1
|
Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nepal S, Maaß S, Grasso S, Cavallo FM, Bartel J, Becher D, Bathoorn E, van Dijl JM. Proteomic Charting of Imipenem Adaptive Responses in a Highly Carbapenem Resistant Clinical Enterobacter roggenkampii Isolate. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050501. [PMID: 33924830 PMCID: PMC8145422 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacter cloacae complex are increasingly implicated in difficult-to-treat nosocomial infections, as exemplified by a recently characterized highly carbapenem-resistant clinical Enterobacter roggenkampii isolate with sequence type (ST) 232. While mechanisms of carbapenem resistance are well-understood, little is known about the responses of highly drug-resistant bacteria to these antibiotics. Our present study was therefore aimed at charting the responses of the E. roggenkampii ST232 isolate to the carbapenem imipenem, using a ‘stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture’ approach for quantitative mass spectrometry. This unveiled diverse responses of E. roggenkampii ST232 to imipenem, especially altered levels of proteins for cell wall biogenesis, central carbon metabolism, respiration, iron–sulfur cluster synthesis, and metal homeostasis. These observations suggest a scenario where imipenem-challenged bacteria reduce metabolic activity to save resources otherwise used for cell wall biogenesis, and to limit formation of detrimental reactive oxygen species at the cytoplasmic membrane due to respiration and Fenton chemistry. We consider these observations important, because knowing the adaptive responses of a highly resistant bacterium of the E. cloacae complex to last-resort antibiotics, such as imipenem, provides a ‘sneak preview’ into the future development of antibiotic resistance in this emerging group of pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suruchi Nepal
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.N.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Sandra Maaß
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Stefano Grasso
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.N.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Francis M. Cavallo
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.N.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Jürgen Bartel
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (S.M.); (J.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Erik Bathoorn
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.N.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.N.); (S.G.); (F.M.C.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50-3615187
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
On-chip MIC by Combining Concentration Gradient Generator and Flanged Chamber Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11020207. [PMID: 32079258 PMCID: PMC7074598 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of antibiotic is an effective value to ascertain the agent and minimum dosage of inhibiting bacterial growth. However, current techniques to determine MIC are labor intensive and time-consuming, and require skilled operator and high initial concentration of bacteria. To simplify the operation and reduce the time of inhibition test, we developed a microfluidic system, containing a concentration generator and sub-micro-liter chambers, for rapid bacterial growth and inhibition test. To improve the mixing effect, a micropillar array in honeycomb-structure channels is designed, so the steady concentration gradient of amoxicillin can be generated. The flanged chambers are used to culture bacteria under the condition of continuous flow and the medium of chambers is refreshed constantly, which could supply the sufficient nutrient for bacteria growth and take away the metabolite. Based on the microfluidic platform, the bacterial growth with antibiotic inhibition on chip can be quantitatively measured and MIC can be obtained within six hours using low initial concentration of bacteria. Overall, this microfluidic platform has the potential to provide rapidness and effectiveness to screen bacteria and determine MIC of corresponding antibiotics in clinical therapies.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ribeiro-Santos TA, Milagre LE, de Castro MC, Henriques FF, Magalhães WF, Windmöller D, Lago RM, Teixeira AP, Araujo MH. Study of the interactions of the hazardous amoxicillin antibiotic inside the MCM-41/CTA hydrophobic cavities. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|