1
|
Wu M, Wang W, Mao X, Wu Y, Jin Y, Liu T, Lu Y, Dai H, Zeng S, Huang W, Wang Y, Yao X, Che J, Ying M, Dong X. Discovery of a potent CDKs/FLT3 PROTAC with enhanced differentiation and proliferation inhibition for AML. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116539. [PMID: 38878515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AML is an aggressive malignancy of immature myeloid progenitor cells. Discovering effective treatments for AML through cell differentiation and anti-proliferation remains a significant challenge. Building on previous studies on CDK2 PROTACs with differentiation-inducing properties, this research aims to enhance CDKs degradation through structural optimization to facilitate the differentiation and inhibit the proliferation of AML cells. Compound C3, featuring a 4-methylpiperidine ring linker, effectively degraded CDK2 with a DC50 value of 18.73 ± 10.78 nM, and stimulated 72.77 ± 3.51 % cell differentiation at 6.25 nM in HL-60 cells. Moreover, C3 exhibited potent anti-proliferative activity against various AML cell types. Degradation selectivity analysis indicated that C3 could be endowed with efficient degradation of CDK2/4/6/9 and FLT3, especially FLT3-ITD in MV4-11 cells. These findings propose that C3 combined targeting CDK2/4/6/9 and FLT3 with enhanced differentiation and proliferation inhibition, which holds promise as a potential treatment for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Wu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University, Cancer Center; Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children'sHospital, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xinfei Mao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University, Cancer Center; Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children'sHospital, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yiquan Wu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Shenxin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau, 999078, PR China
| | - Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Meidan Ying
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Zhejiang University, Cancer Center; Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children'sHospital, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glaviano A, Wander SA, Baird RD, Yap KCH, Lam HY, Toi M, Carbone D, Geoerger B, Serra V, Jones RH, Ngeow J, Toska E, Stebbing J, Crasta K, Finn RS, Diana P, Vuina K, de Bruin RAM, Surana U, Bardia A, Kumar AP. Mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer treatment. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 76:101103. [PMID: 38943828 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle dysregulation is a hallmark of cancer that promotes eccessive cell division. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) are key molecules in the G1-to-S phase cell cycle transition and are crucial for the onset, survival, and progression of breast cancer (BC). Small-molecule CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) block phosphorylation of tumor suppressor Rb and thus restrain susceptible BC cells in G1 phase. Three CDK4/6i are approved for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced/metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) BC in combination with endocrine therapy (ET). Though this has improved the clinical outcomes for survival of BC patients, there is no established standard next-line treatment to tackle drug resistance. Recent studies suggest that CDK4/6i can modulate other distinct effects in both BC and breast stromal compartments, which may provide new insights into aspects of their clinical activity. This review describes the biochemistry of the CDK4/6-Rb-E2F pathway in HR+ BC, then discusses how CDK4/6i can trigger other effects in BC/breast stromal compartments, and finally outlines the mechanisms of CDK4/6i resistance that have emerged in recent preclinical studies and clinical cohorts, emphasizing the impact of these findings on novel therapeutic opportunities in BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Glaviano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Seth A Wander
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Richard D Baird
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kenneth C-H Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Hiu Yan Lam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Masakazu Toi
- School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniela Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Inserm U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Violeta Serra
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert H Jones
- Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Nanyang Technological University, Experimental Medicine Building, 636921, Singapore; Cancer Genetics Service (CGS), National Cancer Centre Singapore, 168583, Singapore
| | - Eneda Toska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Stebbing
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Karen Crasta
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117593, Singapore; Healthy Longetivity Translational Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Richard S Finn
- Department of Oncology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Karla Vuina
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robertus A M de Bruin
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Uttam Surana
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; SiNOPSEE Therapeutics Pte Ltd, A⁎STARTCentral, 139955, Singapore
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weston WA, Holt JA, Wiecek AJ, Pilling J, Schiavone LH, Smith DM, Secrier M, Barr AR. An image-based screen for secreted proteins involved in breast cancer G0 cell cycle arrest. Sci Data 2024; 11:868. [PMID: 39127790 PMCID: PMC11316812 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins regulate the balance between cellular proliferation and G0 arrest and therefore play important roles in tumour dormancy. Tumour dormancy presents a significant clinical challenge for breast cancer patients, where non-proliferating, G0-arrested cancer cells remain at metastatic sites, below the level of clinical detection, some of which can re-enter proliferation and drive tumour relapse. Knowing which secreted proteins can regulate entry into and exit from G0 allows us to manipulate their signalling to prevent tumour relapse. To identify novel secreted proteins that can promote breast cancer G0 arrest, we performed a secretome-wide, image-based screen for proteins that increase the fraction of cells in G0 arrest. From a secretome library of 1282 purified proteins, we identified 29 candidates that promote G0 arrest in non-transformed and transformed breast epithelial cells. The assay we have developed can be adapted for use in other perturbation screens in other cell types. All datasets have been made available for re-analysis and our candidate proteins are presented for alternative bioinformatic refinement or further experimental follow up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Weston
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jordan A Holt
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Anna J Wiecek
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Pilling
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | | | - David M Smith
- Emerging Innovation Unit, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexis R Barr
