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Tsai CY, Oo M, Peh JH, Yeo BCM, Aptekmann A, Lee B, Liu JJJ, Tsao WS, Dick T, Fink K, Gengenbacher M. Splenic marginal zone B cells restrict Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by shaping the cytokine pattern and cell-mediated immunity. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114426. [PMID: 38959109 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of B cells in tuberculosis (TB) is crucial for developing new TB vaccines. However, the changes in B cell immune landscapes during TB and their functional implications remain incompletely explored. Using high-dimensional flow cytometry to map the immune landscape in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, our results show an accumulation of marginal zone B (MZB) cells and other unconventional B cell subsets in the lungs and spleen, shaping an unconventional B cell landscape. These MZB cells exhibit activated and memory-like phenotypes, distinguishing their functional profiles from those of conventional B cells. Notably, functional studies show that MZB cells produce multiple cytokines and contribute to systemic protection against TB by shaping cytokine patterns and cell-mediated immunity. These changes in the immune landscape are reversible upon successful TB chemotherapy. Our study suggests that, beyond antibody production, targeting the regulatory function of B cells may be a valuable strategy for TB vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Tsai
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Myo Oo
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Jih Hou Peh
- Biosafety Level 3 Core, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Level 15, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), NUS, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C M Yeo
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Level 2, Blk MD4, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Ariel Aptekmann
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research, Biopolis, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4, Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Centre for Biomedical Informatics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove #05-13, Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Joe J J Liu
- Biosafety Level 3 Core, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Level 15, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), NUS, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wen-Shan Tsao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Thomas Dick
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research, Biopolis, 8A Biomedical Grove, Level 3 & 4, Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA; Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA.
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Qin Y, Wang Q, Shi J. Immune checkpoint modulating T cells and NK cells response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127393. [PMID: 37182283 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Many subversive mechanisms promote the occurrence and development of chronic infectious diseases and cancer, among which the down-regulated expression of immune-activating receptors and the enhanced expression of immune-inhibitory receptors accelerate the occurrence and progression of the disease. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of tumors in multiple organs. However, the expression of immune checkpoint molecules on natural killer (NK) cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and its impact on NK cell effector functions have been poorly studied. In this review, we focus on what is currently known about the expression of various immune checkpoints in NK cells following Mtb infection and how it alters NK cell-mediated host cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. Unraveling the function of NK cells after the infection of host cells by Mtb is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the innate immune mechanism of NK cells involved in tuberculosis and the evaluation of the efficacy of immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat tuberculosis. In view of some similarities in the immune characteristics of T cells and NK cells, we reviewed the molecular mechanism of the interaction between T cells and Mtb, which can help us to further understand and explore the specific interaction mechanism between NK cells and Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Qin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, No. 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Qinglan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No. 20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, China
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Rajamanickam A, Munisankar S, Dolla C, Menon PA, Nutman TB, Babu S. Helminth Coinfection Alters Monocyte Activation, Polarization, and Function in Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1274-1286. [PMID: 31953351 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections are known to influence T and B cell responses in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Whether helminth infections also modulate monocyte responses in helminth-LTBI coinfection has not been fully explored. To this end, we examined the activation, polarization, and function of human monocytes isolated from individuals with LTBI with (n = 25) or without (n = 25) coincident Strongyloides stercoralis infection (S. stercoralis-positive and S. stercoralis-negative respectively). Our data reveal that the presence of S. stercoralis infection is associated with lower frequencies of monocytes expressing CD54, CD80, CD86 at baseline (absence of stimulation) and in response to mycobacterial-Ag stimulation than monocytes from S. stercoralis-negative individuals. In contrast, S. stercoralis infection was associated with higher frequencies of M2-like monocytes, as determined by expression of CD206 and CD163. Monocytes from S. stercoralis-positive individuals had a reduced capacity to phagocytose or exhibit respiratory burst activity following mycobacterial-Ag or LPS stimulation and were less capable of expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 at baseline and/or following Ag stimulation compared with those without S. stercoralis infection. In addition, definitive treatment of S. stercoralis infection resulted in a significant reversal of the altered monocyte function 6 mo after anthelmintic therapy. Finally, T cells from S. stercoralis-positive individuals exhibited significantly lower activation at baseline or following mycobacterial-Ag stimulation. Therefore, our data highlight the induction of dampened monocyte activation, enhanced M2 polarization, and impaired monocyte function in helminth-LTBI coinfection. Our data also reveal a different mechanism by which helminth infection modulates immune function in LTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Rajamanickam
