Didox (3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid) suppresses IgE-mediated mast cell activation through attenuation of NFκB and AP-1 transcription

FcεRI-HDAC3-MCP1 Signaling Axis Promotes Passive Anaphylaxis Mediated by Cellular Interactions

Anaphylaxis is an acute and life-threatening systemic reaction. Food, drug, aero-allergen and insect sting are known to induce anaphylaxis. Mast cells and basophils are known to mediate Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent anaphylaxis, while macrophages, neutrophils and basophils mediate non IgE-dependent anaphylaxis. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play various roles in biological processes by deacetylating histones and non-histones proteins. HDAC inhibitors can increase the acetylation of target proteins and affect various inflammatory diseases such as cancers and allergic diseases. HDAC3, a class I HDAC, is known to act as epigenetic and transcriptional regulators. It has been shown that HDAC3 can interact with the high-affinity Immunoglobulin E receptor (FcεRI), to mediate passive anaphylaxis and cellular interactions during passive anaphylaxis. Effects of HDAC3 on anaphylaxis, cellular interactions involving mast cells and macrophages during anaphylaxis, and any tumorigenic potential of cancer cells enhanced by mast cells will be discussed in this review. Roles of microRNAs that form negative feedback loops with hallmarks of anaphylaxis such as HDAC3 in anaphylaxis and cellular interactions will also be discussed. The roles of MCP1 regulated by HDAC3 in cellular interactions during anaphylaxis are discussed. Roles of exosomes in cellular interactions mediated by HDAC3 during anaphylaxis are also discussed. Thus, review might provide clues for development of drugs targeting passive anaphylaxis.

Lobeglitazone Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Mucus Hypersecretion in a Murine Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma

Lobeglitazone (LB) is a novel agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and γ that was developed as a drug to treat diabetes mellitus. We explored the ameliorative effects of LB on allergic asthma using a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. To boost the immune response of animals, OVA sensitization was performed on days 0 and 14. LB (250 or 500 μg/kg) was administered by oral gavage on days 18 to 23, and the OVA challenge was performed using an ultrasonic nebulizer on days 21 to 23. Plethysmography showed airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) on day 24. LB treatment effectively decreased inflammatory cell recruitment, T-helper type 2 cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E in the serum of the animals with OVA-induced asthma, which was accompanied by a marked reduction in AHR. It also decreased airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B (NF-κB), and expression of activating protein (AP)-1 and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC). Overall, LB effectively attenuated the pathophysiological changes of asthma and its effects appear related to a reduction in the phosphorylation of NF-κB and the expression of AP-1. Thus, our results suggest that LB has a potential to treat allergic asthma.