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Li P, Huang Y, Miao L, Zhu Z, Shi Z. Protective effects of ectoine on articular chondrocytes and cartilage in rats for treating osteoarthritis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299351. [PMID: 38421984 PMCID: PMC10903896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease that primarily includes articular cartilage destruction and inflammatory reactions, and effective treatments for this disease are still lacking. The present study aimed to explore the protective effects of ectoine, a compatible solute found in nature, on chondrocytes in rats and its possible application in OA treatment. In the in vitro studies, the morphology of the chondrocytes after trypsin digestion for 2 min and the viability of the chondrocytes at 50°C were observed after ectoine treatment. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in chondrocytes pretreated with ectoine and post-stimulated with H2O2 were detected using an ROS assay. Chondrocytes were pretreated with ectoine before IL-1β stimulation. RT‒qPCR was used to measure the mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), metallomatrix proteinase-3, -9 (MMP-3, -9), and collagen type II alpha 1 (Col2A1). In addition, immunofluorescence was used to assess the expression of type II collagen. The in vivo effect of ectoine was evaluated in a rat OA model induced by the modified Hulth method. The findings revealed that ectoine significantly increased the trypsin tolerance of chondrocytes, maintained the viability of the chondrocytes at 50°C, and improved their resistance to oxidation. Compared with IL-1β treatment alone, ectoine pretreatment significantly reduced COX-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 expression and maintained type II collagen synthesis in chondrocytes. In vivo, the cartilage of ectoine-treated rats exhibited less degeneration and lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores. The results of this study suggest that ectoine exerts protective effects on chondrocytes and cartilage and can, therefore, be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Orthopedic Surgery Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’ s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Orthopedic Surgery Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’ s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lishuai Miao
- Orthopedic Surgery Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’ s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhu
- Orthopedic Surgery Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’ s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanjun Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ding XF, Wu Y, Qu WR, Fan M, Zhao YQ. Quinacrine pretreatment reduces microwave-induced neuronal damage by stabilizing the cell membrane. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:449-455. [PMID: 29623929 PMCID: PMC5900507 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.228727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinacrine, widely used to treat parasitic diseases, binds to cell membranes. We previously found that quinacrine pretreatment reduced microwave radiation damage in rat hippocampal neurons, but the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Considering the thermal effects of microwave radiation and the protective effects of quinacrine on heat damage in cells, we hypothesized that quinacrine would prevent microwave radiation damage to cells in a mechanism associated with cell membrane stability. To test this, we used retinoic acid to induce PC12 cells to differentiate into neuron-like cells. We then pretreated the neurons with quinacrine (20 and 40 mM) and irradiated them with 50 mW/cm2 microwaves for 3 or 6 hours. Flow cytometry, atomic force microscopy and western blot assays revealed that irradiated cells pretreated with quinacrine showed markedly less apoptosis, necrosis, and membrane damage, and greater expression of heat shock protein 70, than cells exposed to microwave irradiation alone. These results suggest that quinacrine stabilizes the neuronal membrane structure by upregulating the expression of heat shock protein 70, thus reducing neuronal injury caused by microwave radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Ding
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Rui Qu
- Hand & Foot Surgery and Reparative & Reconstructive Surgery Center, Orthopedic Hospital of the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qi Zhao
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Al Asmari AK, Al Sadoon KT, Obaid AA, Yesunayagam D, Tariq M. Protective effect of quinacrine against glycerol-induced acute kidney injury in rats. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:41. [PMID: 28129740 PMCID: PMC5273840 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical problem with high rate of mortality and morbidity. Currently used prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to address AKI are limited and warrant further studies. In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the effect of quinacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor against glycerol induced AKI in rats. METHODS Adult female Wistar rats were divided in to five groups. After 24 h of water deprivation rats in groups 3, 4 and 5 received an intraperitoneal injection of quinacrine (3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of body weight respectively). Thirty minutes after the first injection of quinacrine animals in groups 3, 4 and 5 received an intramuscular injection of 25% glycerol (10 ml/kg of body weight). The animals in group 2 received 25% glycerol (10 ml/kg of body weight) only whereas rats in group 1 served as control . The quinacrine administration was continued once daily for three days, on the fourth day animals were sacrificed, blood and kidney were collected for various biochemical and histopathological studies. RESULTS Glycerol treatment produced significant renal structural abnormalities and functional impairment (increased urea and creatinine). Increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) clearly suggested the involvement of oxidative stress and neutrophilic activity following glycerol administration. Quinacrine dose dependently attenuated glycerol induced structural and functional changes in kidney. CONCLUSION The reversal of glycerol induced AKI by quinacrine points towards a role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the pathogenesis of renal injury. The result of this study suggests that quinacrine may offer an alternative mode of treatment for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Ahmed Obaid
- Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Tariq
- Scientific Research Centre, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang T, Hu H, Tao Z, Niu B, Jiao S, Zhang J, Li Y, Cao B. A novel method for primary neuronal culture and characterization under different high temperature. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:823-8. [PMID: 27130681 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heatstroke is a big threat to human health; however, the characteristic of pathological changes of neurons during heatstroke development remains unclear. Here, using an in vitro model of primary cultured neurons from newborn Wistar rats, we investigated the effects of the different combinations of high temperature (37, 39, 41, 43, 45, and 47°C) and exposure time (45 min and 1 h) on the neurons. We found that, under the treatment of 45 min-heat, the neurons could resist high temperature up to 45°C, and under the treatment of 1 h-heat, the mortality of neurons increased as the temperature rises. After heating for 1 h, only a small minority of the neurons died under 41 and 43°C, which primarily occurred in the form of apoptosis. Up to 45°C for 1 h, most neurons occurred to necrosis. Meaningfully, some necrotic neurons expressed specific fried egg-like morphology. Our findings suggest that different high temperatures and exposure times were two key factors influencing the death of neurons. Under the high temperature (below 43°C for 1 h) similar to heatstroke, it just led a small percentage of neurons to apoptosis, and anti-apoptosis controls for preventing and treating heatstroke are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China.,Department of Neurology, The 303th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Nanning, China
| | - Huaiqiang Hu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Bing Niu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China
| | - Shusheng Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital of the Chinese PLA, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The 205th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The National Hospital of Guangxi Province, Nanning, China
| | - Bingzhen Cao
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command of PLA, 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, China.
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Ahn M, Ghaemmaghami S, Huang Y, Phuan PW, May BCH, Giles K, DeArmond SJ, Prusiner SB. Pharmacokinetics of quinacrine efflux from mouse brain via the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39112. [PMID: 22768295 PMCID: PMC3388068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipophilic cationic compound quinacrine has been used as an antimalarial drug for over 75 years but its pharmacokinetic profile is limited. Here, we report on the pharmacokinetic properties of quinacrine in mice. Following an oral dose of 40 mg/kg/day for 30 days, quinacrine concentration in the brain of wild-type mice was maintained at a concentration of ∼1 µM. As a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter, quinacrine is actively exported from the brain, preventing its accumulation to levels that may show efficacy in some disease models. In the brains of P-gp-deficient Mdr1(0/0) mice, we found quinacrine reached concentrations of ∼80 µM without any signs of acute toxicity. Additionally, we examined the distribution and metabolism of quinacrine in the wild-type and Mdr1(0/0) brains. In wild-type mice, the co-administration of cyclosporin A, a known P-gp inhibitor, resulted in a 6-fold increase in the accumulation of quinacrine in the brain. Our findings argue that the inhibition of the P-gp efflux transporter should improve the poor pharmacokinetic properties of quinacrine in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misol Ahn
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sina Ghaemmaghami
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Puay-Wah Phuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Barnaby C. H. May
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt Giles
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. DeArmond
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Stanley B. Prusiner
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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