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Mellid-Carballal R, Gutierrez-Gutierrez S, Rivas C, Garcia-Fuentes M. Viral protein-based nanoparticles (part 2): Pharmaceutical applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106558. [PMID: 37567394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Viral protein nanoparticles (ViP NPs) such as virus-like particles and virosomes are structures halfway between viruses and synthetic nanoparticles. The biological nature of ViP NPs endows them with the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and functional properties that many synthetic nanoparticles lack. At the same time, the absence of a viral genome avoids the safety concerns of viruses. Such characteristics of ViP NPs offer a myriad of opportunities for theirapplication at several points across disease development: from prophylaxis to diagnosis and treatment. ViP NPs present remarkable immunostimulant properties, and thus the vaccination field has benefited the most from these platforms capable of overcoming the limitations of both traditional and subunit vaccines. This was reflected in the marketing authorization of several VLP- and virosome-based vaccines. Besides, ViP NPs inherit the ability of viruses to deliver their cargo to target cells. Because of that, ViP NPs are promising candidates as vectors for drug and gene delivery, and for diagnostic applications. In this review, we analyze the pharmaceutical applications of ViP NPs, describing the products that are commercially available or under clinical evaluation, but also the advances that scientists are making toward the implementation of ViP NPs in other areas of major pharmaceutical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Mellid-Carballal
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sara Gutierrez-Gutierrez
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Rivas
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Spain
| | - Marcos Garcia-Fuentes
- CiMUS Research Center, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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2
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Nakashima M, Ishikawa K, Fugiwara A, Shu K, Fukushima Y, Okamoto M, Tsukamoto H, Kouwaki T, Oshiumi H. miR-451a levels rather than human papillomavirus vaccine administration is associated with the severity of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9369. [PMID: 33931700 PMCID: PMC8087664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine is currently the most effective prophylaxis to prevent cervical cancer. However, concerns regarding its potential severe adverse reactions have limited the vaccination rate. HPV vaccines have been determined to contain adjuvants which induce inflammation by the innate immune system and are crucial for triggering adaptive immunity. MicroRNA-451a (miR-451a) is located within circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and regulates the innate immune response. In this study, we examined the effect of HPV vaccines and EV miR-451a on murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system. Although HPV vaccine induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and macrophage cell death, it failed to exacerbate mouse EAE, whereas circulating EV miR-451a levels were associated with the severity of EAE. Since miR-451a knockout exhibited only marginal effect on the murine EAE clinical score, our data suggest that miR-451a levels reflect an unknown condition associated with EAE severity. Interestingly, excessive uptake of glucose increased EV miR-451a levels both in vitro and in vivo and also exacerbated mouse EAE. Therefore, environmental factors that increase EV miR-451a levels exacerbate the autoimmune disorder more than the HPV vaccine. These observations provide evidence for the safety of HPV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoka Nakashima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kana Ishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Aika Fugiwara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kaiin Shu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Fukushima
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kouwaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapy by dissolving microneedle patch loaded ovalbumin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220382. [PMID: 31386690 PMCID: PMC6684091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a very suitable organ for the induction of immune responses to vaccine antigens. Antigen delivery systems to the skin by needle and syringe directly deposit the antigen into the epidermal-dermal compartment, one of the most immunocompetent sites due to the presence of professional antigen-presenting cells aimed at the induction of antigen-specific T cells. In this study, we analyzed the amount of ovalbumin as an antigen delivered to the skin by a microneedle. When ovalbumin protein as an antigen was delivered to the skin of mice using a dissolving microneedle, it induced an immune response through the enhanced proliferation and cytokines production by the splenocytes and lymph nodes. Also, it effectively increased the ovalbumin-specific CD8+ T cell and CD4+ T cell population and induced an ovalbumin-specific CTL response against the graft of ovalbumin-expressing EG7 tumor cells in the immunized mice. Also, we identified the inhibition of tumor growth and prevention of tumor formation in the context of the therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine, respectively through EG-7 tumor mouse model. Finally, these data show the potential of patches as attractive antigen delivery vehicles.
