1
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Pu C, Biyuan, Xu K, Zhao Y. Glycosylation and its research progress in endometrial cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1865-1880. [PMID: 35752750 PMCID: PMC9418304 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common tumors in the female reproductive system, which seriously threatens women's health, particularly in developed countries. 13% of the patients with EC have a poor prognosis due to recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, identifying good predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets is critical to enable the early detection of metastasis and improve the prognosis. For decades, extensive studies had focused on glycans and glycoproteins in the progression of cancer. The types of glycans that are covalently attached to the polypeptide backbone, usually via nitrogen or oxygen linkages, are known as N‑glycans or O‑glycans, respectively. The degree of protein glycosylation and the aberrant changes in the carbohydrate structures have been implicated in the extent of tumorigenesis and reported to play a critical role in regulating tumor invasion, metabolism, and immunity. This review summarizes the essential biological role of glycosylation in EC, with a focus on the recent advances in glycomics and glycosylation markers, highlighting their implications in the diagnosis and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congli Pu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Biyuan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yingchao Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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2
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The generation and application of antigen-specific T cell therapies for cancer and viral-associated disease. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2130-2152. [PMID: 35149193 PMCID: PMC9171249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with antigen-specific T cells is a promising, targeted therapeutic option for patients with cancer as well as for immunocompromised patients with virus infections. In this review, we characterize and compare current manufacturing protocols for the generation of T cells specific to viral and non-viral tumor-associated antigens. Specifically, we discuss: (1) the different methodologies to expand virus-specific T cell and non-viral tumor-associated antigen-specific T cell products, (2) an overview of the immunological principles involved when developing such manufacturing protocols, and (3) proposed standardized methodologies for the generation of polyclonal, polyfunctional antigen-specific T cells irrespective of donor source. Ex vivo expanded cells have been safely administered to treat numerous patients with virus-associated malignancies, hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors. Hence, we have performed a comprehensive review of the clinical trial results evaluating the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of these products in the clinic. In summary, this review seeks to provide new insights regarding antigen-specific T cell technology to benefit a rapidly expanding T cell therapy field.
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3
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The Role of Peptide-Based Tumor Vaccines on Cytokines of Adaptive Immunity: A Review. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Zebularine Treatment Induces MAGE-A11 Expression and Improves CTL Cytotoxicity Using a Novel Identified HLA-A2-restricted MAGE-A11 Peptide. J Immunother 2017; 40:211-220. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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5
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Sennikov SV, Khantakova JN, Kulikova EV, Obleukhova IA, Shevchenko JA. Modern strategies and capabilities for activation of the immune response against tumor cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698380. [PMID: 28513301 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells and the most potent stimulators of various immune responses, such as antitumor responses. Modern studies have not shown an effective antitumor immune response development in patients with malignant tumors. The major cause is the decrease in functional activity of dendritic cells in cancer patients through irregularities in the maturation process to a functionally active form and in the antigen presentation process to naive T lymphocytes. This review describes the main stages of cellular antitumor immune response induction in vitro, aimed at resolving the problems that are blocking the full functioning of dendritic cells, and additional stimulation of antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vital'evich Sennikov
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Nikolaevna Khantakova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vladimirovna Kulikova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Alexandrovna Obleukhova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Alexandrovna Shevchenko