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600031, India
| | - Saravanan Munisankar
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600031, India
| | - Chandrakumar Dolla
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600031, India; and
| | - Pradeep A Menon
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai 600031, India; and
| | - Thomas B Nutman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai 600031, India; .,Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Genetic association between CD86 polymorphisms and the risk of sepsis in a Chinese Han population. Hum Immunol 2018; 79:817-820. [PMID: 30343689 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that is frequently observed after injury or infection, representing a leading cause of mortality worldwide. CD86 (B7-2) is a co-stimulatory molecule on antigen-presenting cells, and plays critical roles in immune responses. METHODS A total of 135 sepsis patients and 151 healthy controls were recruited in the current case-control study. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) conformity was examined to assess the representativeness of the study population. CD86 gene polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The relative expression of CD86 mRNA was estimated via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Chi-square test was performed to estimate the associations between CD86 gene polymorphisms and sepsis risk, and the results were presented through odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS The genotype distributions of CD86 polymorphisms in the case and control groups conformed to HWE. The GA genotype of the polymorphism rs1129055 was significantly correlated with an increased risk of sepsis (OR = 2.540, 95%CI = 1.288-5.008). The TT genotype of rs1915087 was a risk factor for sepsis (OR = 2.769, 95%CI = 1.292-5.935). High linkage disequilibrium was observed between the two polymorphisms (D' = 1.0, r2 = 0.955). However, no significant association was observed between CD86 polymorphisms and its gene expressions (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION CD86 gene polymorphisms rs1129055 and rs1915087 may increase the risk of sepsis.
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Parlato S, Chiacchio T, Salerno D, Petrone L, Castiello L, Romagnoli G, Canini I, Goletti D, Gabriele L. Impaired IFN-α-mediated signal in dendritic cells differentiates active from latent tuberculosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189477. [PMID: 29320502 PMCID: PMC5761858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may be infected and remain for the entire life in this condition defined as latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) or develop active tuberculosis (TB). Among the multiple factors governing the outcome of the infection, dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in dictating antibacterial immunity. However, current knowledge on the role of the diverse components of human DCs in shaping specific T-cell response during Mtb infection is limited. In this study, we performed a comparative evaluation of peripheral blood circulating DC subsets as well as of monocyte-derived Interferon-α DCs (IFN-DCs) from patients with active TB, subjects with LTBI and healthy donors (HD). The proportion of circulating myeloid BDCA3+ DCs (mDC2) and plasmacytoid CD123+ DCs (pDCs) declined significantly in active TB patients compared to HD, whereas the same subsets displayed a remarkable activation in LTBI subjects. Simultaneously, the differentiation of IFN-DCs from active TB patients resulted profoundly impaired compared to those from LTBI and HD individuals. Importantly, the altered developmental trait of IFN-DCs from active TB patients was associated with down-modulation of IFN-linked genes, marked changes in molecular signaling conveying antigen (Ag) presentation and full inability to induce Ag-specific T cell response. Thus, these data reveal an important role of IFN-α in determining the induction of Mtb-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Parlato
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Chiacchio
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Salerno
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Romagnoli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Canini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (LG); (DG)
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (LG); (DG)
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6
