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Otani N, Nakajima K, Yamada K, Ishikawa K, Ichiki K, Ueda T, Takesue Y, Yamamoto T, Higasa S, Tanimura S, Inai Y, Okuno T. Timing of Assessment of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity after Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:584. [PMID: 38932313 PMCID: PMC11209235 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Assessment of the immune response to influenza vaccines should include an assessment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the timing of immunological assessment of humoral and cell-mediated immunity after vaccination. Therefore, we investigated the timing of immunological assessments after vaccination using markers of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. In the 2018/2019 influenza season, blood was collected from 29 healthy adults before and after vaccination with a quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, and we performed serial measurements of humoral immunity (hemagglutination inhibition [HAI] and neutralizing antibody [NT]) and cell-mediated immunity (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ]). The HAI and NT titers before and after vaccination were strongly correlated, but no correlation was observed between the markers of cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The geometric mean titer and geometric mean concentration of humoral and cellular immune markers increased within 2 weeks after vaccination and had already declined by 8 weeks. This study suggests that the optimal time to assess the immune response is 2 weeks after vaccination. Appropriately timed immunological assessments can help ensure that vaccination is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Otani
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.Y.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kazuhiko Nakajima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.Y.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kumiko Yamada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.Y.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kaori Ishikawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.Y.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kaoru Ichiki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.Y.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.Y.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshio Takesue
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.Y.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takuma Yamamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Higasa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Hematology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Mie, Japan;
| | - Yuta Inai
- The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji 768-0065, Kagawa, Japan;
| | - Toshiomi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan;
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Gianchecchi E, Torelli A, Piu P, Bonifazi C, Ganfini L, Montomoli E. Flow cytometry as an integrative method for the evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity: A validation approach. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101472. [PMID: 37153861 PMCID: PMC10160688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The applied bioanalytical assays used for the evaluation of human immune responses from samples collected during clinical trials must be well characterized, fully validated and properly documented to provide reliable results. Even though recommendations for the standardization of flow cytometry instrumentation and assay validation for its clinical application have been published by several organizations, definitive guidelines are not available yet. The aim of the present paper is to provide a validation approach for flow cytometry, examining parameters such as linearity, relative accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, range and detection limits and specificity, in order to demonstrate and document its applicability for clinical research purposes and its possible use as one of the methods for the evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Torelli
- CSL Seqirus, Via Del Pozzo 3/A, S. Martino, 53035, Monteriggioni, SI, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Bonifazi
- VisMederi S.r.l., Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi S.r.l., Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Guo W, Wu D, Li L, Ding S, Meydani SN. Obesity, rather than high fat diet, exacerbates the outcome of influenza virus infection in influenza-sensitized mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018831. [PMID: 36337627 PMCID: PMC9631825 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to infection. High fat (HF) diet-induced obesity is a commonly used animal model. However, HF diet itself is known to affect immune function and infection. Thus, it is not discernable which one, HF diet or adiposity, is the major contributor to the observed impairment in immunity and susceptibility to infection in HF diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that obesity is a major contributor to impaired immune function. Methods and results Weight-matched outbred female CD-1 mice (1-mo) were randomly assigned to either a HF (45%) or a low fat (LF, 10%) diet group. Ten week after feeding their respective diets, weight gain in the mice fed the HF diet varied greatly. Thus, based on the average body weight, mice in HF diet group were divided into two sub-groups: HF lean (HF-L) and HF obese (HF-O). After 25-week, mice were immunized with an influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 vaccine and boosted 3-week later. Five week after the booster, mice were infected with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus, and body weight was recorded daily for 1 month. HF-O mice exhibited significant weight loss after influenza virus challenge compared to LF and HF-L mice while LF and HF-L mice largely maintained their weight to a similar extent. Conclusion Our findings suggest that obesity, rather than HF diet, per se, may impair the efficacy of influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Guo
