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Lischer C, Eberhardt M, Flamann C, Berges J, Güse E, Wessely A, Weich A, Retzlaff J, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Wiesinger M, März J, Schuler-Thurner B, Knorr H, Gupta S, Singh KP, Schuler G, Heppt MV, Koch EAT, van Kleef ND, Freen-van Heeren JJ, Turksma AW, Wolkenhauer O, Hohberger B, Berking C, Bruns H, Vera J. Gene network-based and ensemble modeling-based selection of tumor-associated antigens with a predicted low risk of tissue damage for targeted immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008104. [PMID: 38724462 PMCID: PMC11086525 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated antigens and their derived peptides constitute an opportunity to design off-the-shelf mainline or adjuvant anti-cancer immunotherapies for a broad array of patients. A performant and rational antigen selection pipeline would lay the foundation for immunotherapy trials with the potential to enhance treatment, tremendously benefiting patients suffering from rare, understudied cancers. METHODS We present an experimentally validated, data-driven computational pipeline that selects and ranks antigens in a multipronged approach. In addition to minimizing the risk of immune-related adverse events by selecting antigens based on their expression profile in tumor biopsies and healthy tissues, we incorporated a network analysis-derived antigen indispensability index based on computational modeling results, and candidate immunogenicity predictions from a machine learning ensemble model relying on peptide physicochemical characteristics. RESULTS In a model study of uveal melanoma, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) docking simulations and experimental quantification of the peptide-major histocompatibility complex binding affinities confirmed that our approach discriminates between high-binding and low-binding affinity peptides with a performance similar to that of established methodologies. Blinded validation experiments with autologous T-cells yielded peptide stimulation-induced interferon-γ secretion and cytotoxic activity despite high interdonor variability. Dissecting the score contribution of the tested antigens revealed that peptides with the potential to induce cytotoxicity but unsuitable due to potential tissue damage or instability of expression were properly discarded by the computational pipeline. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of the de novo computational selection of antigens with the capacity to induce an anti-tumor immune response and a predicted low risk of tissue damage. On translation to the clinic, our pipeline supports fast turn-around validation, for example, for adoptive T-cell transfer preparations, in both generalized and personalized antigen-directed immunotherapy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lischer
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cindy Flamann
- BZKF, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Berges
- BZKF, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Esther Güse
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wessely
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian Weich
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jimmy Retzlaff
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Wiesinger
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes März
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Knorr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- CCC Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Vincent Heppt
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elias Andreas Thomas Koch
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- CCC Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- BZKF, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Wang QT, Liu YX, Wang J, Wang H. Advances in Cancer Nanovaccines: Harnessing Nanotechnology for Broadening Cancer Immune Response. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200673. [PMID: 37088719 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Many advances have been made recently in the field of cancer immunotherapy, particularly with the development of treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cellular immunotherapy. The efficacy of immunotherapy is limited, however, owing to high levels of tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive environments of advanced malignant tumors. Therefore, therapeutic anticancer vaccines have gradually become powerful tools for inducing valid antitumor immune responses and regulating the immune microenvironment. Tumor vaccines loaded in nanocarriers have become an indispensable delivery platform for tumor treatment because of their enhanced stability, targeting capability, and high level of safety. Through a unique design, cancer nanovaccines activate innate immunity and tumor-specific immunity simultaneously. For example, the design of cancer vaccines can incorporate strategies such as enhancing the stability and targeting of tumor antigens, combining effective adjuvants, cytokines, and immune microenvironment regulators, and promoting the maturation and cross-presentation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In this review, we discuss the design and preparation of nanovaccines for remodeling tumor antigen immunogenicity and regulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Hulen TM, Friese C, Kristensen NP, Granhøj JS, Borch TH, Peeters MJW, Donia M, Andersen MH, Hadrup SR, Svane IM, Met Ö. Ex vivo modulation of intact tumor fragments with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 influences the expansion and specificity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180997. [PMID: 37359554 PMCID: PMC10285209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibition (CPI) therapy and adoptive cell therapy with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL-based