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Lin WY, Chung WY, Muallem S. The tether function of the anoctamins. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102875. [PMID: 38701708 PMCID: PMC11166512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The core functions of the anoctamins are Cl- channel activity and phosphatidylserine (and perhaps other lipids) scrambling. These functions have been extensively studied in various tissues and cells. However, another function of the anoctamins that is less recognized and minimally explored is as tethers at membrane contact sites. This short review aims to examine evidence supporting the localization of the anoctamins at membrane contact sites, their tether properties, and their functions as tethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yin Lin
- From the Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Woo Young Chung
- From the Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- From the Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Neubrand VE, Sepúlveda MR. New insights into the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in microglia. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1397-1398. [PMID: 38051865 PMCID: PMC10883516 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika E Neubrand
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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3
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Pérez-Fuentes N, Alvariño R, Alfonso A, González-Jartín J, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Enniatins A1 and B1 Modulate Calcium Flux through Alternative Pathways beyond Mitochondria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38898562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Enniatins (ENNs) A1 and B1, previously considered ionophores, are emerging mycotoxins with effects on Ca2+ homeostasis. However, their exact mechanism of action remains unclear. This study investigated how these toxins affect Ca2+ flux in SH-SY5Y cells. ENN A1 induced Ca2+ influx through store-operated channels (SOC). The mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP reduced this influx, suggesting that the mitochondrial status influences the toxin effect. Conversely, ENN B1 did not affect SOC but acted on another Ca2+ channel, as shown when nickel, which directly blocks the Ca2+ channel pore, is added. Mitochondrial function also influenced the effects of ENN B1, as treatment with FCCP reduced toxin-induced Ca2+ depletion and uptake. In addition, both ENNs altered mitochondrial function by producing the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This study describes for the first time that ENN A1 and B1 are not Ca2+ ionophores and suggests a different mechanism of action for each toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Pérez-Fuentes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Jartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Mercedes R Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, Spain
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Lénárt N, Cserép C, Császár E, Pósfai B, Dénes Á. Microglia-neuron-vascular interactions in ischemia. Glia 2024; 72:833-856. [PMID: 37964690 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a devastating condition that results in impaired blood flow in the brain leading to acute brain injury. As the most common form of stroke, occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a characteristic sequence of pathophysiological changes in the brain tissue. The mechanisms involved, and comorbidities that determine outcome after an ischemic event appear to be highly heterogeneous. On their own, the processes leading to neuronal injury in the absence of sufficient blood supply to meet the metabolic demand of the cells are complex and manifest at different temporal and spatial scales. While the contribution of non-neuronal cells to stroke pathophysiology is increasingly recognized, recent data show that microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system parenchyma, play previously unrecognized roles in basic physiological processes beyond their inflammatory functions, which markedly change during ischemic conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss some of the known microglia-neuron-vascular interactions assumed to contribute to the acute and delayed pathologies after cerebral ischemia. Because the mechanisms of neuronal injury have been extensively discussed in several excellent previous reviews, here we focus on some recently explored pathways that may directly or indirectly shape neuronal injury through microglia-related actions. These discoveries suggest that modulating gliovascular processes in different forms of stroke and other neurological disorders might have presently unexplored therapeutic potential in combination with neuroprotective and flow restoration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Császár
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Parys JB, Lemos FO. The interplay between associated proteins, redox state and Ca 2+ in the intraluminal ER compartment regulates the IP 3 receptor. Cell Calcium 2024; 117:102823. [PMID: 37976974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
There have been in the last three decades repeated publications indicating that the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is regulated not only by cytosolic Ca2+ but also by intraluminal Ca2+. Although most studies indicated that a decreasing intraluminal Ca2+ level led to an inhibition of the IP3R, a number of publications reported exactly the opposite effect, i.e. an inhibition of the IP3R by high intraluminal Ca2+ levels. Although intraluminal Ca2+-binding sites on the IP3Rs were reported, a regulatory role for them was not demonstrated. It is also well known that the IP3R is regulated by a vast array of associated proteins, but only relatively recently proteins were identified that can be linked to the regulation of the IP3R by intraluminal Ca2+. The first to be reported was annexin A1 that is proposed to associate with the second intraluminal loop of the IP3R at high intraluminal Ca2+ levels and to inhibit the IP3R. More recently, ERdj5/PDIA19 reductase was described to reduce an intraluminal disulfide bridge of IP3R1 only at low intraluminal Ca2+ levels and thereby to inhibit the IP3R. Annexin A1 and ERdj5/PDIA19 can therefore explain most of the experimental results on the regulation of the IP3R by intraluminal Ca2+. Further studies are needed to provide a fuller understanding of the regulation of the IP3R from the intraluminal side. These findings underscore the importance of the state of the endoplasmic reticulum in the control of IP3R activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - Box 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - Box 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Gao X, Keller KR, Bonzerato CG, Li P, Laemmerhofer M, Wojcikiewicz RJH. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitor TAK-243 has major effects on calcium handling in mammalian cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119618. [PMID: 37907195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is a major route for protein degradation and a key regulatory mechanism in mammalian cells. UPP inhibitors, including TAK-243, a first-in-class inhibitor of the E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, are currently being used and tested for treatment of a range of diseases, particularly cancer. Here, we reveal that TAK-243 has major effects on Ca2+ handling in a range of cultured mammalian cells (αT3, HeLa and SH-SY5Y). Effects were seen on agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization, basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels, Ca2+ leak from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), store-operated Ca2+ entry and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. These effects correlated with induction of ER stress, as measured by PERK activation / eIF2α phosphorylation, and most seemed to be underpinned by enhanced Ca2+ leak from the ER. Overall, these data indicate that TAK-243 reprograms the Ca2+-handling properties of mammalian cells and that these effects should be considered when UPP inhibitors are employed as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Katherine R Keller
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Caden G Bonzerato
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Michael Laemmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
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Parys JB, Bultynck G. Modalities of cell death, survival and adaptation: The role of the Ca 2+-signaling toolkit. Cell Calcium 2023; 115:102795. [PMID: 37666094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - Box 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1 - Box 802, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Lemos FO, de Ridder I, Bootman MD, Bultynck G, Parys JB. The Complex Effects of PKM2 and PKM2:IP 3R Disruption on Intracellular Ca 2+ Handling and Cellular Functions. Cells 2023; 12:2527. [PMID: 37947604 PMCID: PMC10647343 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M (PKM) 2 was described to interact with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) and suppress its activity. To further investigate the physiological importance of the PKM2:IP3R interaction, we developed and characterized HeLa PKM2 knockout (KO) cells. In the HeLa PKM2 KO cells, the release of Ca2+ to the cytosol appears to be more sensitive to low agonist concentrations than in HeLa wild-type (WT) cells. However, upon an identical IP3-induced Ca2+ release, Ca2+ uptake in the mitochondria is decreased in HeLa PKM2 KO cells, which may be explained by the smaller number of contact sites between the ER and the mitochondria. Furthermore, in HeLa PKM2 KO cells, mitochondria are more numerous, though they are smaller and less branched and have a hyperpolarized membrane potential. TAT-D5SD, a cell-permeable peptide representing a sequence derived from IP3R1 that can disrupt the PKM2:IP3R interaction, induces Ca2+ release into the cytosol and Ca2+ uptake into mitochondria in both HeLa WT and PKM2 KO cells. Moreover, TAT-D5SD induced apoptosis in HeLa WT and PKM2 KO cells but not in HeLa cells completely devoid of IP3Rs. These results indicate that PKM2 separately regulates cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and that the cytotoxic effect of TAT-D5SD depends on IP3R activity but not on PKM2. However, the tyrosine kinase Lck, which also interacts with the D5SD sequence, is expressed neither in HeLa WT nor PKM2 KO cells, and we can also exclude a role for PKM1, which is upregulated in HeLa PKM2 KO cells, indicating that the TAT-D5SD peptide has a more complex mode of action than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O. Lemos
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI—B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.d.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Ian de Ridder
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI—B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.d.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Martin D. Bootman
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI—B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.d.R.); (G.B.)
| | - Jan B. Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI—B802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (I.d.R.); (G.B.)
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9
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Groenendyk J, Michalak M. Interplay between calcium and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102753. [PMID: 37209448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is crucial for the healthy functioning of the organism. Disruption of cellular homeostasis activates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress coping responses including the unfolded protein response (UPR). There are three ER resident stress sensors responsible for UPR activation - IRE1α, PERK and ATF6. Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in stress responses including the UPR and the ER is the main Ca2+ storage organelle and a source of Ca2+ for cell signaling. The ER contains many proteins involved in Ca2+ import/export/ storage, Ca2+ movement between different cellular organelles and ER Ca2+ stores refilling. Here we focus on selected aspects of ER Ca2+ homeostasis and its role in activation of the ER stress coping responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Groenendyk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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