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Han Y, Dong Q, Liu T, Chen X, Yu C, Zhang Y. The novel mechanism of Med12-mediated drug resistance in a TGFBR2-independent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:1-7. [PMID: 35461070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inevitable emergence of drug resistance is the biggest hurdle to both chemotherapies and targeted therapies. Understanding the resistance mechanisms will contribute to identification of biomarkers for predicting response to therapy and design new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in human cancers. The type II transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor gene (TGFBR2) is frequently frameshift mutated in several cancer types, especially in colorectal, endometrium and gastric cancers cells. Here, we found that Med12, a component of the transcriptional mediator complex, plays a role in modulating chemosensitivity in TGFBR2 deficient cancer cells. Loss of Med12 leads to chemoresistance in multiple TGFBR2 deficient cancer cells. Interestingly, RNA sequencing data revealed that interferon IFN-related DNA damage resistance signature (IRDS) is upregulated in Med12 knockdown cancer cells. And the expression of IRDS pattern is negatively correlated with chemosensitivity. Therefore, our study identifies a novel mechanism of Med12-mediated drug resistance, which is a TGFBR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Han
- The CAS_Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Qian Dong
- Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- The CAS_Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; Central Research Institute, Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- The CAS_Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chunhong Yu
- The CAS_Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- The CAS_Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Hutchinson AP, Yin P, Neale I, Coon JS, Kujawa SA, Liu S, Bulun SE. Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase-2 in Uterine Leiomyoma: Dysregulation by MED12 Mutation Status. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:743-749. [PMID: 35064560 PMCID: PMC8863695 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) are common benign tumors in women. The tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway plays important roles in tumorigenesis in general. Leiomyomas expressing mutated mediator complex subunit 12 (mut-MED12) were reported to contain significantly decreased tryptophan levels; the underlying mechanism and the role of the tryptophan metabolism-kynurenine pathway in leiomyoma tumorigenesis, however, remain unknown. We here assessed the expression and regulation of the key enzymes that metabolize tryptophan. Among these, the tissue mRNA levels of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), the rate limiting enzyme of tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway, was 36-fold higher in mut-MED12 compared to adjacent myometrium (P < 0.0001), and 14-fold higher compared to wild type (wt)-MED12 leiomyoma (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of other tryptophan metabolizing enzymes, IDO1 and IDO2, were low and not significantly different, suggesting that TDO2 is the key enzyme responsible for reduced tryptophan levels in mut-MED12 leiomyoma. R5020 and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), two progesterone agonists, regulated TDO2 gene expression in primary myometrial and leiomyoma cells expressing wt-MED12; however, this effect was absent or blunted in leiomyoma cells expressing G44D mut-MED12. These data suggest that MED12 mutation may alter progesterone-mediated TDO2 expression in leiomyoma, leading to lower levels of tryptophan in mut-MED12 leiomyoma. This highlights that fibroids can vary widely in their response to progesterone as a result of mutation status and provides some insight for understanding the effect of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway on leiomyoma tumorigenesis and identifying targeted interventions for fibroids based on their distinct molecular signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Hutchinson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street , Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street , Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ilona Neale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street , Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - John S Coon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street , Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Stacy A Kujawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street , Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shimeng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street , Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Prentice Women's Hospital, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street , Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Xiao MZX, Hennessey D, Iyer A, O'Keefe S, Zhang F, Sivanand A, Gniadecki R. Transcriptomic Changes During Stage Progression of Mycosis Fungoides. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:520-531. [PMID: 34528236 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common cutaneous T cell lymphoma, which in the early patch/plaque stages runs an indolent course. However, ~25% of MF patients develop skin tumors, a hallmark of progression to the advanced stage and is associated with high mortality. The mechanisms involved in stage progression are poorly elucidated. METHODS We performed whole-transcriptome and whole-exome sequencing of malignant MF cells from skin biopsies obtained by laser-capture microdissection. We compared three types of MF lesions: early-stage plaques (ESP, n=12) as well as plaques and tumors from patients in late-stage disease (late-stage plaques [LSP], n=10, and tumors [TMR], n=15). Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis were used to determine pathway changes specific for different lesions which were linked to the recurrent somatic mutations overrepresented in MF tumors. RESULTS The key upregulated pathways during stage progression were those related to cell proliferation and survival (MEK/ERK, Akt-mTOR), Th2/Th9 signaling (IL4, STAT3, STAT5, STAT6), meiomitosis (CT45A1, CT45A3, STAG3, GTSF1, REC8) and DNA repair (PARP1, MYCN, OGG1). Principal coordinate clustering of the transcriptome revealed extensive gene expression differences between early (ESP) and advanced-stage lesions (LSP and TMR). LSP and TMR showed remarkable similarities at the level of the transcriptome, which we interpreted as evidence of cell percolation between lesions via hematogenous self-seeding. CONCLUSION Stage progression in MF is associated with Th2/Th9 polarization of malignant cells, activation of proliferation, survival, as well as increased genomic instability. Global transcriptomic changes in multiple lesions may be caused by hematogenous cell percolation between discrete skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z X Xiao
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - D Hennessey
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Iyer
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S O'Keefe
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - F Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - A Sivanand
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Gniadecki
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Walavalkar K, Notani D. Beyond the coding genome: non-coding mutations and cancer. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2020; 25:1828-1838. [PMID: 32472759 DOI: 10.2741/4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Latest advancements in genomics involving individuals from different races and geographical locations has led to the identification of thousands of common as well as rare genetic variants and copy number variations (CNVs). These studies have surprisingly revealed that the majority of genetic variation is not present within the coding region but rather in the non-coding region of the genome, which is also termed as "Medical Genome". This short review describes how mutations/variations within; regulatory sequences, architectural proteins and transcriptional regulators give rise to the aberrant gene expression profiles that drives cellular transformations and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivalya Walavalkar
- Department of Cellular Organization and Signaling, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Dimple Notani
- Department of Cellular Organization and Signaling, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India,
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Ciebiera M, Włodarczyk M, Wrzosek M, Męczekalski B, Nowicka G, Łukaszuk K, Ciebiera M, Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak A, Jakiel G. Role of Transforming Growth Factor β in Uterine Fibroid Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112435. [PMID: 29149020 PMCID: PMC5713402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are benign tumors of the female genital tract made of the smooth muscle of the uterus. UF growth depends mostly on the influence of the steroid hormones and selected growth factors. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-βs) is a polypeptide that consists of three isoforms: TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3. At present, TGF-β is considered to be one of the key factors in the pathophysiology of UFs. It plays a major role in cellular migration within the tumor, stimulates tumor growth, and enhances tumor metabolism. As a consequence of various dependencies, the synthesis and release of TGF-β in a UF tumor is increased, which results in excessive extracellular matrix production and storage. High concentrations or overexpression of TGF-β mediators may be responsible for clinically symptomatic UFs. The aim of this review was to check the available evidence for the influence of the TGF-β family on UF biology. We conducted their search in PubMed of the National Library of Medicine with the use of the following selected keywords: “uterine fibroid”, “leiomyoma”, and “transforming growth factor β”. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, more than 115 full articles were evaluated. We focused on the TGF-β-related molecular aspects and their influence on the most common symptoms that are associated with UFs. Also, we described how the available data might implicate the current medical management of UFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ciebiera
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Błażej Męczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-513 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Łukaszuk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland.
- INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Ciebiera
- Students' Scientific Association at the I Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Jakiel
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland.