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology," Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Fu C, Zhao H, Wang Y, Cai H, Xiao Y, Zeng Y, Chen H. Tumor-associated antigens: Tn antigen, sTn antigen, and T antigen. HLA 2016; 88:275-286. [PMID: 27679419 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the major posttranslational modifications of proteins. N-glycosylation (Asn-linked) and O-glycosylation (Ser/Thr-linked) are the two main forms. Abnormal O-glycosylation is frequently observed on the surface of tumor cells, and is associated with an adverse outcome and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. O-glycans (Tn, sTn, and T antigen) can be synthesized in the Golgi apparatus with the aid of several glycosyltransferases (such as T-synthase and ST6GalNAc-I) in a suitable environment. The unique molecular chaperone of T-synthase is Cosmc, which helps T-synthase to fold correctly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Dysregulation of these glycosyltransferases, molecular chaperones, or the environment is involved in the dysregulation of O-glycans. Tn, sTn, and T antigen neo- or over-expression occurs in many types of cancer including gastric, colon, breast, lung, esophageal, prostate, and endometrial cancer. This review discusses the major synthetic pathway of O-glycans and the mechanism by which Tn, sTn, and T antigens promote tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fu
- Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - H Zhao
- Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Y Wang
- The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - H Cai
- Department of Hematology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Y Zeng
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - H Chen
- Institute of Spinal Medicine and Trauma, Department of Spinal Surgery Ward/Center for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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7
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Tanida T, Tanemura M, Miyoshi E, Nagano H, Furukawa K, Nonaka Y, Akita H, Hama N, Wada H, Kawamoto K, Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, Mori M, Doki Y. Pancreatic cancer immunotherapy using a tumor lysate vaccine, engineered to express α-gal epitopes, targets pancreatic cancer stem cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:78-90. [PMID: 25354268 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease that remains one of the most resistant to traditional therapies. Immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer induces the recruitment and activation of T cells that recognize tumor-associated antigens (TAAs); thus, the mechanism differs from that of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to elicit immune responses against autologous tumors, and especially to induce multiple T cell clones against a variety of TAAs. In the present study, we prepared a polyvalent tumor lysate vaccine engineered to express the α-gal epitopes, Galα1-3Galβ1-4 GlcNAc-R (i.e., α-gal tumor lysate), from primary tumors. The vaccine elicited strong antibody production against multiple TAAs in pancreatic cancer cells and induced activation of multiple tumor-specific T cells in α1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) knockout (KO) mice. The tumor lysate vaccine exhibited a similar effect on pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the CD44+CD24+ phenotype. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using NOD/SCID mice, inoculated with splenocytes from KO mice vaccinated with the α-gal tumor lysate and injected with pancreatic cancer cells, showed successful induction of a marked immune response that resulted in suppression of tumorigenesis and significant improvement in overall survival. In contrast, inoculation of lymphocytes from KO mice vaccinated with control tumor lysate vaccine had no effects on tumor growth and survival. The results of both in vitro and in vivo experiments emphasize the efficiency of tumor lysate vaccines expressing α-gal epitopes in targeting all pancreatic cancer cells, including differentiated cancer cells and pancreatic CSCs. The α-gal tumor lysate vaccine could be the basis for a novel therapeutic approach in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Tanida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenta Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nonaka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Hama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Zhang P, Yi S, Li X, Liu R, Jiang H, Huang Z, Liu Y, Wu J, Huang Y. Preparation of triple-negative breast cancer vaccine through electrofusion with day-3 dendritic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102197. [PMID: 25036145 PMCID: PMC4103844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in human immune system. DC-based tumor vaccine has met with some success in specific malignancies, inclusive of breast cancer. In this study, we electrofused MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line with day-3 DCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes, and explored the biological characteristics of fusion vaccine and its anti-tumor effects in vitro. Day-3 mature DCs were generated from day-2 immature DCs by adding cocktails composed of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PEG2. Day-3 mature DCs were identified and electofused with breast cancer cells to generate fusion vaccine. Phenotype of fusion cells were identified by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometer. The fusion vaccine was evaluated for T cell proliferation, secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ, and induction of tumor-specific CTL response. Despite differences in morphology, day-3 and day-7 DC expressed similar surface markers. The secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ in fusion vaccine group was much higher than that in the control group. Compared with control group, DC-tumor fusion vaccine could better stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes and kill more breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro. Day-3 DCs had the same function as the day-7 DCs, but with a shorter culture period. Our findings suggested that day-3 DCs fused with whole apoptotic breast cancer cells could elicit effective specific antitumor T cell responses in vitro and may be developed into a prospective candidate for adoptivet immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhong Yi