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Weimin Guo,
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lijun Li
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samuel Ding
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simin Nikbin Meydani
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Otani N, Nakajima K, Ishikawa K, Ichiki K, Yoda Y, Ueda T, Takesue Y, Yamamoto T, Tanimura S, Shima M, Okuno T. Comparison of the Hemagglutination Inhibition Titers against Influenza Vaccine Strains in Japan from the 2017/2018 to 2021/2022 Seasons Using a Single Set of Serum Samples. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071455. [PMID: 35891435 PMCID: PMC9323423 DOI: 10.3390/v14071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, inactivated influenza vaccines are used. We measured titers of antibodies to vaccine strains of three influenza types—influenza A (H1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B/Victoria—from the 2017/2018 to 2021/2022 seasons, but not for influenza A (H3N2) from the 2018/2019 season, using a single set of serum samples from 34 healthy volunteers, and assessed the consistency in antibody positivity between seasons. The antibody titers in the 2017/2018 season were used as a reference. The influenza A (H1N1) antibody titer in 2019/2020 did not differ significantly from that in the 2017/2018 season, but the titers varied in the two subsequent seasons. The influenza A (H3N2) antibody titers toward the 2019/2020, 2020/2021, and 2021/2022 seasonal viruses differed significantly from that in the 2017/2018 season. The influenza B/Victoria antibody titer toward the 2019/2020 seasonal antigen differed from that in the 2017/2018 season, and the antibody positivity was inconsistent between seasons; however, the antibody titer in the 2020/2021 season did not differ significantly from those in the prior two seasons, and the antibody positivity was consistent between seasons. Antibody titers and their consistency can be used to evaluate cross-immunity of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Otani
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-6566; Fax: +81-798-45-6567
| | - Kazuhiko Nakajima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kaori Ishikawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kaoru Ichiki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshiko Yoda
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshio Takesue
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takuma Yamamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
| | - Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (Y.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Toshiomi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan;
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Scaglione A, Opp S, Hurtado A, Lin Z, Pampeno C, Noval MG, Thannickal SA, Stapleford KA, Meruelo D. Combination of a Sindbis-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Vaccine and αOX40 Antibody Elicits Protective Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 Induced Disease and Potentiates Long-Term SARS-CoV-2-Specific Humoral and T-Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:719077. [PMID: 34394127 PMCID: PMC8359677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.719077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a major global public threat. Currently, a worldwide effort has been mounted to generate billions of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses to immunize the world's population at record speeds. However, there is still a demand for alternative effective vaccines that rapidly confer long-term protection and rely upon cost-effective, easily scaled-up manufacturing. Here, we present a Sindbis alphavirus vector (SV), transiently expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SV.Spike), combined with the OX40 immunostimulatory antibody (αOX40) as a novel, highly effective vaccine approach. We show that SV.Spike plus αOX40 elicits long-lasting neutralizing antibodies and a vigorous T-cell response in mice. Protein binding, immunohistochemical, and cellular infection assays all show that vaccinated mice sera inhibits spike functions. Immunophenotyping, RNA Seq transcriptome profiles, and metabolic analysis indicate a reprogramming of T cells in vaccinated mice. Activated T cells were found to mobilize to lung tissue. Most importantly, SV.Spike plus αOX40 provided robust immune protection against infection with authentic coronavirus in transgenic mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor (hACE2-Tg). Finally, our immunization strategy induced strong effector memory response, potentiating protective immunity against re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Our results show the potential of a new Sindbis virus-based vaccine platform to counteract waning immune response, which can be used as a new candidate to combat SARS-CoV-2. Given the T-cell responses elicited, our vaccine is likely to be effective against variants that are proving challenging, as well as serve as a platform to develop a broader spectrum pancoronavirus vaccine. Similarly, the vaccine approach is likely to be applicable to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Scaglione
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Silvana Opp
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alicia Hurtado
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ziyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christine Pampeno
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria G. Noval
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sara A. Thannickal