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Venkadakrishnan VB, Presser AG, Singh R, Booker MA, Traphagen NA, Weng K, Voss NCE, Mahadevan NR, Mizuno K, Puca L, Idahor O, Ku SY, Bakht MK, Borah AA, Herbert ZT, Tolstorukov MY, Barbie DA, Rickman DS, Brown M, Beltran H. Lineage-specific canonical and non-canonical activity of EZH2 in advanced prostate cancer subtypes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6779. [PMID: 39117665 PMCID: PMC11310309 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase and emerging therapeutic target that is overexpressed in most castration-resistant prostate cancers and implicated as a driver of disease progression and resistance to hormonal therapies. Here we define the lineage-specific action and differential activity of EZH2 in both prostate adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) subtypes of advanced prostate cancer to better understand the role of EZH2 in modulating differentiation, lineage plasticity, and to identify mediators of response and resistance to EZH2 inhibitor therapy. Mechanistically, EZH2 modulates bivalent genes that results in upregulation of NEPC-associated transcriptional drivers (e.g., ASCL1) and neuronal gene programs in NEPC, and leads to forward differentiation after targeting EZH2 in NEPC. Subtype-specific downstream effects of EZH2 inhibition on cell cycle genes support the potential rationale for co-targeting cyclin/CDK to overcome resistance to EZH2 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varadha Balaji Venkadakrishnan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam G Presser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richa Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Booker
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole A Traphagen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenny Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Nathaniel C E Voss
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Belmont Hill School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Navin R Mahadevan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kei Mizuno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Loredana Puca
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Osasenaga Idahor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sheng-Yu Ku
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin K Bakht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ashir A Borah
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zachary T Herbert
- Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Y Tolstorukov
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Rickman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Knudsen ES, Witkiewicz AK, Rubin SM. Cancer takes many paths through G1/S. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:636-645. [PMID: 37953123 PMCID: PMC11082069 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
In the commonly accepted paradigm for control of the mammalian cell cycle, sequential cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and cyclin activities drive the orderly transition from G1 to S phase. However, recent studies using different technological approaches and examining a broad range of cancer cell types are challenging this established paradigm. An alternative model is evolving in which cell cycles utilize different drivers and take different trajectories through the G1/S transition. We are discovering that cancer cells in particular can adapt their drivers and trajectories, which has important implications for antiproliferative therapies. These studies have helped to refine an understanding of how CDK inhibition impinges on proliferation and have significance for understanding fundamental features of cell biology and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik S Knudsen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Agnieszka K Witkiewicz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Seth M Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mouery BL, Baker EM, Mei L, Wolff SC, Mills CA, Fleifel D, Mulugeta N, Herring LE, Cook JG. APC/C prevents a noncanonical order of cyclin/CDK activity to maintain CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced arrest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319574121. [PMID: 39024113 PMCID: PMC11287123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319574121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell cycle progression ensures homeostasis and prevents cancer. In proliferating cells, premature S phase entry is avoided by the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphasepromoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), although the APC/C substrates whose degradation restrains G1-S progression are not fully known. The APC/C is also active in arrested cells that exited the cell cycle, but it is not clear whether APC/C maintains all types of arrest. Here, by expressing the APC/C inhibitor, EMI1, we show that APC/C activity is essential to prevent S phase entry in cells arrested by pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibition (Palbociclib). Thus, active protein degradation is required for arrest alongside repressed cell cycle gene expression. The mechanism of rapid and robust arrest bypass from inhibiting APC/C involves CDKs acting in an atypical order to inactivate retinoblastoma-mediated E2F repression. Inactivating APC/C first causes mitotic cyclin B accumulation which then promotes cyclin A expression. We propose that cyclin A is the key substrate for maintaining arrest because APC/C-resistant cyclin A, but not cyclin B, is sufficient to induce S phase entry. Cells bypassing arrest from CDK4/6 inhibition initiate DNA replication with severely reduced origin licensing. The simultaneous accumulation of S phase licensing inhibitors, such as cyclin A and geminin, with G1 licensing activators disrupts the normal order of G1-S progression. As a result, DNA synthesis and cell proliferation are profoundly impaired. Our findings predict that cancers with elevated EMI1 expression will tend to escape CDK4/6 inhibition into a premature, underlicensed S phase and suffer enhanced genome instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L. Mouery
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Eliyambuya M. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10021
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Samuel C. Wolff
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Computational Medicine Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Christine A. Mills
- University of North Carolina Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Dalia Fleifel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Nebyou Mulugeta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Laura E. Herring
- University of North Carolina Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Zhao M, Li B, Geng X. Advances in the mechanism of emodin-induced hepatotoxicity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33631. [PMID: 39027614 PMCID: PMC11255441 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative and serves as an active component in various traditional Chinese herbal medicines. It is widely known for its broad pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. However, high doses and long-term use of emodin can also lead to liver toxicity. Nevertheless, the mechanism of emodin-induced liver toxicity remains unclear at present. This article aims to summarize the toxicological research progress on emodin, with a particular focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying emodin-induced hepatocyte injury. By providing essential information, the study intends to facilitate further research and safe usage of emodin for researchers and clinical practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, China
| | - Mengchao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, China
| | - Xingchao Geng