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Schaller MA, Allen RM, Kimura S, Day CL, Kunkel SL. Systemic Expression of Notch Ligand Delta-Like 4 during Mycobacterial Infection Alters the T Cell Immune Response. Front Immunol 2016; 7:527. [PMID: 27933064 PMCID: PMC5121470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch ligand delta-like 4 (DLL4) is known to fine-tune the CD4+ T cell cytokine response. DLL4 is expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in a MyD88-dependent manner. We found that DLL4 expression was upregulated on bone marrow progenitor cells and APCs in mice infected with BCG Mycobacterium. Transfer of DLL4+ progenitor cells from infected hosts resulted in an increase DLL4+ myeloid cells in the spleen, indicating that expression of the dll4 gene is propagated throughout hematopoiesis. We also found an increase in DLL4+ monocytes from individuals who were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In latent individuals, DLL4 expression correlated with increased cytokine production from T cells in response to PPD stimulation. Finally, antibody blockade of DLL4 reduced T cell cytokine production from naïve T cells stimulated with antigen. These results demonstrate that the Notch ligand DLL4 can influence T cell cytokine production in both humans and mice, and further reveal that expression of DLL4 is upregulated on early hematopoietic progenitors in response to chronic mycobacterial infection. These data suggest that widespread DLL4 expression may occur as a result of mycobacterial infection, and that this expression may alter CD4+ T cell responses to both previously encountered and novel antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Schaller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Ronald M Allen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Soichiro Kimura
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Cheryl L Day
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
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Shatzkes K, Singleton E, Tang C, Zuena M, Shukla S, Gupta S, Dharani S, Onyile O, Rinaggio J, Connell ND, Kadouri DE. Predatory Bacteria Attenuate Klebsiella pneumoniae Burden in Rat Lungs. mBio 2016; 7:e01847-16. [PMID: 27834203 PMCID: PMC5101354 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01847-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus are predatory bacteria that naturally-and obligately-prey on other Gram-negative bacteria, and their use has been proposed as a potential new approach to control microbial infection. The ability of predatory bacteria to prey on Gram-negative human pathogens in vitro is well documented; however, the in vivo safety and efficacy of predatory bacteria have yet to be fully assessed. In this study, we examined whether predatory bacteria can reduce bacterial burden in the lungs in an in vivo mammalian system. Initial safety studies were performed by intranasal inoculation of rats with predatory bacteria. No adverse effects or lung pathology were observed in rats exposed to high concentrations of predatory bacteria at up to 10 days postinoculation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the immune response revealed a slight increase in inflammatory cytokine levels at 1 h postinoculation that was not sustained by 48 h. Additionally, dissemination experiments showed that predators were efficiently cleared from the host by 10 days postinoculation. To measure the ability of predatory bacteria to reduce microbial burden in vivo, we introduced sublethal concentrations of Klebsiella pneumoniae into the lungs of rats via intranasal inoculation and followed with multiple doses of predatory bacteria over 24 h. Predatory bacteria were able to reduce K. pneumoniae bacterial burden, on average, by more than 3.0 log10 in the lungs of most rats as measured by CFU plating. The work presented here provides further support for the idea of developing predatory bacteria as a novel biocontrol agent. IMPORTANCE A widely held notion is that antibiotics are the greatest medical advance of the last 50 years. However, the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections has become a global health crisis over the last decade. As we enter the postantibiotic era, it is crucial that we begin to develop new strategies to combat bacterial infection. Here, we report one such new approach: the use of predatory bacteria (Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus) that naturally-and obligately-prey on other Gram-negative bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated the ability of predatory bacteria to attenuate the bacterial burden of a key human pathogen in an in vivo mammalian system. As the prevalence of MDR infections continues to rise each year, our results may represent a shift in how we approach treating microbial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Shatzkes
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Eric Singleton
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chi Tang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michael Zuena
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sean Shukla
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sonal Dharani
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Onoyom Onyile
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Joseph Rinaggio
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nancy D Connell
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel E Kadouri
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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8
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1,25 (OH) 2D 3 treatment alters the granulomatous response in M. tuberculosis infected mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34469. [PMID: 27698450 PMCID: PMC5048147 DOI: 10.1038/srep34469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of cathelicidin-mediated antimicrobial pathway against intracellular M. tuberculosis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active form of vitamin D, has been documented in vitro. However, in in vivo studies related to inflammatory disorders, 1,25(OH)2D3 has been demonstrated to induce an anti-inflammatory response. We therefore examined whether in the murine model of tuberculosis, the anti-inflammatory effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 would affect the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection. We show here that administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 to M. tuberculosis infected mice led to a change in lung granuloma architecture, characterized by a marked decrease in B cell lymphocytic aggregates. Consistent with the altered granulomas, 1,25(OH)2D3-treated mice also exhibited significantly higher bacterial burden in the lungs compared to the control group. These findings highlight the need to further investigate the effect of vitamin D on host immunity to M. tuberculosis in the context of the granulomatous response.