ACT) are the two most effective immunotherapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. While CPI has been the dominating therapy in the past decade, TIL-based ACT is beneficial for individuals even after progression on previous immunotherapies. Given that notable differences in response have been made when used as a subsequent treatment, we investigated how the qualities of TILs changed when the ex vivo microenvironment of intact tumor fragments were modulated with checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Initially, we show that unmodified TILs from CPI-resistant individuals can be produced, are overwhelmingly terminally differentiated, and are capable of responding to tumor. We then investigate these properties in ex vivo checkpoint modulated TILs finding that that they retain these qualities. Lastly, we confirmed the specificity of the TILs to the highest responding tumor antigens, and identified this reactivity resides largely in CD39+CD69+ terminally differentiated populations. Overall, we found that anti-PD-1 will alter the proliferative capacity while anti-CTLA4 will influence breadth of antigen specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Morgan Hulen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christina Friese
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Joachim Stoltenborg Granhøj
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Troels Holz Borch
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marlies J. W. Peeters
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Yazdani M, Nikpoor AR, Gholizadeh Z, Mohamadian Roshan N, Seifalian A, Jaafari MR, Badiee A. Comparison of two routes of administration of a cationic liposome formulation for a prophylactic DC vaccination in a murine melanoma model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107833. [PMID: 34352472 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination can be achieved via straight loading of vaccine into DCs ex vivo or administration to DCs in vivo. However, there is no certain consensus on which approach is preferable, and each strategy has its advantages and disadvantages, which affect the efficacy and safety of vaccines. It will also be more complicated when a vaccine delivery system is included. In this study, the efficacy of ex vivo pulsed DC-based vaccine compared with in vivo subcutaneous administration of a cationic liposomes (CLs) formulation containing gp100 antigen (gp100-CLs) was evaluated in a murine melanoma model. In combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody, the ex vivo approach of gp100-CLs yielded a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the number of antigen-specific tumors infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) with a significant upregulation of IFN-γ (P < 0.0001) and PD-1 (P < 0.0001) expression level. They also dampened the function of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) via significant downregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β (P < 0.0001) expression level compared to in vivo approach in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, prophylactic immunization with gp100-CLs pulsed DCs ex vivo delayed tumor growth and induced the survival benefit over in vivo immunization. Collectively, the ex vivo DC-based vaccination pulsed with gp100 encapsulated in liposomes synergizes with anti-PD-1 antibody and represents a preferable approach against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Yazdani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Reza Nikpoor
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Immunogenetic and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Gholizadeh
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| | - Nema Mohamadian Roshan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Selitsky SR, Mose LE, Smith CC, Chai S, Hoadley KA, Dittmer DP, Moschos SJ, Parker JS, Vincent BG. Prognostic value of B cells in cutaneous melanoma. Genome Med 2019; 11:36. [PMID: 31138334 PMCID: PMC6540526 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measures of the adaptive immune response have prognostic and predictive associations in melanoma and other cancer types. Specifically, intratumoral T cell density and function have considerable prognostic and predictive value in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Less is known about the significance of tumor-infiltrating B cells in SKCM. Our goal was to understand the prognostic and predictive value of B cell phenotypic subsets in SKCM using RNA sequencing. Methods We used our previously published algorithm, V’DJer, to assemble B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires and estimate diversity from short-read RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We applied machine learning-based cellular phenotype classifiers to measure relative similarity of bulk tumor sample gene expression profiles and different B cell phenotypes. We assessed these aspects of B cell biology in 473 SKCM from the Cancer Genome Atlas Project (TCGA) as well as in RNA-seq data corresponding to tumor samples procured from patients who received CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors for metastatic SKCM. Results We found that the BCR repertoire was associated with different clinical factors, such as tumor tissue site and sex. However, increased clonality of the BCR repertoire was favorably prognostic in SKCM and was prognostic even after first conditioning on various clinical factors. Mutation burden was not correlated with any BCR measurement, and no specific mutation had an altered BCR repertoire. Lack of an assembled BCR in pre-treatment tumor tissues was associated with a lack of anti-tumor response to a CTLA-4 inhibitor in metastatic SKCM. Conclusions These findings suggest an important prognostic and predictive role for B cell characteristics in SKCM. This has implications for melanoma immunobiology and potential development of immunogenomics features to predict survival and response to immunotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-019-0647-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Selitsky