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Comparative proteomic study reveals the enhanced immune response with the blockade of interleukin 10 with anti-IL-10 and anti-IL-10 receptor antibodies in human U937 cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213813. [PMID: 30897137 PMCID: PMC6428271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10) at the time of immunisation enhances vaccine induced T cell responses and improves control of tumour cell growth in vivo. However, the effect of an IL-10 blockade on the biological function of macrophages has not been explored. In the current paper, a macrophage precursor cell line, U937 cells, was selected to investigate the differential expression of proteins and relevant cell signalling pathway changes, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of antibodies to IL-10 or IL-10 receptor. We used a quantitative proteomic strategy to investigate variations in protein profiles of U937 cells following the treatments with LPS, LPS plus human anti-IL10 antibody and anti-IL10R antibody in 24hrs, respectively. The LPS treatment significantly activated actin-related cell matrix formation and immune response pathways. The addition of anti-IL10 and anti-IL10R antibody further promoted the immune response and potentially effect macrophage survival through PI3K/AKT signalling; however, the latter appeared to also upregulated oncogene XRCC5 and Cajal body associated processes.
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Ni G, Wang T, Yang L, Wang Y, Liu X, Wei MQ. Combining anaerobic bacterial oncolysis with vaccination that blocks interleukin-10 signaling may achieve better outcomes for late stage cancer management. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:599-606. [PMID: 26367244 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1089008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Late stage solid tumors cause significant cancer mortality rates worldwide and effective therapy remains a big challenge. Cancer therapeutic vaccines elicit tumor specific T cells that kill tumor cells yet often fail to result in tumor destruction because of the limited T cell response and the local immune-suppressive environment. Blocking interleukin 10 (IL-10) signaling at the time of therapeutic vaccination elicits much stronger T cell responses than vaccination without IL-10 blocking. Anaerobic oncolytic bacteria target hypoxic regions of the late stage tumor tissues which not only stops tumor growth but also provides a pro-inflammatory environment that may increase the effectiveness of a therapeutic vaccine by recruiting more effector T cells to tumor site. In this review, we argue that combining both bacterial and vaccine therapies may improve the efficiency of late stage cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Ni
- a School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD , Australia.,d Tangshan Supervision Institute of Health , Tangshan , China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- c Genecology Research Center, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , QLD , Australia
| | - Lin Yang
- f Department of Surgical Oncology , Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Yuejian Wang
- e Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- b Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , QLD , Australia.,e Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Ming Q Wei
- a School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD , Australia
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Ni G, Liao Z, Chen S, Wang T, Yuan J, Pan X, Mounsey K, Cavezza S, Liu X, Wei MQ. Blocking IL-10 signalling at the time of immunization does not increase unwanted side effects in mice. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:40. [PMID: 28810829 PMCID: PMC5557397 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer therapeutic vaccine induced cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses are pivotal for the killing of tumour cells. Blocking interleukin 10 (IL-10) signalling at the time of immunization increases vaccine induced CTL responses and improves prevention of tumour growth in animal models compared to immunization without an IL-10 signalling blockade. Therefore, this immunization strategy may have potential to curtail cancer in a clinical setting. However, IL-10 deficiency leads to autoimmune disease in the gut. Blocking IL-10 at the time of immunization may result in unwanted side effects, especially immune-pathological diseases in the intestine. METHODS We investigated whether blocking IL-10 at the time of immunization results in intestinal inflammation responses in a mouse TC-1 tumour model and in a NOD autoimmune disease prone mouse model. RESULTS We now show that blocking IL-10 at the time of immunization increases IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells in the spleen and draining lymph nodes, and does not result in blood cell infiltration to the intestines leading to intestinal pathological changes. Moreover, immunization with papillomavirus like particles combined with simultaneously blocking IL-10 signalling does not increase the incidence of autoimmune disease in Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that immunization with an IL-10 inhibitor may facilitate the generation of safe, effective therapeutic vaccines against chronic viral infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Ni
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4333 Australia
| | - Zaowen Liao
- Cancer Research Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000 China
| | - Shu Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000 China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Jianwei Yuan
- Molecular diagnosis and Target Therapy Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Xuan Pan
- Molecular diagnosis and Target Therapy Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Kate Mounsey
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Shelley Cavezza
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000 China
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558 Australia
- Molecular diagnosis and Target Therapy Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Ming Q. Wei