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruilei Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zenan Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juekun Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Pham VQ, Nguyen ST, Mai TT, Phan NK, Van Pham P. Breast cancer tumor growth is efficiently inhibited by dendritic cell transfusion in a murine model. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-014-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Foster S, Duvall CL, Crownover EF, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS. Intracellular delivery of a protein antigen with an endosomal-releasing polymer enhances CD8 T-cell production and prophylactic vaccine efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:2205-12. [PMID: 21043513 DOI: 10.1021/bc100204m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based vaccines have significant potential as infectious disease and anticancer therapeutics, but clinical impact has been limited in some applications by their inability to generate a coordinated cellular immune response. Here, a pH-responsive carrier incorporating poly(propylacrylic acid) (PPAA) was evaluated to test whether improved cytosolic delivery of a protein antigen could enhance CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte generation and prophylactic tumor vaccine responses. PPAA was directly conjugated to the model ovalbumin antigen via reducible disulfide linkages and was also tested in a particulate formulation after condensation with cationic poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA). Intracellular trafficking studies revealed that both PPAA-containing formulations were stably internalized and evaded exocytotic pathways, leading to increased intracellular accumulation and potential access to the cytosolic MHC-1 antigen presentation pathway. In an EG.7-OVA mouse tumor protection model, both PPAA-containing carriers robustly inhibited tumor growth and led to an approximately 3.5-fold increase in the longevity of tumor-free survival relative to controls. Mechanistically, this response was attributed to the 8-fold increase in production of ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T-lymphocytes and an 11-fold increase in production of antiovalbumin IgG. Significantly, this is one of the first demonstrated examples of in vivo immunotherapeutic efficacy using soluble protein-polymer conjugates. These results suggest that carriers enhancing cytosolic delivery of protein antigens could lead to more robust CD8+ T-cell response and demonstrate the potential of pH-responsive PPAA-based carriers for therapeutic vaccine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Foster
- Department of Bioengineering and Center for Intracellular Delivery of Biologics, University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98195, USA
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Abstract
The overexpression and aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 is associated with a wide variety of cancers, making it an ideal target for immunotherapeutic strategies. This review highlights the main avenues of research in this field, focusing on adenocarcinomas, from the preclinical to clinical; the problems and possible solutions associated with each approach; and speculates on the direction of MUC1 immunotherapeutic research over the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Beatson
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
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12
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Vaccination with transforming growth factor-beta insensitive dendritic cells suppresses pulmonary metastases of renal carcinoma in mice. Cancer Lett 2008; 271:333-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Novel therapeutic strategies for treating esophageal adenocarcinoma: The potential of dendritic cell immunotherapy and combinatorial regimens. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:614-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) ‘pulsed’ with an appropriate antigen may elicit an antitumour immune response in mouse models. However, while attempting to develop a DC immunotherapy protocol for the treatment of breast cancer based on the tumour-associated MUC1 glycoforms, we found that unpulsed DCs can affect tumour growth. Protection from RMA-MUC1 tumour challenge was achieved in C57Bl/6 MUC1 transgenic mice by immunising with syngeneic DCs pulsed with a MUC1 peptide. However, unpulsed DCs gave a similar level of protection, making it impossible to evaluate the effect of immunisation of mice with DCs pulsed with the specific peptide. Balb/C mice could also be protected from tumour challenge by immunisation with unpulsed DCs prior to challenge with murine mammary tumour cells (410.4) or these cells transfected with MUC1 (E3). Protection was achieved with as few as three injections of 50 000 naïve DCs per mouse per week, was not dependent on injection route, and was not specific to cell lines expressing human MUC1. However, the use of Rag2-knockout mice demonstrated that the adaptive immune response was required for tumour rejection. Injection of unpulsed DCs into mice bearing the E3 tumour slowed tumour growth. In vitro, production of IFN-γ and IL-4 was increased in splenic cells isolated from mice immunised with DCs. Depleting CD4 T cells in vitro partially decreased cytokine production by splenocytes, but CD8 depletion had no effect. This paper shows that naïve syngeneic DCs may induce an antitumour immune response and has implications for DC immunotherapy preclinical and clinical trials.