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zeng Y, Ren X, Jin P, Fan Z, Liu M, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhuo M, Wang J, Li Z, Wu M. Inhibitors and PROTACs of CDK2: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024:1-24. [PMID: 38994606 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2376655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abundant evidence suggests that the overexpression of CDK2-cyclin A/E complex disrupts normal cell cycle regulation, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells. Thus, CDK2 has become a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In recent years, insights into the structures of the CDK2 catalytic site and allosteric pockets have provided notable opportunities for developing more effective clinical candidates of CDK2 inhibitors. AREA COVERED This article reviews the latest CDK2 inhibitors that have entered clinical trials and discusses the design and discovery of the most promising new preclinical CDK2 inhibitors in recent years. Additionally, it summarizes the development of allosteric CDK2 inhibitors and CDK2-targeting PROTACs. The review encompasses strategies for inhibitor and PROTAC design, structure-activity relationships, as well as in vitro and in vivo biological assessments. EXPERT OPINION Despite considerable effort, no CDK2 inhibitor has yet received FDA approval for marketing due to poor selectivity and observed toxicity in clinical settings. Future research must prioritize the optimization of the selectivity, potency, and pharmacokinetics of CDK2 inhibitors and PROTACs. Moreover, exploring combination therapies incorporating CDK2 inhibitors with other targeted agents, or the design of multi-target inhibitors, presents significant promise for advancing cancer treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Zeng
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pengyao Jin
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhida Fan
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Yali Zhang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Linzhao Li
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Zhuo
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jubo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong L, Liu C, Sun H, Wang M, Sun M, Zheng J, Yu X, Shi R, Wang B, Zhou Q, Chen Z, Xing B, Wang Y, Yao X, Mei M, Ren Y, Zhou X. Targeting STAT3 potentiates CDK4/6 inhibitors therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216956. [PMID: 38735381 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Anti-CDK4/6 therapy has been employed for the treatment for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with CDK4/6 hyperactivation, but the response rate is relatively low. In this study, we first showed that CDK4 and CDK6 was over-expressed and conferred poor prognosis in HNSCC. Moreover, in RB-positive HNSCC, STAT3 signaling was activated induced by CDK4/6 inhibition and STAT3 promotes RB deficiency by upregulation of MYC. Thirdly, the combination of Stattic and CDK4/6 inhibitor results in striking anti-tumor effect in vitro and in Cal27 derived animal models. Additionally, phospho-STAT3 level negatively correlates with RB expression and predicts poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. Taken together, our findings suggest an unrecognized function of STAT3 confers to CDK4/6 inhibitors resistance and presenting a promising combination strategy for patients with HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yu
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Bofan Xing
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Mei Mei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Yu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China; Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Medicine on Head & Neck Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China; National Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang JD, Zhang YE, Qin F, Chen WN, Jiang WM, Fang Z, Liang XL, Zhang Q, Li J. Molecular docking and MD simulation studies of 4-thiazol-N-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as novel inhibitors targeted to CDK2/4/6. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:302. [PMID: 38856753 PMCID: PMC11164762 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nowadays, cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have been approved for treating metastatic breast cancer and have achieved inspiring curative effects. But some discoveries have indicated that CDK 4/6 are not the requisite factors in some cell types because CDK2 partly compensates for the inhibition of CDK4/6. Thus, it is urgent to design CDK2/4/6 inhibitors for significantly enhancing their potency. This study aims to explore the mechanism of the binding of CDK2/4/6 kinases and their inhibitors to design novel CDK2/4/6 inhibitors for significantly enhancing their potency in different kinds of cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of 72 disparately functionalized 4-substituted N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives exhibiting potent inhibitor activities against CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 were collected to apply to this research. The total set of these derivatives was divided into a training set (54 compounds) and a test set (18 compounds). The derivatives were constructed through the sketch molecule module in SYBYL 6.9 software. A Powell gradient algorithm and Tripos force field were used to calculate the minimal structural energy and the minimized structure was used as the initial conformation for molecular docking. By the means of 3D-QSAR models, partial least squares (PLS) analysis, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and binding free energy calculations, we can find the relationship between structure and biological activity. RESULTS In this study, we used molecular docking, 3D-QSAR and molecular dynamics simulation methods to comprehensively analyze the interaction and structure-activity relationships of 72 new CDK2/4/6 inhibitors. We used detailed statistical data to reasonably verify the constructed 3D-QSAR models for three receptors (q2 of CDK2 = 0.714, R2pred = 0.764, q2 = 0.815; R2pred of CDK4 = 0.681, q2 = 0.757; R2pred of CDK6 = 0.674). MD simulations and decomposition energy analysis validated the reasonability of the docking results and identified polar interactions as crucial factors that influence the different bioactivities of the studied inhibitors of CDK2/4/6 receptors, especially the electrostatic interactions of Lys33/35/43 and Asp145/158/163. The nonpolar interaction with Ile10/12/19 was also critical for the differing potencies of the CDK2/4/6 inhibitors. We concluded that the following probably enhanced the bioactivity against CDK2/4/6 kinases: (1) electronegative groups at the N1-position and electropositive and moderate-sized groups at ring E; (2) electrogroups featured at R2; (3) carbon atoms at the X-position or ring C replaced by a benzene ring; and (4) an electrogroup as R4. CONCLUSION Previous studies, to our knowledge, only utilized a single approach of 3D-QSAR and did not integrate this method with other sophisticated techniques such as molecular dynamics simulations to discover new potential inhibitors of CDK2, CDK4, or CDK6. So we applied the intergenerational technology, such as 3D-QSAR technology, molecular docking simulation techniques, molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA19/MMGBSA20-binding free energy calculations to statistically explore the correlations between the structure with biological activities. The constructed 3D-QSAR models of the three receptors were reasonable and confirmed by the excellent statistical data. We hope the results obtained from this work will provide some useful references for the development of novel CDK2/4/6 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Dong Liang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-E Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Jinan University, No. 30 Huayuan East Road, Jiangmen, 529000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Qin
