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Lamendour L, Gilotin M, Deluce-Kakwata Nkor N, Lakhrif Z, Meley D, Poupon A, Laboute T, di Tommaso A, Pin JJ, Mulleman D, Le Mélédo G, Aubrey N, Watier H, Velge-Roussel F. Bispecific antibodies tethering innate receptors induce human tolerant-dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369117. [PMID: 38601165 PMCID: PMC11005913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for alternative therapies targeting human dendritic cells (DCs) that could reverse inflammatory syndromes in many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and organ transplantations. Here, we describe a bispecific antibody (bsAb) strategy tethering two pathogen-recognition receptors at the surface of human DCs. This cross-linking switches DCs into a tolerant profile able to induce regulatory T-cell differentiation. The bsAbs, not parental Abs, induced interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1 secretion in monocyte-derived DCs and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, they induced interleukin 10 secretion by synovial fluid cells in rheumatoid arthritis and gout patients. This concept of bsAb-induced tethering of surface pathogen-recognition receptors switching cell properties opens a new therapeutic avenue for controlling inflammation and restoring immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Lamendour
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mäelle Gilotin
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nora Deluce-Kakwata Nkor
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Zineb Lakhrif
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP) UMR 1282, INRAE, Team BioMAP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Daniel Meley
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- institut de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et ’environnement (INRAE) UMR 0085, centre de recherche scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7247, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- MAbSilico, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Laboute
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anne di Tommaso
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP) UMR 1282, INRAE, Team BioMAP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Denis Mulleman
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Le Mélédo
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHRU) de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Aubrey
- Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP) UMR 1282, INRAE, Team BioMAP, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Hervé Watier
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Florence Velge-Roussel
- EA7501, Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Team Fc Récepteurs, Anticorps et MicroEnvironnement (FRAME), Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Tuomela K, Salim K, Levings MK. Eras of designer Tregs: Harnessing synthetic biology for immune suppression. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:250-267. [PMID: 37522861 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, CD4+ CD25hi FOXP3hi regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been firmly established as a critical cell type for regulating immune homeostasis through a plethora of mechanisms. Due to their immunoregulatory power, delivery of polyclonal Tregs has been explored as a therapy to dampen inflammation in the settings of transplantation and autoimmunity. Evidence shows that Treg therapy is safe and well-tolerated, but efficacy remains undefined and could be limited by poor persistence in vivo and lack of antigen specificity. With the advent of new genetic engineering tools, it is now possible to create bespoke "designer" Tregs that not only overcome possible limitations of polyclonal Tregs but also introduce new features. Here, we review the development of designer Tregs through the perspective of three 'eras': (1) the era of FOXP3 engineering, in which breakthroughs in the biological understanding of this transcription factor enabled the conversion of conventional T cells to Tregs; (2) the antigen-specificity era, in which transgenic T-cell receptors and chimeric antigen receptors were introduced to create more potent and directed Treg therapies; and (3) the current era, which is harnessing advanced genome-editing techniques to introduce and refine existing and new engineering approaches. The year 2022 marked the entry of "designer" Tregs into the clinic, with exciting potential for application and efficacy in a wide variety of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina Tuomela
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kevin Salim
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Megan K Levings
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Andrade MS, Young JS, Pollard JM, Yin D, Alegre ML, Chong AS. Linked sensitization by memory CD4+ T cells prevents costimulation blockade–induced transplantation tolerance. JCI Insight 2022; 7:159205. [PMID: 35674134 PMCID: PMC9220839 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant infectious tolerance explains how brief tolerance-inducing therapies result in lifelong tolerance to donor antigens and “linked” third-party antigens, while recipient sensitization and ensuing immunological memory prevent the successful induction of transplant tolerance. In this study, we juxtapose these 2 concepts to test whether mechanisms of dominant infectious tolerance can control a limited repertoire of memory T and B cells. We show that sensitization to a single donor antigen is sufficient to prevent stable transplant tolerance, rendering it unstable. Mechanistic studies revealed that recall antibody responses and memory CD8+ T cell expansion were initially controlled, but memory CD4+Foxp3– T cell (Tconv) responses were not. Remarkably, naive donor-specific Tconvs at tolerance induction also acquired a resistance to tolerance, proliferating and acquiring a phenotype similar to memory Tconvs. This phenomenon of “linked sensitization” underscores the challenges of reprogramming a primed immune response toward tolerance and identifies a potential therapeutic checkpoint for synergizing with costimulation blockade to achieve transplant tolerance in the clinic.
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Regulatory Macrophages and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells in Myeloid Regulatory Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157970. [PMID: 34360736 PMCID: PMC8348814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid regulatory cell-based therapy has been shown to be a promising cell-based medicinal approach in organ transplantation and for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells and can naturally acquire tolerogenic properties through a variety of differentiation signals and stimuli. Several subtypes of DCs have been generated using additional agents, including vitamin D3, rapamycin and dexamethasone, or immunosuppressive cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). These cells have been extensively studied in animals and humans to develop clinical-grade tolerogenic (tol)DCs. Regulatory macrophages (Mregs) are another type of protective myeloid cell that provide a tolerogenic environment, and have mainly been studied within the context of research on organ transplantation. This review aims to thoroughly describe the ex vivo generation of tolDCs and Mregs, their mechanism of action, as well as their therapeutic application and assessment in human clinical trials.
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Waldmann H. Regulatory T cells and transplantation tolerance: Emerging from the darkness? Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1580-1591. [PMID: 33961297 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue transplantation has revolutionized the treatment of patients with failing organs. Its success, thus far, has depended on combinations of immunosuppressive drugs that damp host immunity, while also imposing numerous unwanted side-effects. There is a longstanding recognition that better treatment outcomes, will come from replacing these drugs, fully or in part, by taking advantage of tractable physiological mechanisms of self-tolerance. The past 50 years have seen many advances in the field of self-tolerance, but perhaps, the most tractable of these has been the more recent discovery of a subset T-cells (Treg) whose role is to regulate or damp immunity. This article is intended to first provide the reader with some historical background to explain why we have been slow to identify these cells, despite numerous clues to their existence, and also to indicate how little we know about how they achieve their regulatory function in averting transplant rejection. However, as is often the case in immunology, the therapeutic needs often dictate that our advances move to translation even before detailed explanations of the science are available. The final part of the article will briefly summarize how Treg are being harnessed as agents to interface with or perhaps, replace current drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Waldmann
- Sir William Dunn School, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
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