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15
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Tuyaerts S, Aerts JL, Corthals J, Neyns B, Heirman C, Breckpot K, Thielemans K, Bonehill A. Current approaches in dendritic cell generation and future implications for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1513-37. [PMID: 17503040 PMCID: PMC11030932 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-007-0334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of tumor-associated antigens, which are either selectively or preferentially expressed by tumors, together with an improved insight in dendritic cell biology illustrating their key function in the immune system, have provided a rationale to initiate dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy trials. Nevertheless, dendritic cell vaccination is in an early stage, as methods for preparing tumor antigen presenting dendritic cells and improving their immunostimulatory function are continuously being optimized. In addition, recent improvements in immunomonitoring have emphasized the need for careful design of this part of the trials. Still, valuable proofs-of-principle have been obtained, which favor the use of dendritic cells in subsequent, more standardized clinical trials. Here, we review the recent developments in clinical DC generation, antigen loading methods and immunomonitoring approaches for DC-based trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tuyaerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joeri L. Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Corthals
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Neyns
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Center, University Hospital Brussels, Free University Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aude Bonehill
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103/E, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Weng YQ, Qiu SJ, Liu YK, Fan J, Gao Q, Tang ZY. Down-regulation of beta-centractin might be involved in dendritic cells dysfunction and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma immune escape: a proteomic study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 134:179-86. [PMID: 17619203 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Proteomic study was used to clarify the mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immune escape concerning Dendritic cells (DCs') dysfunction and their association with HCC invasion. METHODS Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived DCs from healthy donors were pulsed with soluble cell lysates prepared from different metastatic potential human HCC cell lines. The total protein of these DCs was analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and Electro-Spray Mass Spectrometry. The allostimulatoy capacity and phenotype of these DCs were also evaluated. The clinical significance of beta-centractin, one of the largest quantitative changed spot, down-regulation in DCs was further evaluated in autologous PBMCs derived DCs pulsed with auto-tumor lysates in 26 HCC patients. RESULTS The expression of beta-centractin was found to be considerably lower either in DCs pulsed with HCCLM6 (high metastatic potential HCC cell line) lysates, accompanied by down-regulation of CD86 molecule and impaired allostimulatory capacity, than those of DCs pulsed with lysates from HCC cell lines with low or without metastatic potential or in DCs pulsed with lysates from HCC with invasiveness than those without invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of beta-centractin in DCs pulsed with high metastatic potential HCC lysates might associate with DCs dysfunction and HCC invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qiang Weng
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Mitchell MS, Lund TA, Sewell AK, Marincola FM, Paul E, Schroder K, Wilson DB, Kan-Mitchell J. The cytotoxic T cell response to peptide analogs of the HLA-A*0201-restricted MUC1 signal sequence epitope, M1.2. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:287-301. [PMID: 16874487 PMCID: PMC11029875 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mucin MUC1 molecule is overexpressed on a variety of adenocarcinomas and is thus, a potential target for immunotherapy. Of the MUC1 peptides that bind to HLA-A*0201(A2), M1.2 (LLLLTVLTV) from the signal sequence appears to be the most immunogenic in humans. Here we have shown that large numbers (10(9)) of tetramer-binding M1.2-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can be generated ex vivo from circulating precursors, derived from healthy adults. However, there was significant interpersonal variation in the level of co-stimulatory signal required. Tetramer-binding cells also required maturation in culture to become proficient killers of the HLA-A2(+) MUC1(+) MCF7 cell line, known to express a low number of endogenously processed M1.2. The functional avidity of M1.2-specific CTL, however, was low as compared to CTL specific for an HIV-1 epitope. Despite the low avidity, M1.2-specific CTL were polyfunctional, secreting multiple cytokines upon degranulation with antigen recognition. To identify potential agonist peptides that may be superior immunogens, an M1.2-specific CTL culture was used to scan a large nonameric combinatorial peptide library. Of 54 predicted peptides, 4 were "consensus" agonists because they were recognized by CTL from two other donors. Two agonists, p29 (LLPWTVLTV) and p15 (VLLWTVLTV), were equally stimulatory when loaded onto C1R target cells transfected with wild-type HLA-A2. Both agonists induced IL-2, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and degranulation with M1.2-specific CTL. In contrast, production of these cytokines, which are tightly regulated by specific activation through the T cell receptor, was restricted when the CTL were stimulated with peptides loaded onto C1R cells that were transfected with an HLA-A2 molecule bearing a mutation that abrogates binding to the CD8 co-receptor. Thus, activation by both M1.2 and its agonists was dependent upon CD8, showing that compensation by the co-receptor was necessary for the human T cell response to M1.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm S. Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Teri A. Lund
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Andrew K. Sewell
- T Cell Modulation Group, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesco M. Marincola
- Immunogenetics Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Elyse Paul
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Kim Schroder
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Darcy B. Wilson