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Endocrinology of uterine fibroids: steroid hormones, stem cells, and genetic contribution. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2016; 27:276-83. [PMID: 26107781 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Uterine fibroids are extremely common, and can cause significant morbidity, yet the exact cause of these tumors remains elusive and there are currently no long-term treatments available. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of steroid hormones, genetic abnormalities, and stem cells in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids. RECENT FINDINGS A universal feature of fibroids is responsiveness to estrogen and progesterone, and most of the currently available therapies exploit this characteristic. Ulipristal acetate has recently shown particular promise for providing long-term relief from uterine fibroids. Additionally, fibroid stem cells were isolated and appear to be necessary for growth. The recent discovery of somatic mutations involving mediator subunit complex 12 (MED12) or high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in the majority of fibroids and the links to their pathophysiology were also significant advances. SUMMARY The recent shift in focus from hormones to fibroid stem cells and genetic aberrations should lead not only to a deeper understanding of the specific cause of fibroids, but also to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. Targeting the products of genetic mutations or fibroid stem cells has the potential to achieve both better control of current tumors and the prevention of new fibroids.
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Sadeghi S, Khorrami M, Amin-Beidokhti M, Abbasi M, Kamalian Z, Irani S, Omrani M, Azmoodeh O, Mirfakhraie R. The study of MED12 gene mutations in uterine leiomyomas from Iranian patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1567-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Gao S, Yang C, Jiang S, Xu XN, Lu X, He YW, Cheung A, Wang H. Applications of RNA interference high-throughput screening technology in cancer biology and virology. Protein Cell 2014; 5:805-15. [PMID: 24952721 PMCID: PMC4225462 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-014-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient intra-cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression and cell function. Large-scale gene silencing using RNAi high-throughput screening (HTS) has opened an exciting frontier to systematically study gene function in mammalian cells. This approach enables researchers to identify gene function in a given biological context and will provide considerable novel insight. Here, we review RNAi HTS strategies and applications using case studies in cancer biology and virology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Gao
- Department of Oncology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK,
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Karmon AE, Cardozo ER, Rueda BR, Styer AK. MicroRNAs in the development and pathobiology of uterine leiomyomata: does evidence support future strategies for clinical intervention? Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:670-87. [PMID: 24706045 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leiomyomata (fibroids) are benign tumors of the uterus, represent the most common neoplasms of reproductive-aged women and have a prevalence of ∼70% in the general population. This disorder conveys a significant degree of morbidity and remains the leading indication for hysterectomy in the USA. Prior investigations of aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression in various malignancies have provided invaluable insight into the role of this class of small non-coding RNAs in tumor growth. Evidence of irregular miRNA expression in uterine fibroids has garnered recent interest for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Since miRNA gene targets modulate several processes implicated in the genesis of uterine fibroids, more focused investigation has the potential to elucidate the functional significance of miRNA in the genesis and pathology of the disease. METHODS Comprehensive electronic searches of peer reviewed published literature in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) were performed for content related to the biologic functions of miRNA, the roles of miRNA in human disease and studies investigating miRNA in the context of uterine leiomyomata. Herein, this article will review the current evidence supporting the use of miRNA expression profiling as an investigative tool to assess the pathobiology of uterine fibroids and will discuss potential future applications of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. RESULTS Mounting evidence supports a functional role for miRNA as either indirect or direct regulators of gene expression which impacts the pathobiology of uterine fibroids. Specifically, miRNAs let-7, 200a, 200c, 93, 106b and 21 have been implicated in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix turnover, angiogenesis and inflammation. Preliminary data provide evidence to suggest that respective in vitro miRNA expression in leiomyomata and myometrium is regulated by sex steroids. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the identification of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in uterine leiomyomata and accumulating data derived from mining of gene target prediction models and recent functional studies support the concept that miRNAs might impact the genesis and progression of disease. However, the specific biologic functions of differential miRNA expression have yet to be confirmed in vivo. Further functional studies and developing miRNA technology may provide the basis for future applications of miRNAs in clinical medicine as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatte E Karmon
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eden R Cardozo
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron K Styer
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
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