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Zhang C, Xiong Y, Zeng L, Peng Z, Liu Z, Zhan H, Yang Z. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Viral Myocarditis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:312. [PMID: 32754448 PMCID: PMC7343704 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a disease characterized as myocardial parenchyma or interstitium inflammation caused by virus infection, especially Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, which has no accurate non-invasive examination for diagnosis and specific drugs for treatment. The mechanism of CVB3-induced VMC may be related to direct myocardial damage of virus infection and extensive damage of abnormal immune response after infection. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) refers to RNA that is not translated into protein and plays a vital role in many biological processes. There is expanding evidence to reveal that ncRNAs regulate the occurrence and development of VMC, which may provide new treatment or diagnosis targets. In this review, we mainly demonstrate an overview of the potential role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of CVB3-induced VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijin Zeng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Peng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
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Soper A, Kimura I, Nagaoka S, Konno Y, Yamamoto K, Koyanagi Y, Sato K. Type I Interferon Responses by HIV-1 Infection: Association with Disease Progression and Control. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1823. [PMID: 29379496 PMCID: PMC5775519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its infection leads to the onset of several disorders such as the depletion of peripheral CD4+ T cells and immune activation. HIV-1 is recognized by innate immune sensors that then trigger the production of type I interferons (IFN-Is). IFN-Is are well-known cytokines eliciting broad anti-viral effects by inducing the expression of anti-viral genes called interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Extensive in vitro studies using cell culture systems have elucidated that certain ISGs such as APOBEC3G, tetherin, SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1, MX dynamin-like GTPase 2, guanylate-binding protein 5, and schlafen 11 exert robust anti-HIV-1 activity, suggesting that IFN-I responses triggered by HIV-1 infection are detrimental for viral replication and spread. However, recent studies using animal models have demonstrated that at both the acute and chronic phase of infection, the role of IFN-Is produced by HIV or SIV infection in viral replication, spread, and pathogenesis, may not be that straightforward. In this review, we describe the pluses and minuses of HIV-1 infection stimulated IFN-I responses on viral replication and pathogenesis, and further discuss the possibility for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Soper
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shumpei Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoriyuki Konno
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Koyanagi
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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Corsten MF, Heggermont W, Papageorgiou AP, Deckx S, Tijsma A, Verhesen W, van Leeuwen R, Carai P, Thibaut HJ, Custers K, Summer G, Hazebroek M, Verheyen F, Neyts J, Schroen B, Heymans S. The microRNA-221/-222 cluster balances the antiviral and inflammatory response in viral myocarditis. Eur Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Viral myocarditis (VM) is an important cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death in young healthy adults; it is also an aetiological precursor of dilated cardiomyopathy. We explored the role of the miR-221/-222 family that is up-regulated in VM.
Methods and results
Here, we show that microRNA-221 (miR-221) and miR-222 levels are significantly elevated during acute VM caused by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Both miRs are expressed by different cardiac cells and by infiltrating inflammatory cells, but their up-regulation upon myocarditis is mostly exclusive for the cardiomyocyte. Systemic inhibition of miR-221/-222 in mice increased cardiac viral load, prolonged the viraemic state, and strongly aggravated cardiac injury and inflammation. Similarly, in vitro, overexpression of miR-221 and miR-222 inhibited enteroviral replication, whereas knockdown of this miR-cluster augmented viral replication. We identified and confirmed a number of miR-221/-222 targets that co-orchestrate the increased viral replication and inflammation, including ETS1/2, IRF2, BCL2L11, TOX, BMF, and CXCL12. In vitro inhibition of IRF2, TOX, or CXCL12 in cardiomyocytes significantly dampened their inflammatory response to CVB3 infection, confirming the functionality of these targets in VM and highlighting the importance of miR-221/-222 as regulators of the cardiac response to VM.
Conclusions
The miR-221/-222 cluster orchestrates the antiviral and inflammatory immune response to viral infection of the heart. Its inhibition increases viral load, inflammation, and overall cardiac injury upon VM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten F Corsten
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Ward Heggermont
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Service of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Anna-Pia Papageorgiou
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sophie Deckx
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Aloys Tijsma
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Wouter Verhesen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Rick van Leeuwen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Carai
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Hendrik-Jan Thibaut
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Kevin Custers
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Summer
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Hazebroek
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Fons Verheyen
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Maastricht University, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Blanche Schroen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht AZ-6202, The Netherlands
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Research, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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