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth A. Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Meruelo
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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6
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Otani N, Nakajima K, Ishikawa K, Ichiki K, Ueda T, Takesue Y, Yamamoto T, Tanimura S, Shima M, Okuno T. Changes in Cell-Mediated Immunity (IFN-γ and Granzyme B) Following Influenza Vaccination. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061137. [PMID: 34199161 PMCID: PMC8231587 DOI: 10.3390/v13061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is considered a key moderator of cell-mediated immunity. However, little is known about its association with granzyme B, which plays an important role in the effector function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In the present study, we collected blood samples from 32 healthy adults before and after vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine in 2017/18 to measure the levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B, which play roles in cell-mediated immunity, and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody, which plays a role in humoral immunity. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B were significantly correlated both before and after vaccination. Furthermore, the post-vaccine fold increases in the IFN-γ and granzyme B levels were significantly correlated. The levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B decreased five months after vaccination in more than half of the subjects who exhibited an increase in IFN-γ and granzyme B at two weeks post-vaccination. This is the first study to investigate the correlation between IFN-γ and granzyme B levels following influenza vaccination. Our study suggests that both IFN-γ and granzyme B can be used as markers of cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Otani
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-6566; Fax: +81-798-45-6567
| | - Kazuhiko Nakajima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kaori Ishikawa
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kaoru Ichiki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yoshio Takesue
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan; (K.N.); (K.I.); (K.I.); (T.U.); (Y.T.)
| | - Takuma Yamamoto
- Department of Legal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Susumu Tanimura
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-0001, Mie, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Toshiomi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan;
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7
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Scaglione A, Opp S, Hurtado A, Lin Z, Pampeno C, Noval MG, Thannickal SA, Stapleford KA, Meruelo D. Combination of a Sindbis-SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine and αOX40 antibody elicits protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 induced disease and potentiates long-term SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and T-cell immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.05.28.446009. [PMID: 34075383 PMCID: PMC8168399 DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.28.446009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a major global public threat. Currently, a worldwide effort has been mounted to generate billions of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses to immunize the world's population at record speeds. However, there is still demand for alternative effective vaccines that rapidly confer long-term protection and rely upon cost-effective, easily scaled-up manufacturing. Here, we present a Sindbis alphavirus vector (SV), transiently expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SV.Spike), combined with the OX40 immunostimulatory antibody (αOX40) as a novel, highly effective vaccine approach. We show that SV.Spike plus αOX40 elicits long-lasting neutralizing antibodies and a vigorous T-cell response in mice. Protein binding, immunohistochemical and cellular infection assays all show that vaccinated mice sera inhibits spike functions. Immunophenotyping, RNA Seq transcriptome profiles and metabolic analysis indicate a reprogramming of T-cells in vaccinated mice. Activated T-cells were found to mobilize to lung tissue. Most importantly, SV.Spike plus αOX40 provided robust immune protection against infection with authentic coronavirus in transgenic mice expressing the human ACE2 receptor (hACE2-Tg). Finally, our immunization strategy induced strong effector memory response, potentiating protective immunity against re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Our results show the potential of a new Sindbis virus-based vaccine platform to counteract waning immune response that can be used as a new candidate to combat SARS-CoV-2. Given the strong T-cell responses elicited, our vaccine is likely to be effective against variants that are proving challenging, as well as, serve as a platform to develop a broader spectrum pancoronavirus vaccine. Similarly, the vaccine approach is likely to be applicable to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Scaglione
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Silvana Opp
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alicia Hurtado
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ziyan Lin
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Christine Pampeno
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maria G Noval
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara A. Thannickal
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Stapleford
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Meruelo
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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8
