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Patel B, Unadkat S, Patel H, Rathod M. Dietary Practices Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Visiting a Non-communicable Disease (NCD) Clinic in a District of Western India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e52604. [PMID: 38374862 PMCID: PMC10875394 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is becoming a major public health problem in the country. One of the most important lifestyle modifications necessary for diabetic patients is maintaining healthy dietary choices. These modifications in dietary practices are supposed to be followed lifelong, along with medication, for better glycemic control. Despite understanding the importance of dietary control and physical activity in the management of diabetes, adherence to these practices is poor. This study aimed to assess the dietary practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and various factors that determine adherence to these healthy dietary practices. The secondary objective was to find the perceptions of participants about the role of diet in controlling diabetes and to find the perception-practice gap among study participants. METHODOLOGY It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among 450 T2DM patients visiting the non-communicable disease (NCD) clinics of tertiary care hospitals and community health centres (CHCs) of the study district. Dietary practice was assessed using a modified UK Diabetes and Diet Questionnaire (UKDDQ), considering the food patterns in the study area. Statistical tests like chi-square and ordinal logistic regression were applied using Jamovi software for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The healthiest food choices were abstinence from alcohol consumption (100%), avoiding processed meat (92.21%), high-fibre breakfast (70.4%), and daily consumption of vegetables (68.2%). Improper dietary practices were regular sugary drinks (38%) and high-glycemic-index food items (22.4%). The mean (SD) of the composite score was 68.02 (8.7) and the median score (interquartile range (IQR)) was 69 (60-76). Tertile analysis of the composite score revealed that with the increase in age, patients were less likely to be in the intermediate or upper tertile score (β = -0.0219, p = 0.016). Being female (odds ratio (OR) =0.603, CI: 0.395-0.917, p = 0.019) and living in a three-generation family made the patients less likely to be in the upper tertile score. CONCLUSION Nearly half of the participants had an overall healthy score. Dietary practices were healthy among the participants of lower ages, males, and those living in nuclear and joint families. The highest perception-practice gap was seen for fruit and rice consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Patel
- Community Medicine, Swaminarayan Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Kalol, IND
| | - Sumit Unadkat
- Community Medicine, Shri M. P. Shah Government Medical College, Jamnagar, IND
| | - Harsh Patel
- Community Medicine, SAL Institute of Medical Sciences, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Mittal Rathod
- Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, Jammu, Jammu, IND
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E B, K K, C M, Tsochev K, González-Gil EM, S R, J K, K W, G C, I R, S L, Tankova T, Iotova V, Moreno LA, K M, Y M, C T. Association of diet quality with glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin resistance in families at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe: Feel4 Diabetes Study. Nutrition 2023; 105:111805. [PMID: 36335874 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of diet quality with fasting glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin resistance in a cross-sectional sample of adults from families at high risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) from six European countries, taking into account their socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS Baseline data from non-diabetic adults from the Feel4 Diabetes study were used and diet was assessed by the Healthy Diet Score (HDS). Insulin resistance (IR) was determined by homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were assessed through standardized questionnaires. Multiple linear regressions were adjusted for many confounders, in the total sample and by SES category. RESULTS In 1980 adults, the third tertile of diet quality was inversely associated with insulin levels (-1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.34 to 0.62), and HOMA-IR (-0.33; 95% CI, -0.57 to 0.09), yet with no statistically significant results for glucose levels. In the SES subgroup analysis, in the high SES group, both second and third diet score tertiles were inversely associated with insulin levels (-1.81; 95% CI, -2.66 to 0.95) and HOMA-IR values (-0.45; 95% CI -0.69 to 0.21), independent of age, sex, smoking and body mass index. No such associations were observed for glucose levels in the high SES group and for all indices in the low SES group. CONCLUSION In adults from families at high risk for T2DM, higher diet quality was negatively associated with fasting insulin levels and IR, only in the high SES group and not in the low SES group. Future larger studies may be able to explore further this association, as well as the potential factors that mitigate its strength in the low SES groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botsi E
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
| | - Karatzi K
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mavrogianni C
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Kaloyan Tsochev
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Science (EUCS), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Radó S
- Faculty of Health Doctoral School of Health Science, University of Debrecen
| | - Kivelä J
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wikström K
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cardon G
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Rurik I
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen
| | - Liatis S
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Tsvetalina Tankova
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, School of Health Science (EUCS), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Makrillakis K
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Manios Y
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece (Agro-Health)
| | - Tsigos C
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
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Paudel G, Vandelanotte C, Dahal PK, Biswas T, Yadav UN, Sugishita T, Rawal L. Self-care behaviours among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04056. [PMID: 35916498 PMCID: PMC9346342 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in South Asian countries is increasing rapidly. Self-care behaviour plays a vital role in managing T2DM and preventing complications. Research on self-care behaviours among people with T2DM has been widely conducted in South Asian countries, but there are no systematic reviews that assess self-care behaviour among people with T2DM in South Asia. This study systematically assessed the studies reporting self-care behaviours among people with T2DM in South-Asia. Methods Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, we searched six bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and PsychInfo) to identify the relevant articles published between January 2000 through March 2022. Eligibility criteria included all observational and cross-sectional studies reporting on the prevalence of self-care behaviours (ie, diet, physical activity, medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care) conducted in South Asian countries among people with T2DM. Results The database search returned 1567 articles. After deduplication (n = 758) and review of full-text articles (n = 192), 92 studies met inclusion criteria and were included. Forward and backward reference checks were performed on included studies, which resulted in an additional 18 articles. The pooled prevalence of adherence to blood glucose monitoring was 65% (95% CI = 49-80); 64% for medication adherence (95% CI = 53-74); 53% for physical activity (95% CI = 39-66); 48% for diet (95% CI = 38-58); 42% for foot care (95% CI = 30-54). About a quarter of people with T2DM consumed alcohol (25.2%, IQR = 13.8%-38.1%) and were using tobacco products (18.6%, IQR = 10.6%-23.8%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the prevalence of self-care behaviours among people with T2DM in South Asia is low. This shows an urgent need to thoroughly investigate the barriers to the practising of self-care and design and implement interventions to improve diabetes self-care behaviour among people with T2DM in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grish Paudel
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Appleton Institute, Physical Activity Research Group, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Padam K Dahal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tuhin Biswas
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Uday N Yadav
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tomohiko Sugishita
- Section of Global Health, Division of Public Health, Department of Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lal Rawal
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, Australia.,Appleton Institute, Physical Activity Research Group, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney Australia
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