- Department of Nursing, The Linyi Mental Health Center, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Na Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Mei Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Liang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang W, Liu Y, Jang H, Nussinov R. CDK2 and CDK4: Cell Cycle Functions Evolve Distinct, Catalysis-Competent Conformations, Offering Drug Targets. JACS AU 2024; 4:1911-1927. [PMID: 38818077 PMCID: PMC11134382 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), particularly CDK4 and CDK2, are crucial for cell cycle progression from the Gap 1 (G1) to the Synthesis (S) phase by phosphorylating targets such as the Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb). CDK4, paired with cyclin-D, operates in the long G1 phase, while CDK2 with cyclin-E, manages the brief G1-to-S transition, enabling DNA replication. Aberrant CDK signaling leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, which is a hallmark of cancer. Exactly how they accomplish their catalytic phosphorylation actions with distinct efficiencies poses the fundamental, albeit overlooked question. Here we combined available experimental data and modeling of the active complexes to establish their conformational functional landscapes to explain how the two cyclin/CDK complexes differentially populate their catalytically competent states for cell cycle progression. Our premise is that CDK catalytic efficiencies could be more important for cell cycle progression than the cyclin-CDK biochemical binding specificity and that efficiency is likely the prime determinant of cell cycle progression. We observe that CDK4 is more dynamic than CDK2 in the ATP binding site, the regulatory spine, and the interaction with its cyclin partner. The N-terminus of cyclin-D acts as an allosteric regulator of the activation loop and the ATP-binding site in CDK4. Integrated with a suite of experimental data, we suggest that the CDK4 complex is less capable of remaining in the active catalytically competent conformation, and may have a lower catalytic efficiency than CDK2, befitting their cell cycle time scales, and point to critical residues and motifs that drive their differences. Our mechanistic landscape may apply broadly to kinases, and we propose two drug design strategies: (i) allosteric Inhibition by conformational stabilization for targeting allosteric CDK4 regulation by cyclin-D, and (ii) dynamic entropy-optimized targeting which leverages the dynamic, entropic aspects of CDK4 to optimize drug binding efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Zhang
- Cancer
Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yonglan Liu
- Cancer
Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational
Structural Biology Section, Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational
Structural Biology Section, Frederick National
Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- Department
of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Westendorp B. A reverse brake for the cell cycle. Science 2024; 384:512-513. [PMID: 38696587 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitogenic signaling acts beyond S-phase entry to prevent whole-genome duplications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Westendorp
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division Cell Biology, Metabolism and Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meng F, Liu J, Cao Z, Yu J, Steurer B, Yang Y, Wang Y, Cai X, Zhang M, Ren F, Aliper A, Ding X, Zhavoronkov A. Discovery of macrocyclic CDK2/4/6 inhibitors with improved potency and DMPK properties through a highly efficient macrocyclic drug design platform. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107285. [PMID: 38547721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are critical cell cycle regulators that are often overexpressed in tumors, making them promising targets for anti-cancer therapies. Despite substantial advancements in optimizing the selectivity and drug-like properties of CDK inhibitors, safety of multi-target inhibitors remains a significant challenge. Macrocyclization is a promising drug discovery strategy to improve the pharmacological properties of existing compounds. Here we report the development of a macrocyclization platform that enabled the highly efficient discovery of a novel, macrocyclic CDK2/4/6 inhibitor from an acyclic precursor (NUV422). Using dihedral angle scan and structure-based, computer-aided drug design to select an optimal ring-closing site and linker length for the macrocycle, we identified compound 8 as a potent new CDK2/4/6 inhibitor with optimized cellular potency and safety profile compared to NUV422. Our platform leverages both experimentally-solved as well as generative chemistry-derived macrocyclic structures and can be deployed to streamline the design of macrocyclic new drugs from acyclic starting compounds, yielding macrocyclic compounds with enhanced potency and improved drug-like properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanye Meng
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhongying Cao
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Barbara Steurer
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Yilin Yang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Alex Aliper
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Ding
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China; Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd., Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong; Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi 145748, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gerosa R, De Sanctis R, Jacobs F, Benvenuti C, Gaudio M, Saltalamacchia G, Torrisi R, Masci G, Miggiano C, Agustoni F, Pedrazzoli P, Santoro A, Zambelli A. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors and others novel CDK inhibitors (CDKi) in breast cancer: clinical trials, current impact, and future directions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104324. [PMID: 38462150 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activation has been identified as a main resistance mechanism to CDK4/6 inhibition in hormone-receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer. Additionally, consistent preclinical evidence states its crucial role in MYC and CCNE1 overexpressed cancer survival, such as triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), thus representing an appealing and relatively unexplored target treatment opportunity. Despite emerging initial results of novel CDK2 inhibitors (CDK2i) activity, a comprehensive outcomes collection is currently absent from the scientific literature. We aim to provide an overview of ongoing clinical trials involving CDK2i in the context of metastatic breast cancer (mBC), either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents. The review extends beyond CDK2i to encompass novel emerging CDK4 inhibitors, combined CDK2/4/6 inhibitors, and the well-known pan-CDK inhibitors including those specifically directed at CDK2. Delving into the results, we critically appraise the observed clinical efficacy and offer valuable insights into their potential impact and future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Gerosa
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Rita De Sanctis
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Rozzano 20089, Italy.