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Otani N, Shima M, Ueda T, Ichiki K, Nakajima K, Takesue Y, Okuno T. Evaluation of influenza vaccine-induced cell-mediated immunity: Comparison between methods using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 63:223-228. [PMID: 31070266 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) may be critical to evaluating the ability of individuals to protect themselves against influenza virus infection. However, it has been difficult to evaluate CMI because no simple means of measuring it is currently available. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a CMI measurement method developed by us, which involves reacting whole blood with antigen, with the conventional method, which is based on isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Correlations between these methods before and after vaccination of 26 healthy adults (aged 28-58 years; 12 men and 14 women) were assessed and changes in CMI after influenza vaccination in PBMCs cultured with antigen for 48 and 96 hr and whole blood cultured with antigen for 48 hr were studied. Results of CMI measurement using whole blood on Day 2 and PBMCs on Day 4 were found to be correlated. Spearman's correlation coefficients with four antigens (A [H1N1], A [H3N2], B [Yamagata lineage], and B [Victoria lineage]) before vaccination were 0.55, 0.61, 0.58, and 0.70, respectively and 0.40, 0.45, 0.62, and 0.52, respectively, after vaccination. CMI was detected sooner when whole blood was reacted with antigen than when PBMCs were reacted with antigen. The rate of positive reaction of influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) in whole blood on Day 2 was higher than that in PBMCs on Day 2. Our method is simple and may be useful for vaccine development because it can measure CMI in a small amount of blood without separating off PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Otani
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ichiki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakajima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takesue
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshiomi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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9
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Littringer K, Moresi C, Rakebrandt N, Zhou X, Schorer M, Dolowschiak T, Kirchner F, Rost F, Keller CW, McHugh D, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Robinson MD, Joller N. Common Features of Regulatory T Cell Specialization During Th1 Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1344. [PMID: 29951069 PMCID: PMC6008317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells are essential for maintaining self-tolerance and preventing excessive immune responses. In the context of Th1 immune responses, co-expression of the Th1 transcription factor T-bet with Foxp3 is essential for Treg cells to control Th1 responses. T-bet-dependent expression of CXCR3 directs Treg cells to the site of inflammation. However, the suppressive mediators enabling effective control of Th1 responses at this site are unknown. In this study, we determined the signature of CXCR3+ Treg cells arising in Th1 settings and defined universal features of Treg cells in this context using multiple Th1-dominated infection models. Our analysis defined a set of Th1-specific co-inhibitory receptors and cytotoxic molecules that are specifically expressed in Treg cells during Th1 immune responses in mice and humans. Among these, we identified the novel co-inhibitory receptor CD85k as a functional predictor for Treg-mediated suppression specifically of Th1 responses, which could be explored therapeutically for selective immune suppression in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Moresi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolas Rakebrandt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaobei Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Schorer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tamas Dolowschiak
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kirchner
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Rost
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian W Keller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donal McHugh
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Otani N, Shima M, Ueda T, Ichiki K, Nakajima K, Takesue Y, Honjo K, Yoshida N, Kawata S, Okuno T. Relationship between the frequency of influenza vaccination and cell-mediated immunity. J Immunol Methods 2018; 458:58-62. [PMID: 29684427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite established guidelines for population-level assessments of immunity after vaccination, standard methods for individual-level analyses have not been established, limiting the ability to optimize vaccination strategies within a particular season. In this study, we evaluated changes in cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with respect to the number of influenza vaccine doses. In particular, the influenza vaccine was administered to 21 adults during the 2015-2016 season. IFN-γ production induced by the influenza vaccine antigens [A (H1N1), A (H3N2), B (Yamagata lineage), and B (Victoria lineage)] increased after the first dose of vaccination in 11, 10, 10, and 11 subjects, respectively. In 5 of 10 (H1N1), 4 of 10 (H3N2), 3 of 9 (Yamagata lineage), and 3 of 8 (Victoria lineage) subjects who did not exhibit an increase in IFN-γ production after the first dose, CMI was enhanced after the second dose. The production of IFN-γ increased after the first or second dose of the vaccine in 16, 14, 13, and 14 of the 21 subjects, respectively. The results of this study showed that two doses of the influenza vaccine effectively enhance CMI in subjects with primary vaccine failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhito Otani
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Shima
