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Dhami MV, Ogbo FA, Akombi-Inyang BJ, Torome R, Agho KE. Understanding the Enablers and Barriers to Appropriate Infants and Young Child Feeding Practices in India: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:825. [PMID: 33801545 PMCID: PMC7998710 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to promote infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, there is no collective review of evidence on IYCF enablers and barriers in India. This review was conducted using 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Six computerized bibliographic databases, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE, were searched for published studies on factors associated with IYCF practices in India from 1 January 1993, to 30 April 2020. IYCF practices examined were early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding at one year, introduction to solid semi-solid or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet, continued breastfeeding at two years, predominant breastfeeding, and bottle feeding. In total, 6968 articles were retrieved, and 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. The common enablers of IYCF were higher maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and more frequent antenatal care visits (ANC) (≥3). Common barriers to IYCF practices were low SES and less frequent ANC. The review showed that the factors associated with IYCF practices in India are largely modifiable and multi-factorial. Improving IYCF practices would require the adoption of both facilities- and community-based policy interventions at the subnational and national levels in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Vijaybhai Dhami
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia; (F.A.O.); (K.E.A.)
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia; (F.A.O.); (K.E.A.)
- Barmera Medical Clinic (Lake Bonney Private Medical Clinic), Barmera, SA 5345, Australia;
| | - Blessing Jaka Akombi-Inyang
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
| | - Raphael Torome
- Barmera Medical Clinic (Lake Bonney Private Medical Clinic), Barmera, SA 5345, Australia;
| | - Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia; (F.A.O.); (K.E.A.)
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
- African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Dhami MV, Ogbo FA, Diallo TM, Agho KE. Regional Analysis of Associations between Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices and Diarrhoea in Indian Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4740. [PMID: 32630337 PMCID: PMC7370018 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the association between infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and diarrhoea across regional India are limited. Hence, we examined the association between IYCF practices and diarrhoea in regional India. A weighted sample of 90,596 (North = 11,200, South = 16,469, East = 23,317, West = 11,512, Central = 24,870 and North-East = 3228) from the 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey in India was examined, using multivariate logistic regressions that adjust for clustering and sampling weights. The IYCF indicators included early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding (ExcBF), predominant breastfeeding (PBF), bottle feeding (BotF), continued breastfeeding (BF) at one-year, continued BF at two years, children ever breastfed and the introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft foods (ISSSF). Diarrhoea prevalence was lower among infants who were BF within one-hour of birth and those who were exclusively breastfed. Multivariate analyses revealed that continued BF at one and two years, and infants who were introduced to complementary foods had a higher prevalence of diarrhoea. EIBF and ExcBF were protective against diarrhoea in the regions of North, East and Central India. PBF, BotF and ISSSF were risk factors for diarrhoea in Central India. Continued BF at two years was a risk factor for diarrhoea in Western India. Findings suggested that EIBF and ExcBF were protective against diarrhoea in Northern, Eastern and Central India, while PBF, BotF, continued BF at two years and ISSSF were risk factors for diarrhoea in various regions in India. Improvements in IYCF practices are likely to reduce the burden of diarrhoea-related morbidity and mortality across regions in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Vijaybhai Dhami
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia; (F.A.O.); (K.E.A.)
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia; (F.A.O.); (K.E.A.)
- General Practice Unit, Prescot Specialist Medical Centre, Welfare Quarters, Makurdi, Benue State 972261, Nigeria
| | - Thierno M.O. Diallo
- School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith Campus, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia;
- Statistiques & M. N., Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2Z4, Canada
| | - Kingsley E. Agho
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia; (F.A.O.); (K.E.A.)