| | - Flavia Jacobs
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Chiara Benvenuti
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Mariangela Gaudio
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saltalamacchia
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy
| | - Rosalba Torrisi
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masci
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy
| | - Chiara Miggiano
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Francesco Agustoni
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Milan, Pieve Emanuele 20090, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Humanitas Cancer Center, Via Manzoni 56, Milan, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Xie SS, Wang J, Sharvia S, Chan KY. SC-Track: a robust cell-tracking algorithm for generating accurate single-cell lineages from diverse cell segmentations. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae192. [PMID: 38704671 PMCID: PMC11070058 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational analysis of fluorescent timelapse microscopy images at the single-cell level is a powerful approach to study cellular changes that dictate important cell fate decisions. Core to this approach is the need to generate reliable cell segmentations and classifications necessary for accurate quantitative analysis. Deep learning-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as a promising solution to these challenges. However, current CNNs are prone to produce noisy cell segmentations and classifications, which is a significant barrier to constructing accurate single-cell lineages. To address this, we developed a novel algorithm called Single Cell Track (SC-Track), which employs a hierarchical probabilistic cache cascade model based on biological observations of cell division and movement dynamics. Our results show that SC-Track performs better than a panel of publicly available cell trackers on a diverse set of cell segmentation types. This cell-tracking performance was achieved without any parameter adjustments, making SC-Track an excellent generalized algorithm that can maintain robust cell-tracking performance in varying cell segmentation qualities, cell morphological appearances and imaging conditions. Furthermore, SC-Track is equipped with a cell class correction function to improve the accuracy of cell classifications in multiclass cell segmentation time series. These features together make SC-Track a robust cell-tracking algorithm that works well with noisy cell instance segmentation and classification predictions from CNNs to generate accurate single-cell lineages and classifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Centre for Cellular Biology and Signalling, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Shuang Xie
- Centre for Cellular Biology and Signalling, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Centre for Cellular Biology and Signalling, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, P. R. China
| | - Septavera Sharvia
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Kuan Yoow Chan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Centre for Cellular Biology and Signalling, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, P. R. China
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Venkadakrishnan VB, Presser AG, Singh R, Booker MA, Traphagen NA, Weng K, Voss NC, Mahadevan NR, Mizuno K, Puca L, Idahor O, Ku SY, Bakht MK, Borah AA, Herbert ZT, Tolstorukov MY, Barbie DA, Rickman DS, Brown M, Beltran H. Lineage-specific canonical and non-canonical activity of EZH2 in advanced prostate cancer subtypes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3935288. [PMID: 38405800 PMCID: PMC10889062 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3935288/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase and emerging therapeutic target that is overexpressed in most castration-resistant prostate cancers and implicated as a driver of disease progression and resistance to hormonal therapies. Here we define the lineage-specific action and differential activity of EZH2 in both prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) subtypes of advanced prostate cancer to better understand the role of EZH2 in modulating differentiation, lineage plasticity, and to identify mediators of response and resistance to EZH2 inhibitor therapy. Mechanistically, EZH2 modulates bivalent genes that results in upregulation of NEPC-associated transcriptional drivers (e.g., ASCL1) and neuronal gene programs, and leads to forward differentiation after targeting EZH2 in NEPC. Subtype-specific downstream effects of EZH2 inhibition on cell cycle genes support the potential rationale for co-targeting cyclin/CDK to overcome resistance to EZH2 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Loredana Puca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Watts LP, Spencer SL. A Highly Anticipated Selective Therapeutic Agent against CDK2: INX-315. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:386-388. [PMID: 38426558 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
SUMMARY In this issue, Dietrich, Trub, and colleagues describe and characterize a novel selective CDK2 inhibitor: INX-315. This agent shows promise in CCNE1-amplified cancers and in CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant breast cancers. See related article by Dietrich et al., p. 446 (8).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte P Watts
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Sabrina L Spencer
- Department of Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dietrich C, Trub A, Ahn A, Taylor M, Ambani K, Chan KT, Lu KH, Mahendra CA, Blyth C, Coulson R, Ramm S, Watt AC, Matsa SK, Bisi J, Strum J, Roberts P, Goel S. INX-315, a Selective CDK2 Inhibitor, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence in Solid Tumors. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:446-467. [PMID: 38047585 PMCID: PMC10905675 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is thought to play an important role in driving proliferation of certain cancers, including those harboring CCNE1 amplification and breast cancers that have acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i). The precise impact of pharmacologic inhibition of CDK2 is not known due to the lack of selective CDK2 inhibitors. Here we describe INX-315, a novel and potent CDK2 inhibitor with high selectivity over other CDK family members. Using cell-based assays, patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and transgenic mouse models, we show that INX-315 (i) promotes retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation and therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in CCNE1-amplified tumors, leading to durable control of tumor growth; (ii) overcomes breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6i, restoring cell cycle control while reinstating the chromatin architecture of CDK4/6i-induced TIS; and (iii) delays the onset of CDK4/6i resistance in breast cancer by driving deeper suppression of E2F targets. Our results support the clinical development of selective CDK2 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE INX-315 is a novel, selective inhibitor of CDK2. Our preclinical studies demonstrate activity for INX-315 in both CCNE1-amplified cancers and CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer. In each case, CDK2 inhibition induces cell cycle arrest and a phenotype resembling cellular senescence. Our data support the development of selective CDK2 inhibitors in clinical trials. See related commentary by Watts and Spencer, p. 386. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 384.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dietrich