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - June Kan-Mitchell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
- Present Address: Hudson-Webber Cancer Research Center, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
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Saito H, Dubsky P, Dantin C, Finn OJ, Banchereau J, Palucka AK. Cross-priming of cyclin B1, MUC-1 and survivin-specific CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells loaded with killed allogeneic breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2007; 8:R65. [PMID: 17129372 PMCID: PMC1797030 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to take up whole tumor cells and process their antigens for presentation to T cells ('cross-priming') is an important mechanism for induction of tumor specific immunity. Methods In vitro generated DCs were loaded with killed allogeneic breast cancer cells and offered to autologous naïve CD8+ T cells in 2-week and/or 3-week cultures. CD8+ T cell differentiation was measured by their capacity to secrete effector cytokines (interferon-γ) and kill breast cancer cells. Specificity was measured using peptides derived from defined breast cancer antigens. Results We found that DCs loaded with killed breast cancer cells can prime naïve CD8+ T cells to differentiate into effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Importantly, these CTLs primed by DCs loaded with killed HLA-A*0201- breast cancer cells can kill HLA-A*0201+ breast cancer cells. Among the tumor specific CTLs, we found that CTLs specific for HLA-A2 restricted peptides derived from three well known shared breast tumor antigens, namely cyclin B1, MUC-1 and survivin. Conclusion This ability of DCs loaded with killed allogeneic breast cancer cells to elicit multiantigen specific immunity supports their use as vaccines in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Saito
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Live Oak, Dallas, Texas 75024, USA
| | - Peter Dubsky
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Live Oak, Dallas, Texas 75024, USA
| | - Carole Dantin
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Live Oak, Dallas, Texas 75024, USA
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1040 Biomedical Sciences Tower, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia 15261, USA
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Live Oak, Dallas, Texas 75024, USA
| | - A Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Live Oak, Dallas, Texas 75024, USA
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Proudfoot O, Apostolopoulos V, Pietersz GA. Receptor-Mediated Delivery of Antigens to Dendritic Cells: Anticancer Applications. Mol Pharm 2007; 4:58-72. [PMID: 17228857 DOI: 10.1021/mp0601087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the use of ex vivo antigen-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) in the immunotherapy for cancer. DCs are powerful adjuvants with the ability to prime naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. As antigen sources, various preparations, including peptides, proteins, crude tumor lysates, and DCs transfected or transformed with various viruses, have been used. These procedures that involve the isolation of patient DCs and reintroduction after in vitro manipulation are time-consuming and expensive. The DC populations used frequently in ex vivo clinical studies are IL-4 and GM-CSF cultured DCs that may not represent the in vivo DC populations. An attractive method of targeting in vivo DCs is to utilize various ligands or antibodies that bind discrete populations of DCs. These cell surface receptors will direct the antigen to different antigen processing pathways depending on the targeted receptor to induce cytotoxic T cell or T helper responses. This review will discuss the various approaches and receptors that have been used for antigen targeting that may eventually be translated to alternative DC-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Proudfoot
- Bio-Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Burnet Institute at Austin, Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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Chopra A, Kim TS, O-Sullivan I, Martinez D, Cohen EP. Treatment of squamous carcinoma in mice with a vaccine enriched for cells that induce immunity to squamous carcinoma--a new vaccination strategy. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:339-48. [PMID: 16477635 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report a new vaccination strategy for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The vaccine was prepared by transfer of unfractionated DNA-fragments (25 kb) from squamous carcinoma cells (KLN205, DBA/2 origin (H-2(d))) into LM mouse fibroblasts (C3H/He origin; H-2(k)), a highly immunogenic cell line. To enhance their nonspecific immunogenic properties, the fibroblasts were modified before DNA transfer to secrete IL-2 and to express additional allogeneic MHC class I determinants. As the transferred DNA integrates into the genome of the recipient cells, and is replicated as the cells divide, sufficient DNA to prepare the vaccine could be obtained from as few as 10(7) squamous carcinoma cells (4 mm tumor). Since only a small proportion of the transfected cell-population was expected to have incorporated genes specifying antigens associated with the squamous carcinoma cells (TAA), we devised a novel approach to enrich the vaccine for cells that induce immunity to the SCC. Aliquots of the transfected population were divided into 10 small pools (initial inoculums = 1 x 10(3)). We reasoned that if the starting inoculums were sufficiently small, then the distribution of highly immunogenic and weakly immunogenic cells in each pool would not be the same. Cells from individual pools were allowed to increase in number. A portion of the expanded cell populations were maintained frozen/viable for later recovery. The remaining portions were used to immunize naïve DBA/2 mice. Pools containing greater numbers of immunogenic cells were identified by 2 independent assays. Frozen aliquots of cells from the pool that stimulated immunity to the squamous carcinoma to the greatest extent were recovered and subdivided for additional rounds of immune selection. Enhanced immunity to squamous carcinoma mediated by CD8+ T cells was induced in tumor-bearing mice treated solely by immunization with the enriched cell-population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amla Chopra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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