrates in cardiac pathologies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1023237. [PMID: 36277202 PMCID: PMC9581287 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1023237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is an essential lipid modification catalysed by zDHHC-palmitoyl acyltransferases that regulates the localisation and activity of substrates in every class of protein and tissue investigated to date. In the heart, S-palmitoylation regulates sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX1) inactivation, phospholemman (PLM) inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase, Nav1.5 influence on membrane excitability and membrane localisation of heterotrimeric G-proteins. The cell surface localised enzyme zDHHC5 palmitoylates NCX1 and PLM and is implicated in injury during anoxia/reperfusion. Little is known about how palmitoylation remodels in cardiac diseases. We investigated expression of zDHHC5 in animal models of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure (HF), along with HF tissue from humans. zDHHC5 expression increased rapidly during onset of LVH, whilst HF was associated with decreased zDHHC5 expression. Paradoxically, palmitoylation of the zDHHC5 substrate NCX1 was significantly reduced in LVH but increased in human HF, while palmitoylation of the zDHHC5 substrate PLM was unchanged in all settings. Overexpression of zDHHC5 in rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes did not alter palmitoylation of its substrates or overall cardiomyocyte contractility, suggesting changes in zDHHC5 expression in disease may not be a primary driver of pathology. zDHHC5 itself is regulated by post-translational modifications, including palmitoylation in its C-terminal tail. We found that in HF palmitoylation of zDHHC5 changed in the same manner as palmitoylation of NCX1, suggesting additional regulatory mechanisms may be involved. This study provides novel evidence that palmitoylation of cardiac substrates is altered in the setting of HF, and that expression of zDHHC5 is dysregulated in both hypertrophy and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Main
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andri Boguslavskyi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Howie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chien-Wen Kuo
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aileen Rankin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francis L Burton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Flagship Pioneering, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth S Campbell
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Michael J Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Fuller
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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