- Department of Public Health, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ichiki
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakajima
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takesue
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Honjo
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa 768-0061, Japan
| | - Natsuko Yoshida
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa 768-0061, Japan
| | - Sayo Kawata
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa 768-0061, Japan
| | - Toshiomi Okuno
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
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11
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Sánchez-Betancourt JI, Cervantes-Torres JB, Saavedra-Montañez M, Segura-Velázquez RA. Complete genome sequence of a novel influenza A H1N2 virus circulating in swine from Central Bajio region, Mexico. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:2083-2092. [PMID: 28181421 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform the complete genome sequence of a swine influenza A H1N2 virus strain isolated from a pig in Guanajuato, México (A/swine/Mexico/GtoDMZC01/2014) and to report its seroprevalence in 86 counties at the Central Bajio zone. To understand the evolutionary dynamics of the isolate, we undertook a phylogenetic analysis of the eight gene segments. These data revealed that the isolated virus is a reassortant H1N2 subtype, as its genes are derived from human (HA, NP, PA) and swine (M, NA, PB1, PB2 and NS) influenza viruses. Pig serum samples were analysed by the hemagglutination inhibition test, using wild H1N2 and H3N2 strains (A/swine/México/Mex51/2010 [H3N2]) as antigen sources. Positive samples to the H1N2 subtype were processed using the field-isolated H1N1 subtype (A/swine/México/Ver37/2010 [H1N1]). Seroprevalence to the H1N2 subtype was 26.74% in the sampled counties, being Jalisco the state with highest seroprevalence to this subtype (35.30%). The results herein reported demonstrate that this new, previously unregistered influenza virus subtype in México that shows internal genes from other swine viral subtypes isolated in the past 5 years, along with human virus-originated genes, is widely distributed in this area of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Sánchez-Betancourt
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, México
| | - J B Cervantes-Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, México
| | - M Saavedra-Montañez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, México
| | - R A Segura-Velázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, México
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12
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Ren ST, Zhang XM, Sun PF, Sun LJ, Guo X, Tian T, Zhang J, Guo QY, Li X, Guo LJ, Che J, Wang B, Zhang H. Intranasal Immunization Using Mannatide as a Novel Adjuvant for an Inactivated Influenza Vaccine and Its Adjuvant Effect Compared with MF59. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169501. [PMID: 28052136 PMCID: PMC5215226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination is more potent than parenteral injection for the prevention of influenza. However, because the poor efficiency of antigen uptake across the nasal mucosa is a key issue, immunostimulatory adjuvants are essential for intranasal vaccines. The immunomodulator mannatide or polyactin (PA) has been used for the clinical treatment of impaired immunity in China, but its adjuvant effect on an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (ITIV) via intranasal vaccination is unclear. To explore the adjuvant effect of PA, an inactivated trivalent influenza virus with or without PA or MF59 was instilled intranasally once a week in BALB/c mice. Humoral immunity was assessed by both the ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) methods using antigen-specific antibodies. Splenic lymphocyte proliferation and the IFN-γ level were measured to evaluate cell-mediated immunity. The post-vaccination serum HI antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) for the H1N1 and H3N2 strains, antigen-specific serum IgG and IgA GMTs, mucosal SIgA GMT, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, and IFN-γ were significantly increased in the high-dose PA-adjuvanted vaccine group. The seroconversion rate and the mucosal response for the H3N2 strain were significantly elevated after high-dose PA administration. These adjuvant effects of high-dose PA for the influenza vaccine were comparable with those of the MF59 adjuvant, and abnormal signs or pathological changes were not found in the evaluated organs. In conclusion, PA is a novel mucosal adjuvant for intranasal vaccination with the ITIV that has safe and effective mucosal adjuvanticity in mice and successfully induces both serum and mucosal antibody responses and a cell-mediated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Ren
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
| | - Xue-Mei Zhang
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Peng-Fei Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an City Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- Reagent R&D Dep. Scientific Research Management Center, Capital Bio Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Guo
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Guo
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Xue Li
- No. 6 Vaccine Workshop, Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Li-Jun Guo
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Jin Che
- Therapeutic Vaccines Engineering Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Therapeutic Vaccines Engineering Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi’an Medical University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (STR); (HZ); (BW)
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