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lisle E Mose
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Christof C Smith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shengjie Chai
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dirk P Dittmer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stergios J Moschos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Benjamin G Vincent
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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van den Bulk J, Verdegaal EM, de Miranda NF. Cancer immunotherapy: broadening the scope of targetable tumours. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180037. [PMID: 29875199 PMCID: PMC6030119 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has experienced remarkable advances in recent years. Striking clinical responses have been achieved for several types of solid cancers (e.g. melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer and mismatch repair-deficient cancers) after treatment of patients with T-cell checkpoint blockade therapies. These have been shown to be particularly effective in the treatment of cancers with high mutation burden, which places tumour-mutated antigens (neo-antigens) centre stage as targets of tumour immunity and cancer immunotherapy. With current technologies, neo-antigens can be identified in a short period of time, which may support the development of complementary, personalized approaches that increase the number of tumours amenable to immunotherapeutic intervention. In addition to reviewing the state of the art in cancer immunotherapy, we discuss potential avenues that can bring the immunotherapy revolution to a broader patient group including cancers with low mutation burden.
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7
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Zhao Z, Ukidve A, Dasgupta A, Mitragotri S. Transdermal immunomodulation: Principles, advances and perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:3-19. [PMID: 29604373 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulation, manipulation of the immune responses towards an antigen, is a promising strategy to treat cancer, infectious diseases, allergies, and autoimmune diseases, among others. Unique features of the skin including the presence of tissue-resident immune cells, ease of access and connectivity to other organs makes it a unique target organ for immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize advances in transdermal delivery of agents for modulating the immune responses for vaccination as well as tolerization. The biological foundation of skin-based immunomodulation and challenges in its implementation are described. Technological approaches aimed at enhancing the delivery of immunomodulatory therapeutics into skin are also discussed in this review. Progress made in the treatment of several specific diseases including cancer, infections and allergy are discussed. Finally, this review discusses some practical considerations and offers some recommendations for future studies in the field of transdermal immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Zhao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Anvay Ukidve
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Anshuman Dasgupta
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
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Abstract
From the application of Coley's toxin in the early 1900s to the present clinical trials using immune checkpoint regulatory inhibitors, the history of cancer immunotherapy has consisted of extremely high levels of enthusiasm after anecdotal case reports of enormous success, followed by decreasing levels of enthusiasm as the results of controlled clinical trials are available. In this review, this pattern will be documented for the various immunotherapeutic approaches over the years. The sole exception being vaccination against cancer causing viruses, which have already prevented thousands of cancers. We can only hope that the present high level of enthusiasm for the use of immune stimulation by removal of blocks to cancer immunity will be more productive than the incremental improvements using previous immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Sell
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health and Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
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Gefen T, Vaya J, Khatib S, Rapoport I, Lupo M, Barnea E, Admon A, Heller ED, Aizenshtein E, Pitcovski J. The effect of haptens on protein-carrier immunogenicity. Immunology 2015; 144:116-26. [PMID: 25041614 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response against hapten is T-cell-dependent, and so requires the uptake, processing and presentation of peptides on MHC class II molecules by antigen-presenting cells to the specific T cell. Some haptens, following conjugation to the available free amines on the surface of the carrier protein, can reduce its immunogenicity. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which this occurs. Four proteins were tested as carriers and six molecules were used as haptens. The immune response to the carrier proteins was reduced > 100-fold by some of the haptens (termed carrier immunogenicity reducing haptens--CIRH), whereas other haptens did not influence the protein immunogenicity (carrier immunogenicity non-reducing haptens--nCIRH). Conjugation of the protein to a CIRH affected protein degradation by lysosomal cathepsins, leading to the generation of peptides that differ in length and sequence from those derived from the same native protein or that protein modified with nCIRH. Injection of CIRH-conjugated protein into mice induced an increase in the population of regulatory T cells. The results of this study provide a putative mechanism of action for the reduction of immune response to haptenated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Gefen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; MIGAL - Galilee Technology Centre, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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Fujiyama T, Oze I, Yagi H, Hashizume H, Matsuo K, Hino R, Kamo R, Imayama S, Hirakawa S, Ito T, Takigawa M, Tokura Y. Induction of cytotoxic T cells as a novel independent survival factor in malignant melanoma with percutaneous peptide immunization. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:43-8. [PMID: 24802712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma (MM) often shows multiple chemo-resistance, leading to poor prognosis of the patients. Therapeutic anti-cancer vaccination may be a feasible way to prolong the survival of patients. We have demonstrated that application of antigenic peptides via the tape-stripped, horny layer-removed skin, known as percutaneous peptide immunization (PPI), induces tumor cell-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in rodents and humans. OBJECTIVE To evaluate clinical significance of PPI in advanced MM patients. METHODS We performed PPI in 59 patients undergoing advanced MM with Melan-A, tyrosinase, MAGE-2, MAGE-3 and gp-100 peptides based on HLA typing in individuals. The induction of CTLs was assessed by the tetramer or pentamer flow cytometry in 35 patients. Patients showing positive CTL responses to all antigens were defined as complete responder (n=18), and those showing negative responses to at least one applied antigen were classified as incomplete responder (n=17). The primary endpoint of the study was overall survival (OS). For statistical analysis, log-rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model were used. RESULTS OS of the complete responders was longer than that of the incomplete responders (median survival time: 55.8 vs 20.3 months, log rank P=0.089). A hazard ratio for the complete responders relative to the incomplete responders was 0.23 (95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.93, P=0.039) in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. CONCLUSION The induction of CTLs was a novel independent survival factor, and the induction of peptide-specific CTLs by PPI contributes to the prolonged survival and represents an impact on therapeutic approaches in MM. Unique trial number: UMIN000005706.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Fujiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yagi
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideo Hashizume
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyusyu University, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hino
- Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Riei Kamo
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takigawa
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
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Rancan F, Amselgruber S, Hadam S, Munier S, Pavot V, Verrier B, Hackbarth S, Combadiere B, Blume-Peytavi U, Vogt A. Particle-based transcutaneous administration of HIV-1 p24 protein to human skin explants and targeting of epidermal antigen presenting cells. J Control Release 2013; 176:115-22. [PMID: 24384300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcutaneous immunization is a promising vaccination strategy for the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. In this study, we investigate the combination of cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping (CSSS) and particle-based antigen delivery to target the HIV-1 p24 protein to skin antigen presenting cells (APC). The CSSS treatment pre-activates skin APC and opens hair follicles, where protein-loaded particles accumulate and allow for sustained delivery of the loaded antigen to perifollicular APC. We found that poly-lactic acid (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) particles targeted the adsorbed HIV-1 p24 protein to the hair follicles. Small amounts of PS and PLA particles were found to translocate to the epidermis and be internalized by skin cells, whereas most of the particles aggregated in the hair follicle canal, where they released the loaded antigen. The p24 protein diffused to the epidermis and dermis and was detected in skin cells, especially in Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. Furthermore, the combination of CSSS and particle-based delivery resulted in activation and maturation of Langerhans cells (HLA-DR, CD80 and CD83). We conclude that particle-based antigen delivery across partially disrupted skin barrier is a feasible and effective approach to needle-free transcutaneous vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Rancan
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sarah Amselgruber
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hadam
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sevérine Munier
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR 5305, CNRS/Université de Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Pavot
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR 5305, CNRS/Université de Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Verrier
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines UMR 5305, CNRS/Université de Lyon, France
| | | | - Behazine Combadiere
- Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC University Paris 06), Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Multi-Compartmental Vaccine Delivery System for Enhanced Immune Response to gp100 Peptide Antigen in Melanoma Immunotherapy. Pharm Res 2012; 29:3393-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0834-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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