- African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown Campus, Penrith, NSW 2571, Australia
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Randhawa A, Chaudhary N, Gill BS, Singh A, Garg V, Balgir RS. A population-based cross-sectional study to determine the practices of breastfeeding among the lactating mothers of Patiala city. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3207-3213. [PMID: 31742143 PMCID: PMC6857412 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_549_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study was undertaken to study the breastfeeding practices and the influence of literacy and prevailing cultural factors on different aspects of breastfeeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Badungar, a semi-urban area in Patiala city including a total of 370 mothers. Mothers were interviewed using pre-formed, semi-structured Performa. The participant's demographic information, awareness and practices regarding breastfeeding were recorded by paying house to house visits. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 21. RESULTS Only 27.30% of the mothers knew that breastfeeding should be initiated within 1 hour of birth. A total of 51.62% mothers considered prelacteal feed to be the right practice while 55.95% considered colostrum bad for the baby. Only 53.78% of the lactating mothers knew the correct meaning of exclusive breastfeeding. Only 24.86% mothers started breastfeeding within an hour after birth. Colostrum was not given by 57.29% of the lactating mothers while Prelacteal feeds were given by 50.81% mothers. Exclusive breastfeeding till 6 months was given by 45.67% mothers. A significant association was observed in high mother's education, high socio-economic status, nuclear status of family, history of antenatal care registration, and hospital delivery with exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Study concluded that breastfeeding practices were not optimum; hence promotion of knowledge regarding the right practices of breastfeeding and focus on the factors affecting them is highly warranted in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet Randhawa
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Bihar, India
| | - Neha Chaudhary
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - B. S. Gill
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Civil Hospital, Nabha, Punjab, India
| | - Amarjit Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Bihar, India
| | - Vibhor Garg
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Bihar, India
| | - R. S. Balgir
- Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Bihar, India
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Srivastava NM, Awasthi S. Breastfeeding pattern and the risk of neonatal illnesses among urban poor in Lucknow, Northern India: A prospective follow-up study. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Sudhinaraset M, Treleaven E, Melo J, Singh K, Diamond-Smith N. Women's status and experiences of mistreatment during childbirth in Uttar Pradesh: a mixed methods study using cultural health capital theory. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:332. [PMID: 27793115 PMCID: PMC5084395 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-016-1124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mistreatment of women in healthcare settings during childbirth has been gaining attention globally. Mistreatment during childbirth directly and indirectly affects health outcomes, patient satisfaction, and the likelihood of delivering in a facility currently or in the future. It is important that we study patients’ reports of mistreatment and abuse to develop a deeper understanding of how it is perpetrated, its consequences, and to identify potential points of intervention. Patients’ perception of the quality of care is dependent, not only on the content of care, but importantly, on women’s expectations of care. Methods This study uses rich, mixed-methods data to explore women’s characteristics and experiences of mistreatment during childbirth among slum-resident women in Uttar Pradesh, India. To understand the ways in which women’s social and cultural factors influence their expectations of care and consequently their perceptions of respectful care, we adopt a Cultural Health Capital (CHC) framework. The quantitative sample includes 392 women, and the qualitative sample includes 26 women. Results Quantitative results suggest high levels of mistreatment (over 57 % of women reported any form of mistreatment). Qualitative findings suggest that lack of cultural health capital disadvantages patients in their patient-provider relationships, and that women use resources to improve care they receive. Participants articulated how providers set expectations and norms regarding behaviors in facilities; patients with lower social standing may not always understand standard practices and are likely to suffer poor health outcomes as a result. Of importance, however, patients also blame themselves for their own lack of knowledge. Conclusions Lack of cultural health capital disadvantages women during delivery care in India. Providers set expectations and norms around behaviors during delivery, while women are often misinformed and may have low expectations of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Sudhinaraset
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. 550 16th Street, Box 1224, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Emily Treleaven
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. 3333 California St., San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jason Melo
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego. 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kanksha Singh
- Foundation for Research in Health Systems, 214, Sydicate House, Inderlok, Delhi, India
| | - Nadia Diamond-Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco. 550 16th Street, Box 1224, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Paul VK. Editorial. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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