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9
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Jabot-Hanin F, Cobat A, Feinberg J, Grange G, Remus N, Poirier C, Boland-Auge A, Besse C, Bustamante J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL, Schurr E, Alcaïs A, Hoal EG, Delacourt C, Abel L. Major Loci on Chromosomes 8q and 3q Control Interferon γ Production Triggered by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and 6-kDa Early Secretory Antigen Target, Respectively, in Various Populations. J Infect Dis 2015; 213:1173-9. [PMID: 26690346 PMCID: PMC4779307 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Interferon γ (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRAs) provide an in vitro measurement of antimycobacterial immunity that is widely used as a test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. IGRA outcomes are highly heritable in various populations, but the nature of the involved genetic factors remains unknown. Methods. We conducted a genome-wide linkage analysis of IGRA phenotypes in families from a tuberculosis household contact study in France and a replication study in families from South Africa to confirm the loci identified. Results. We identified a major locus on chromosome 8q controlling IFN-γ production in response to stimulation with live bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG; LOD score, 3.81; P = 1.40 × 10−5). We also detected a second locus, on chromosome 3q, that controlled IFN-γ levels in response to stimulation with 6-kDa early secretory antigen target, when accounting for the IFN-γ production shared with that induced by BCG (LOD score, 3.72; P = 1.8 × 10−5). Both loci were replicated in South African families, where tuberculosis is hyperendemic. These loci differ from those previously identified as controlling the response to the tuberculin skin test (TST1 and TST2) and the production of TNF-α (TNF1). Conclusions. The identification of 2 new linkage signals in populations of various ethnic origins living in different M. tuberculosis exposure settings provides new clues about the genetic control of human antimycobacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Jacqueline Feinberg
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Ghislain Grange
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Natascha Remus
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Christine Poirier
- Centre de Lutte Anti-Tuberculeuse, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil
| | - Anne Boland-Auge
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Céline Besse
- Centre National de Génotypage, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York
| | - Erwin Schurr
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Alcaïs
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University
| | - Eileen G Hoal
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | | | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163 Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Imagine Institute St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University
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10
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Examining the safety of respiratory and intravenous inoculation of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12899. [PMID: 26250699 PMCID: PMC4528228 DOI: 10.1038/srep12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bdellovibrio spp. and Micavibrio spp. are Gram-negative predators that feed on other Gram-negative bacteria, making predatory bacteria potential alternatives to antibiotics for treating multi-drug resistant infections. While the ability of predatory bacteria to control bacterial infections in vitro is well documented, the in vivo effect of predators on a living host has yet to be extensively examined. In this study, respiratory and intravenous inoculations were used to determine the effects of predatory bacteria in mice. We found no reduction in mouse viability after intranasal or intravenous inoculation of B. bacteriovorus 109J, HD100 or M. aeruginosavorus. Introducing predators into the respiratory tract of mice provoked a modest inflammatory response at 1 hour post-exposure, but was not sustained at 24 hours, as measured by RT-qPCR and ELISA. Intravenous injection caused an increase of IL-6 in the kidney and spleen, TNF in the liver and CXCL-1/KC in the blood at 3 hours post-exposure, returning to baseline levels by 18 hours. Histological analysis of tissues showed no pathological changes due to predatory bacteria. Furthermore, qPCR detected predators were cleared from the host quickly and efficiently. This work addresses some of the safety concerns regarding the potential use of predatory bacteria as a live antibiotic.