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4333 Australia
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7
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Choi YJ, Park JS. Clinical significance of human papillomavirus genotyping. J Gynecol Oncol 2016; 27:e21. [PMID: 26768784 PMCID: PMC4717226 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2016.27.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide, and the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causative agent for its development. HPV is a heterogeneous virus, and a persistent infection with a high-risk HPV contributes to the development of cancer. In recent decades, great advances have been made in understanding the molecular biology of HPV, and HPV’s significance in cervical cancer prevention and management has received increased attention. In this review, we discuss the role of HPV genotyping in cervical cancer by addressing: clinically important issues in HPV virology; the current application of HPV genotyping in clinical medicine; and potential future uses for HPV genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Sup Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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9
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Pouniotis D, Tang CK, Apostolopoulos V, Pietersz G. Vaccine delivery by penetratin: mechanism of antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Immunol Res 2016; 64:887-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Chen S, Ni G, Wu X, Zhu B, Liao Z, Wang Y, Liu X. Blocking IL-10 signalling at the time of immunization renders the tumour more accessible to T cell infiltration in mice. Cell Immunol 2015; 300:9-17. [PMID: 26607604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that blockade of IL-10 signalling at the time of a human papillomavirus (HPV) long E7 peptide/LPS immunization leads to the regression of established HPV-16 immortalized tumours in mice similar to that induced by long E7 peptide/incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA)-based vaccination. In this paper, we demonstrated that blockade of IL-10 signalling at the time of long E7 peptide/LPS could elicit stronger T cells responses and render the tumour more accessible for immune cell infiltration than vaccination with long E7 peptide/IFA. Furthermore, priming with long E7 peptide/LPS and IL10 signalling blockade then boosting with long E7 peptide/IFA elicits stronger CD8+ T cell responses than long E7 peptide/IFA immunization. The results suggest that priming with long E7 peptide/LPS and IL10 signalling inhibitor, then boosting with long E7 peptide/IFA elicits may lead to better HPV infection related tumour regression in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Guoying Ni
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Xiaolian Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Zaowen Liao
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Yuejian Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia.
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11
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Between 2006 and 2009, two different human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccines were licensed for use: a quadrivalent (qHPVv) and a bivalent (bHPVv) vaccine. Since 2008, HPV vaccination programmes have been implemented in the majority of the industrialized countries. Since 2013, HPV vaccination has been part of the national programs of 66 countries including almost all countries in North America and Western Europe. Despite all the efforts made by individual countries, coverage rates are lower than expected. Vaccine safety represents one of the main concerns associated with the lack of acceptance of HPV vaccination both in the European Union/European Economic Area and elsewhere. AREAS COVERED Safety data published on bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines, both in pre-licensure and post-licensure phase, are reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Based on the latest scientific evidence, both HPV vaccines seem to be safe. Nevertheless, public concern and rumors about adverse events (AE) represent an important barrier to overcome in order to increase vaccine coverage. Passive surveillance of AEs is an important tool for detecting safety signals, but it should be complemented by activities aimed at assessing the real cause of all suspect AEs. Improved vaccine safety surveillance is the first step for effective communication based on scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Stillo
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric sciences, University of Turin
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12
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Bissa M, Zanotto C, Pacchioni S, Volonté L, Venuti A, Lembo D, De Giuli Morghen C, Radaelli A. The L1 protein of human papilloma virus 16 expressed by a fowlpox virus recombinant can assemble into virus-like particles in mammalian cell lines but elicits a non-neutralising humoral response. Antiviral Res 2015; 116:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ni G, Wang T, Walton S, Zhu B, Chen S, Wu X, Wang Y, Wei MQ, Liu X. Manipulating IL-10 signalling blockade for better immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:126-9. [PMID: 25596475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 10 is a cytokine with the ability to reduce or terminate inflammation. Chronic viral infection, such as infection of chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV, has increased levels of interleukin 10 in peripheral blood. Serum IL-10 levels are also high in certain cancers. Blocking IL-10 signalling at the time of immunisation clears chronic viral infection and prevents tumour growth in animal models. We review recent advances in this area, with the emphasis on potential use of this novel strategy to treat chronic viral infection and cancer in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Ni
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Genecology Research Centre, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs 4556, QLD, Australia
| | - Shelley Walton
