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Jakovija A, Chtanova T. Skin immunity in wound healing and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1060258. [PMID: 37398649 PMCID: PMC10312005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the body's largest organ. It serves as a barrier to pathogen entry and the first site of immune defense. In the event of a skin injury, a cascade of events including inflammation, new tissue formation and tissue remodeling contributes to wound repair. Skin-resident and recruited immune cells work together with non-immune cells to clear invading pathogens and debris, and guide the regeneration of damaged host tissues. Disruption to the wound repair process can lead to chronic inflammation and non-healing wounds. This, in turn, can promote skin tumorigenesis. Tumors appropriate the wound healing response as a way of enhancing their survival and growth. Here we review the role of resident and skin-infiltrating immune cells in wound repair and discuss their functions in regulating both inflammation and development of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnolda Jakovija
- Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St. Vincent’s School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Azcutia V, Kelm M, Kim S, Luissint AC, Flemming S, Abernathy-Close L, Young VB, Nusrat A, Miller MJ, Parkos CA. Distinct stimulus-dependent neutrophil dynamics revealed by real-time imaging of intestinal mucosa after acute injury. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac249. [PMID: 36712325 PMCID: PMC9802210 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Clinical symptoms in many inflammatory diseases of the intestine are directly related to neutrophil (PMN) migration across colonic mucosa and into the intestinal lumen, yet in-vivo studies detailing this process are lacking. Using real-time intravital microscopy and a new distal colon loop model, we report distinct PMN migratory dynamics in response to several models of acute colonic injury. PMNs exhibited rapid swarming responses after mechanically induced intestinal wounds. Similar numbers of PMNs infiltrated colonic mucosa after wounding in germ-free mice, suggesting microbiota-independent mechanisms. By contrast, acute mucosal injury secondary to either a treatment of mice with dextran sodium sulfate or an IL-10 receptor blockade model of colitis resulted in lamina propria infiltration with PMNs that were largely immotile. Biopsy wounding of colonic mucosa in DSS-treated mice did not result in enhanced PMN swarming however, intraluminal application of the neutrophil chemoattractant LTB4 under such conditions resulted in enhanced transepithelial migration of PMNs. Analyses of PMNs that had migrated into the colonic lumen revealed that the majority of PMNs were directly recruited from the circulation and not from the immotile pool in the mucosa. Decreased PMN motility parallels upregulation of the receptor CXCR4 and apoptosis. Similarly, increased expression of CXCR4 on human PMNs was observed in colonic biopsies from people with active ulcerative colitis. This new approach adds an important tool to investigate mechanisms regulating PMN migration across mucosa within the distal intestine and will provide new insights for developing future anti-inflammatory and pro-repair therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Kelm
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Seonyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Sven Flemming
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lisa Abernathy-Close
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark J Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine; Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Shao Y, Zhao Y, Liu Z. Complement-Opsonized NIR-IIb Emissive Immunotracers for Dynamically Monitoring Neutrophils in Inflammation-Related Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203477. [PMID: 35793262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of neutrophil dynamics is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment of inflammation-related diseases, which requires a reliable tracer for in vivo tracking of neutrophils. However, immunotracers for neutrophils are extremely limited because of the difficulty in labeling the cells. Inspired by the natural biological function of the complement system, a strategy of enhancing the complement C3 opsonization of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (LnNPs) by modulating their surface chemistry, thus developing a near infrared-IIb emissive nanotracer for neutrophils, is reported herein. Four kinds of surface-modified LnNPs are fabricated, among which phospholipids DOPG-modified LnNPs (LnNPs@PG) with weak antifouling ability and hydroxyl groups adsorb more complement C3 proteins and form covalent linkages with C3b active fragments under inflammation conditions, inducing enhanced complement C3 opsonization. Therefore, LnNPs@PG with enhanced complement C3 opsonization are capable of efficiently labeling inflammation-stimulated neutrophils in vivo through complement-receptors-mediated phagocytosis and achieve dynamic monitoring neutrophils during cutaneous wound healing and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zijun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yunlong Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Jakovija A, Chtanova T. Neutrophil Interactions with the Lymphatic System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082106. [PMID: 34440875 PMCID: PMC8393351 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is a complex network of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes designed to balance fluid homeostasis and facilitate host immune defence. Neutrophils are rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation to provide the first line of protection against microbial infections. The traditional view of neutrophils as short-lived cells, whose role is restricted to providing sterilizing immunity at sites of infection, is rapidly evolving to include additional functions at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems. Neutrophils travel via the lymphatics from the site of inflammation to transport antigens to lymph nodes. They can also enter lymph nodes from the blood by crossing high endothelial venules. Neutrophil functions in draining lymph nodes include pathogen control and modulation of adaptive immunity. Another facet of neutrophil interactions with the lymphatic system is their ability to promote lymphangiogenesis in draining lymph nodes and inflamed tissues. In this review, we discuss the significance of neutrophil migration to secondary lymphoid organs and within the lymphatic vasculature and highlight emerging evidence of the neutrophils’ role in lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnolda Jakovija
- Innate and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- St Vincent’s School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Innate and Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Immunity Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Zhou J, Kamali K, Lafreniere JD, Lehmann C. Real-Time Imaging of Immune Modulation by Cannabinoids Using Intravital Fluorescence Microscopy. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021; 6:221-232. [PMID: 34042507 PMCID: PMC8266559 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an endogenous regulatory system involved in a wide range of physiologic and disease processes. Study of ECS regulation provides novel drug targets for disease treatment. Intravital microscopy (IVM), a microscopy-based imaging method that allows the observation of cells and cell-cell interactions within various tissues and organs in vivo, has been utilized to study tissues and cells in their physiologic microenvironment. This article reviews the current state of the IVM techniques used in ECS-related inflammation research. Methodological Aspects of IVM: IVM with focus on conventional fluorescent microscope has been introduced in investigation of microcirculatory function and the behavior of individual circulating cells in an in vivo environment. Experimental setting, tissue protection under physiologic condition, and microscopical observation are described. Application of IVM in Experimental Inflammatory Disorders: Using IVM to investigate the effects of immune modulation by cannabinoids is extensively reviewed. The inflammatory disorders include sepsis, arthritis, diabetes, interstitial cystitis, and inflammatory conditions in the central nervous system and eyes. Conclusion: IVM is a critical tool in cannabinoid and immunology research. It has been applied to investigate the role of the ECS in physiologic and disease processes. This review demonstrates that the IVM technique provides a unique means in understanding ECS regulation on immune responses in diseases under their physical conditions, which could not be achieved by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Kiyana Kamali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | | | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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McFarlane AJ, Fercoq F, Coffelt SB, Carlin LM. Neutrophil dynamics in the tumor microenvironment. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:143759. [PMID: 33720040 PMCID: PMC7954585 DOI: 10.1172/jci143759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment profoundly influences the behavior of recruited leukocytes and tissue-resident immune cells. These immune cells, which inherently have environmentally driven plasticity necessary for their roles in tissue homeostasis, dynamically interact with tumor cells and the tumor stroma and play critical roles in determining the course of disease. Among these immune cells, neutrophils were once considered much more static within the tumor microenvironment; however, some of these earlier assumptions were the product of the notorious difficulty in manipulating neutrophils in vitro. Technological advances that allow us to study neutrophils in context are now revealing the true roles of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. Here we discuss recent data generated by some of these tools and how these data might be synthesized into more elegant ways of targeting these powerful and abundant effector immune cells in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédéric Fercoq
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Seth B. Coffelt
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Leo M. Carlin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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