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alec Trub
- Incyclix Bio, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Antonio Ahn
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Taylor
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Krutika Ambani
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Keefe T. Chan
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kun-Hui Lu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christabella A. Mahendra
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine Blyth
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Coulson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susanne Ramm
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - April C. Watt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - John Bisi
- Incyclix Bio, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jay Strum
- Incyclix Bio, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Shom Goel
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Z, Yang Y, Sun X, Ma R, Zhang W, Wang W, Yang G, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang Y, Tian J. Discovery of Novel Antitumor Small-Molecule Agent with Dual Action of CDK2/p-RB and MDM2/p53. Molecules 2024; 29:725. [PMID: 38338471 PMCID: PMC10856454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is located downstream of CDK4/6 in the cell cycle and regulates cell entry into S-phase by binding to Cyclin E and hyper-phosphorylating Rb. Proto-oncogene murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a key negative regulator of p53, which is highly expressed in tumors and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and progression. In this study, we identified a dual inhibitor of CDK2 and MDM2, III-13, which had good selectivity for inhibiting CDK2 activity and significantly reduced MDM2 expression. In vitro results showed that III-13 inhibited proliferation of a wide range of tumor cells, regardless of whether Cyclin E1 (CCNE1) was overexpressed or not. The results of in vivo experiments showed that III-13 significantly inhibited proliferation of tumor cells and did not affect body weight of mice. The results of the druggability evaluation showed that III-13 was characterized by low bioavailability and poor membrane permeability when orally administered, suggesting the necessity of further structural modifications. Therefore, this study provided a lead compound for antitumor drugs, especially those against CCNE1-amplified tumor proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yifei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Runchen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- R & D Center, Luye Pharma Group Ltd., Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Wenyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianzhao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yunjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingwei Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.S.); (R.M.); (W.W.); (G.Y.); (H.W.); (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang HW. Investigating Heterogeneous Cell-Cycle Progression Using Single-Cell Imaging Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2740:263-273. [PMID: 38393481 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3557-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Investigating cell-cycle progression has been challenging due to the complex interconnectivity of regulatory processes and inherent cell-to-cell heterogeneity, which often require synchronization procedures. However, recent advancements in cell-cycle sensors and single-cell imaging techniques have turned this heterogeneity into an advantage for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying diverse responses. This has led to significant progress in our understanding of cell-cycle regulation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive live single-cell imaging workflow that leverages cutting-edge live-cell sensors. These advanced single-cell imaging procedures provide promising opportunities for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinnings of heterogeneous responses in cell-cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Yang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Giordano A, Lin NU, Tolaney SM, Mayer EL. Is there a role for continuation of CDK4/6 inhibition after progression on a prior CDK4/6 inhibitor in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer? Ann Oncol 2024; 35:10-14. [PMID: 37952893 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Giordano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - N U Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - S M Tolaney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - E L Mayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Breast Oncology Program, Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Orsburn BC. An integrated method for single cell proteomics with simultaneous measurements of intracellular drug concentration implicates new mechanisms for adaptation to KRAS G12D inhibitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.18.567669. [PMID: 38014353 PMCID: PMC10680798 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.18.567669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that a population of single human cells will often respond to the same drug treatment in a heterogeneous manner. In the context of chemotherapeutics, these diverse responses may lead to individual adaptation mechanisms and ultimately multiple distinct methods of resistance. The obvious question from a pharmacology perspective is how intracellular concentrations of active drug varies between individual cells, and what role does that variation play in drug response heterogeneity? To date, no integrated methods for rapidly measuring intracellular drug levels while simultaneously measuring drug responses have been described. This study describes a method for single cell preparation that allows proteins to be extracted and digested from single cells while maintaining conditions for small molecules to be simultaneously measured. The method as described allows up to 40 cells to be analyzed per instrument per day. When applied to a KRASG12D small molecule inhibitor I observe a wide degree of intracellular levels of the drug, and that proteomic responses largely stratify based on the concentration of drug within each single cell. Further work is in progress to develop and standardize this method and - more importantly - to normalize drug measurements against direct measurements of cell volume. However, these preliminary results appear promising for the identification of single cells with unique drug response mechanisms. All data described in this study has been made publicly available through the ProteomeXchange consortium under accession PXD046002.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. Orsburn
- The Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, 21205