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs 4556, Australia
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xiaolian Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Yuejian Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Ming Q Wei
- School of Medical Science, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs 4556, Australia; Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
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Abstract
The successful human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus subunit vaccines contain single viral proteins that represent 22 and 12%, respectively, of the antigens encoded by these tiny viruses. The herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) genome is >20 times larger. Thus, a single protein subunit represents 1% of HSV-2's total antigenic breadth. Antigenic breadth may explain why HSV-2 glycoprotein subunit vaccines have failed in clinical trials, and why live HSV-2 vaccines that express 99% of HSV-2's proteome may be more effective. I review the mounting evidence that live HSV-2 vaccines offer a greater opportunity to stop the spread of genital herpes, and I consider the unfounded 'safety concerns' that have kept live HSV-2 vaccines out of U.S. clinical trials for 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Halford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA
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van der Maaden K, Varypataki EM, Romeijn S, Ossendorp F, Jiskoot W, Bouwstra J. Ovalbumin-coated pH-sensitive microneedle arrays effectively induce ovalbumin-specific antibody and T-cell responses in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Tassi I, Claudio E, Wang H, Tang W, Ha HL, Saret S, Ramaswamy M, Siegel R, Siebenlist U. The NF-κB regulator Bcl-3 governs dendritic cell antigen presentation functions in adaptive immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4303-11. [PMID: 25246497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-3 is an atypical member of the IκB family and modulates gene expression via interaction with p50/NF-κB1 or p52/NF-κB2 homodimers. We report in the present study that Bcl-3 is required in dendritic cells (DCs) to assure effective priming of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Lack of Bcl-3 in bone marrow-derived DCs blunted their ability to expand and promote effector functions of T cells upon Ag/adjuvant challenge in vitro and after adoptive transfers in vivo. Importantly, the critical role of Bcl-3 for priming of T cells was exposed upon Ag/adjuvant challenge of mice specifically ablated of Bcl-3 in DCs. Furthermore, Bcl-3 in endogenous DCs was necessary for contact hypersensitivity responses. Bcl-3 modestly aided maturation of DCs, but most consequentially, Bcl-3 promoted their survival, partially inhibiting expression of several antiapoptotic genes. Loss of Bcl-3 accelerated apoptosis of bone marrow-derived DCs during Ag presentation to T cells, and DC survival was markedly impaired in the context of inflammatory conditions in mice specifically lacking Bcl-3 in these cells. Conversely, selective overexpression of Bcl-3 in DCs extended their lifespan in vitro and in vivo, correlating with increased capacity to prime T cells. These results expose a previously unidentified function for Bcl-3 in DC survival and the generation of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Estefania Claudio
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Hongshan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Wanhu Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Hye-lin Ha
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Sun Saret
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Madhu Ramaswamy
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ulrich Siebenlist
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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Abstract
Scabies is an infectious disease that is endemic in poorly resourced communities, and also common in industrialized countries. Although the disease, which is caused by infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei, is generally mild, the need for a vaccine against S. scabiei is proposed. The immunological mechanisms that control S. scabiei infection are discussed and the current status of scabies vaccine development reviewed. Future directions for scabies vaccine development are also addressed.
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Conesa-Zamora P. Immune responses against virus and tumor in cervical carcinogenesis: Treatment strategies for avoiding the HPV-induced immune escape. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 131:480-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Macartney KK, Chiu C, Georgousakis M, Brotherton JML. Safety of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines: A Review. Drug Saf 2013; 36:393-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-013-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dong JC, Kobinger GP. Hypothesis driven development of new adjuvants: short peptides as immunomodulators. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:808-11. [PMID: 23563510 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, vaccinations have been one of the key strategies in the prevention and protection against infectious pathogens. Traditional vaccines have well-known limitations such as safety and efficacy issues, which consequently deems it inappropriate for particular populations and may not be an effective strategy against all pathogens. This evidence highlights the need to develop more efficacious vaccination regiments. Higher levels of protection can be achieved by the addition of immunostimulating adjuvants. Many adjuvants elicit strong, undefined inflammation, which produces increased immunogenicity but may also lead to undesirable effects. Hypothesis driven development of adjuvants is needed to achieve a more specific and directed immune response required for optimal and safe vaccine-induced immune protection. An example of such hypothesis driven development includes the use of short immunomodulating peptides as adjuvants. These peptides have the ability to influence the immune response and can be extrapolated for adjuvant use, but requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Dong