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11
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Radioiodinated DPA-713 imaging correlates with bactericidal activity of tuberculosis treatments in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:642-9. [PMID: 25403669 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04180-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current tools for monitoring response to tuberculosis treatments have several limitations. Noninvasive biomarkers could accelerate tuberculosis drug development and clinical studies, but to date little progress has been made in developing new imaging technologies for this application. In this study, we developed pulmonary single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using radioiodinated DPA-713 to serially monitor the activity of tuberculosis treatments in live mice, which develop necrotic granulomas and cavitary lesions. C3HeB/FeJ mice were aerosol infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and administered either a standard or a highly active bedaquiline-containing drug regimen. Serial (125)I-DPA-713 SPECT imaging was compared with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and standard microbiology. Ex vivo studies were performed to characterize and correlate DPA-713 imaging with cellular and cytokine responses. Pulmonary (125)I-DPA-713 SPECT, but not (18)F-FDG PET, was able to correctly identify the bactericidal activities of the two tuberculosis treatments as early as 4 weeks after the start of treatment (P < 0.03). DPA-713 readily penetrated the fibrotic rims of necrotic and cavitary lesions. A time-dependent decrease in both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels was observed with treatments, with (125)I-DPA-713 SPECT correlating best with tissue TNF-α levels (ρ = 0.94; P < 0.01). (124)I-DPA-713 was also evaluated as a PET probe and demonstrated a 4.0-fold-higher signal intensity in the infected tuberculous lesions than uninfected controls (P = 0.03). These studies provide proof of concept for application of a novel noninvasive imaging biomarker to monitor tuberculosis treatments, with the potential for application for humans.
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Orchestration of pulmonary T cell immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: immunity interruptus. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:559-77. [PMID: 25311810 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the introduction almost a century ago of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG), an attenuated form of M. bovis that is used as a vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis remains a global health threat and kills more than 1.5 million people each year. This is mostly because BCG fails to prevent pulmonary disease--the contagious form of tuberculosis. Although there have been significant advances in understanding how the immune system responds to infection, the qualities that define protective immunity against M. tuberculosis remain poorly characterized. The ability to predict who will maintain control over the infection and who will succumb to clinical disease would revolutionize our approach to surveillance, control, and treatment. Here we review the current understanding of pulmonary T cell responses following M. tuberculosis infection. While infection elicits a strong immune response that contains infection, M. tuberculosis evades eradication. Traditionally, its intracellular lifestyle and alteration of macrophage function are viewed as the dominant mechanisms of evasion. Now we appreciate that chronic inflammation leads to T cell dysfunction. While this may arise as the host balances the goals of bacterial sterilization and avoidance of tissue damage, it is becoming clear that T cell dysfunction impairs host resistance. Defining the mechanisms that lead to T cell dysfunction is crucial as memory T cell responses are likely to be subject to the same subject to the same pressures. Thus, success of T cell based vaccines is predicated on memory T cells avoiding exhaustion while at the same time not promoting overt tissue damage.
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Hu S, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Jin D, Zhang X, Gu S, Jia H, Chen X, Zhang Z, Jin Q, Ke Y, Liu H. Growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated binder 2, a scaffolding adaptor protein, negatively regulates host immunity against tuberculosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:575-85. [PMID: 24805943 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0329oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity is indispensable for host protection against tuberculosis (TB). Growth factor receptor bound protein 2-associated binder (Gab) 2, a scaffolding adaptor protein, negatively regulates signaling pathways critical for T cell-mediated immunity. We sought to investigate the clinical significance and immunological role of Gab2 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We evaluated Gab2 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human patients with pulmonary TB and determined the correlation of the mRNA expression pattern with antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion. Subsequently, we carried out M. tuberculosis infection in Gab2-deficient and wild-type control mice to explore the immunological role of Gab2 by examining bacterial load, histological changes, cytokine secretion, and gene expression of immune-associated transcription factors. mRNA levels of Gab2 and its correlated family member, Gab1, were markedly decreased in untreated patients with pulmonary TB compared with healthy control subjects. Importantly, this decreased Gab2 expression to normal levels after bacterial load in the patient's sputum became undetectable under the standard anti-TB treatment, which negatively correlated with the level of M. tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion. In the M. tuberculosis infection mouse model, infected Gab2-deficient mice exhibited decreased bacterial load and milder lung pathological damage compared with infected wild-type mice, accompanied by decreased production of IL-2, IL-6, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor proinflammatory cytokines, and an increased T-cell-specific T-box transcription factor/GATA binding protein 3 expression ratio. Overall, our study indicates that down-regulation of Gab2 relates to a protective function during M. tuberculosis infection, revealing a potential negative regulatory role for Gab2 in immunity to TB.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Bacterial Load
- Case-Control Studies
- Disease Models, Animal
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
- Phosphoproteins/deficiency
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- TCF Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/genetics
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/immunology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/pathology
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizong Hu
- 1 Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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