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Foy R, Crozier L, Pareri AU, Valverde JM, Park BH, Ly T, Saurin AT. Oncogenic signals prime cancer cells for toxic cell overgrowth during a G1 cell cycle arrest. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4047-4061.e6. [PMID: 37977117 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors are remarkable anti-cancer drugs that can arrest tumor cells in G1 and induce their senescence while causing only relatively mild toxicities in healthy tissues. How they achieve this mechanistically is unclear. We show here that tumor cells are specifically vulnerable to CDK4/6 inhibition because during the G1 arrest, oncogenic signals drive toxic cell overgrowth. This overgrowth causes permanent cell cycle withdrawal by either preventing progression from G1 or inducing genotoxic damage during the subsequent S-phase and mitosis. Inhibiting or reverting oncogenic signals that converge onto mTOR can rescue this excessive growth, DNA damage, and cell cycle exit in cancer cells. Conversely, inducing oncogenic signals in non-transformed cells can drive these toxic phenotypes and sensitize the cells to CDK4/6 inhibition. Together, this demonstrates that cell cycle arrest and oncogenic cell growth is a synthetic lethal combination that is exploited by CDK4/6 inhibitors to induce tumor-specific toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reece Foy
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Lisa Crozier
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aanchal U Pareri
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Juan Manuel Valverde
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Ben Ho Park
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tony Ly
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Adrian T Saurin
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mouery BL, Baker EM, Mills CA, Herring LE, Fleifel D, Cook JG. APC/C prevents non-canonical order of cyclin/CDK activity to maintain CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced arrest. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566394. [PMID: 37986787 PMCID: PMC10659421 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell cycle progression ensures homeostasis and prevents cancer. In proliferating cells, premature S phase entry is avoided by the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome), although the APC/C substrates whose degradation restrains G1-S progression are not fully known. The APC/C is also active in arrested cells that exited the cell cycle, but it is not clear if APC/C maintains all types of arrest. Here by expressing the APC/C inhibitor, EMI1, we show that APC/C activity is essential to prevent S phase entry in cells arrested by pharmacological CDK4/6 inhibition (Palbociclib). Thus, active protein degradation is required for arrest alongside repressed cell cycle gene expression. The mechanism of rapid and robust arrest bypass from inhibiting APC/C involves cyclin-dependent kinases acting in an atypical order to inactivate RB-mediated E2F repression. Inactivating APC/C first causes mitotic cyclin B accumulation which then promotes cyclin A expression. We propose that cyclin A is the key substrate for maintaining arrest because APC/C-resistant cyclin A, but not cyclin B, is sufficient to induce S phase entry. Cells bypassing arrest from CDK4/6 inhibition initiate DNA replication with severely reduced origin licensing. The simultaneous accumulation of S phase licensing inhibitors, such as cyclin A and geminin, with G1 licensing activators disrupts the normal order of G1-S progression. As a result, DNA synthesis and cell proliferation are profoundly impaired. Our findings predict that cancers with elevated EMI1 expression will tend to escape CDK4/6 inhibition into a premature, underlicensed S phase and suffer enhanced genome instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Mouery
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eliyambuya M Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Christine A Mills
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dalia Fleifel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Martija AA, Krauß A, Bächle N, Doth L, Christians A, Krunic D, Schneider M, Helm D, Will R, Hartmann C, Herold-Mende C, von Deimling A, Pusch S. EMP3 sustains oncogenic EGFR/CDK2 signaling by restricting receptor degradation in glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:177. [PMID: 37936247 PMCID: PMC10629159 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein 3 (EMP3) is an N-glycosylated tetraspanin with a putative trafficking function. It is highly expressed in isocitrate dehydrogenase-wild-type glioblastoma (IDH-wt GBM), and its high expression correlates with poor survival. However, the exact trafficking role of EMP3 and how it promotes oncogenic signaling in GBM remain unclear. Here, we show that EMP3 promotes EGFR/CDK2 signaling by regulating the trafficking and enhancing the stability of EGFR. BioID2-based proximity labeling revealed that EMP3 interacts with endocytic proteins involved in the vesicular transport of EGFR. EMP3 knockout (KO) enhances epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced shuttling of EGFR into RAB7 + late endosomes, thereby promoting EGFR degradation. Increased EGFR degradation is rescued by the RAB7 negative regulator and novel EMP3 interactor TBC1D5. Phosphoproteomic and transcriptomic analyses further showed that EMP3 KO converges into the inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK2 and the repression of EGFR-dependent and cell cycle transcriptional programs. Phenotypically, EMP3 KO cells exhibit reduced proliferation rates, blunted mitogenic response to EGF, and increased sensitivity to the pan-kinase inhibitor staurosporine and the EGFR inhibitor osimertinib. Furthermore, EGFR-dependent patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells display a transcriptomic signature consistent with reduced CDK2 activity, as well as increased susceptibility to CDK2 inhibition upon EMP3 knockdown. Lastly, using TCGA data, we showed that GBM tumors with high EMP3 expression have increased total and phosphorylated EGFR levels. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a novel EMP3-dependent mechanism by which EGFR/CDK2 activity is sustained in GBM. Consequently, EMP3's stabilizing effect provides an additional layer of tumor cell resistance against targeted kinase inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Andreu Martija
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Krauß
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natalie Bächle
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Laura Doth
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Christians
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Canopy Biosciences, Bruker Nano Group, Hannover, Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Dominic Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Will
- Cellular Tools Core Facility, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Andreas von Deimling
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pusch
- Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fan H, Song L, Fan J, Ma J, Li X, Zhang J, Hu J, Wu Z, Zhang D, Wang L. Decoding meningioma heterogeneity and neoplastic cell-macrophage interaction through single-cell transcriptome profiling across pathological grades. J Transl Med 2023; 21:751. [PMID: 37880655 PMCID: PMC10599053 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analyzing meningioma of distinct pathological types at the single-cell level can provide new and valuable insights into the specific biological mechanisms of each cellular subpopulation, as well as their vital interplay within the tumor microenvironment. METHODS We recruited patients diagnosed with four distinct types of meningioma and performed single-cell RNA sequencing on their tumor samples, concurrently analyzing a publicly available dataset for comparison. Next, we separated the cells into discrete clusters and identified their unique identities. Using pseudotime analysis, we demonstrated cellular differentiation and dynamics. To investigate biological function, we employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis, gene regulatory network, and gene set enrichment analysis. Additionally, we conducted cell-cell communication analyses to characterize interactions among different clusters and validated a crucial interaction using multiple immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The single-cell transcriptomic profiles for five meningioma of different pathological types demonstrated that neoplastic cells exhibited high inter-sample heterogeneity and diverse biological functions featured by metabolic regulation. A small cluster of neoplastic cells (N5 cluster, < 3%) was most proliferative, indicated by high expression of MKI67 and TOP2A. They were primarily observed in our atypical and transitional meningioma samples and located at the beginning of the pseudotime differentiation branch for neoplastic cells. Macrophages, the most abundant immune cells present, showed two distinct developmental trajectories, one promoting and the other suppressing meningioma growth, with the MIF-CD74 interaction serving as the primary signaling pathway for MIF signals in the tumor environment. Unexpectedly, despite its small cluster size, the N5 cluster demonstrated a significant contribution in this interaction. By staining pathological sections of more samples, we found that this interaction was widely present in different types of meningiomas. CONCLUSIONS Meningioma neoplastic cells' diverse types cause inter-sample heterogeneity and a wide range of functions. Some proliferative neoplastic cell may educate macrophages, which promotes tumorigenesis possibly through the MIF-CD74 interaction. It provides novel clues for future potential therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lairong Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, National Urological Cancer Center, Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Junting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054-1901, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77225-0334, USA
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Dake Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang M, Shao J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Tang T, Chen G, Xia S, Zhao K, Kang Z, Sun W, Jia X, Wang J, Lai S. miR-383-5p Regulates Preadipocyte Proliferation and Differentiation by Targeting RAD51AP1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14025. [PMID: 37762324 PMCID: PMC10531573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide, and increasing evidence supports the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in its pathogenesis. Recently, we found that miR-383-5p_1 is highly expressed in the perirenal fat of high-fat-fed rabbits, but it is not yet known whether miR-383-5p is involved in lipid metabolism. Here, we used transcriptome sequencing technology to screen 1642 known differentially expressed genes between miR-383-5p mimic groups and miR-383-5p negative control groups. Gene Ontology Resource (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were enriched in the pathway related to lipid metabolism, and glycine biosynthesis, the NOD receptor signal pathway and nonalcoholic fatty liver were significantly enriched. Afterwards, our research results indicated that miR-383-5p can promote the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit preadipocytes, and there is a direct targeting relationship with RAD51AP1. Mechanistically, miR-383-5p directly interacts with the lipid metabolism and participates in adipogenesis and lipid accumulation by targeting RAD51AP1. In conclusion, our data highlight a physiological role for miRNA in lipid metabolism and suggest the miR-383-5p/RAD51AP1 axis may represent a potential mechanism for controlling lipid accumulation in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meigui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiahao Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zheliang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guanhe Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Kaisen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhe Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Songjia Lai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Milletti G, Colicchia V, Cecconi F. Cyclers' kinases in cell division: from molecules to cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2035-2052. [PMID: 37516809 PMCID: PMC10482880 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01196-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful eucaryotic cell division requires spatio-temporal orchestration of multiple sequential events. To ensure the dynamic nature of these molecular and morphological transitions, a swift modulation of key regulatory pathways is necessary. The molecular process that most certainly fits this description is phosphorylation, the post-translational modification provided by kinases, that is crucial to allowing the progression of the cell cycle and that culminates with the separation of two identical daughter cells. In detail, from the early stages of the interphase to the cytokinesis, each critical step of this process is tightly regulated by multiple families of kinases including the Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), kinases of the Aurora, Polo, Wee1 families, and many others. While cell-cycle-related CDKs control the timing of the different phases, preventing replication machinery errors, the latter modulate the centrosome cycle and the spindle function, avoiding karyotypic abnormalities typical of chromosome instability. Such chromosomal abnormalities may result from replication stress (RS) and chromosome mis-segregation and are considered a hallmark of poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis in cancer patients. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of how different families of kinases concur to govern cell cycle, preventing RS and mitotic infidelity. Additionally, considering the growing number of clinical trials targeting these molecules, we review to what extent and in which tumor context cell-cycle-related kinases inhibitors are worth exploiting as an effective therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Milletti
- DNA Replication and Cancer Group, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Colicchia
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- IRBM S.p.A., Via Pontina Km 30.60, 00070, Pomezia, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Group, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barr AR. A lack of commitment to proliferation. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-02136-0. [PMID: 37407778 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
|