- Special Pathogens Program; National Microbiology Laboratory; Public Health Agency of Canada; Winnipeg, MB Canada; Department of Immunology; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg, MB Canada
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Lee HJ, Hur YK, Cho YD, Kim MG, Lee HT, Oh YK, Kim YB. Immunogenicity of bivalent human papillomavirus DNA vaccine using human endogenous retrovirus envelope-coated baculoviral vectors in mice and pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50296. [PMID: 23209698 PMCID: PMC3507738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus is known to be the major pathogen of cervical cancer. Here, we report the efficacy of a bivalent human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 DNA vaccine system following repeated dosing in mice and pigs using a recombinant baculovirus bearing human endogenous retrovirus envelope protein (AcHERV) as a vector. The intramuscular administration of AcHERV-based HPV16L1 and HPV18L1 DNA vaccines induced antigen-specific serum IgG, vaginal IgA, and neutralizing antibodies to levels comparable to those achieved using the commercially marketed vaccine Cervarix. Similar to Cervarix, AcHERV-based bivalent vaccinations completely blocked subsequent vaginal challenge with HPV type-specific pseudovirions. However, AcHERV-based bivalent vaccinations induced significantly higher cell-mediated immune responses than Cervarix, promoting 4.5- (HPV16L1) and 3.9-(HPV18L1) fold higher interferon-γ production in splenocytes upon stimulation with antigen type-specific pseudovirions. Repeated dosing did not affect the immunogenicity of AcHERV DNA vaccines. Three sequential immunizations with AcHERV-HP18L1 DNA vaccine followed by three repeated dosing with AcHERV-HP16L1 over 11 weeks induced an initial production of anti-HPV18L1 antibody followed by subsequent induction of anti-HPV16L1 antibody. Finally, AcHERV-based bivalent DNA vaccination induced antigen-specific serum IgG immune responses in pigs. These results support the further development of AcHERV as a bivalent human papillomavirus DNA vaccine system for use in preventing the viral infection as well as treating the infected women by inducing both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Moreover, the possibility of repeated dosing indicates the utility of AcHERV system for reusable vectors of other viral pathogen vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Lee
- College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Ki Hur
- College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn-Dong Cho
- College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Gyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon-Taek Lee
- College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (Y-KO); (YBK)
| | - Young Bong Kim
- College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (Y-KO); (YBK)
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Chan PKS, Picconi MA, Cheung TH, Giovannelli L, Park JS. Laboratory and clinical aspects of human papillomavirus testing. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2012; 49:117-36. [PMID: 22913405 PMCID: PMC3469219 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2012.707174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with a wide spectrum of disease that ranges from self-limited skin warts to life-threatening cancers. Since HPV plays a necessary etiological role in cervical cancer, it is logical to use HPV as a marker for early detection of cervical cancer and precancer. Recent advances in technology enable the development of high-throughput HPV assays of different formats, including DNA-based, mRNA-based, high-risk group-specific and type-specific methods. The ultimate goal of these assays is to improve the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of cervical screening programs. HPV testing has several potential advantages compared to cytology-based screening. However, since the cancer to transient infection ratio is always low in the general population, HPV test results are bound to have a low positive predictive value that may subject women to unnecessary follow-up investigations. The wide-spread administration of prophylactic HPV vaccine will substantially decrease the incidence of cancer and precancer. This poses a number of challenges to cytology-based screening, and the role of HPV testing is expected to increase. Finally, apart from technical and cost-effectiveness considerations, one should also keep in mind the psycho-social impact of using sexually-transmitted agents as a marker for cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China.
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Zanotto C, Pozzi E, Pacchioni S, Bissa M, De Giuli Morghen C, Radaelli A. Construction and characterisation of a recombinant fowlpox virus that expresses the human papilloma virus L1 protein. J Transl Med 2011; 9:190. [PMID: 22053827 PMCID: PMC3231814 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 is the most prevalent high-risk mucosal genotype. Virus-like-particle (VLP)-based immunogens developed recently have proven to be successful as prophylactic HPV vaccines, but are still too expensive for developing countries. Although vaccinia viruses expressing the HPV-16 L1 protein (HPV-L1) have been studied, fowlpox-based recombinants represent efficient and safer vectors for immunocompromised hosts due to their ability to elicit a complete immune response and their natural host-range restriction to avian species. METHODS A new fowlpox virus recombinant encoding HPV-L1 (FPL1) was engineered and evaluated for the correct expression of HPV-L1 in vitro, using RT-PCR, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR assays. RESULTS The FPL1 recombinant correctly expresses HPV-L1 in mammalian cells, which are non-permissive for the replication of this vector. CONCLUSION This FPL1 recombinant represents an appropriate immunogen for expression of HPV-L1 in human cells. The final aim is to develop a safe, immunogenic, and less expensive prophylactic vaccine against HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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