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Saini I, Joshi J, Kaur S. Leishmania vaccine development: A comprehensive review. Cell Immunol 2024; 399-400:104826. [PMID: 38669897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases like leishmaniasis, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, leprosy and filariasis are responsible for an immense burden on public health systems. Among these, leishmaniasis is under the category I diseases as it is selected by WHO (World Health Organization) on the ground of diversity and complexity. High cost, resistance and toxic effects of Leishmania traditional drugs entail identification and development of therapeutic alternative. Since the natural infection elicits robust immunity, consistence efforts are going on to develop a successful vaccine. Clinical trials have been conducted on vaccines like Leish-F1, F2, and F3 formulated using specific Leishmania antigen epitopes. Current strategies utilize individual or combined antigens from the parasite or its insect vector's salivary gland extract, with or without adjuvant formulation for enhanced efficacy. Promising animal data supports multiple vaccine candidates (Lmcen-/-, LmexCen-/-), with some already in or heading for clinical trials. The crucial challenge in Leishmania vaccine development is to translate the research knowledge into affordable and accessible control tools that refines the outcome for those who are susceptible to infection. This review focuses on recent findings in Leishmania vaccines and highlights difficulties facing vaccine development and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Saini
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Zhao L, Wang X, Li Z. A novel chimeric recombinant FliC-Pgp3 vaccine promotes immunoprotection against Chlamydia muridarum infection in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128723. [PMID: 38101679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The Pgp3 subunit vaccine elicits immune protection against Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but additional adjuvants are still required to enhance its immunoprotective efficacy. Flagellin can selectively stimulate immunity and act as an adjuvant. In this research, the FliC-Pgp3 recombinant was successfully expressed and purified. Tri-immunization with the FliC-Pgp3 vaccine in Balb/C mice induced rapid and persistent germinal center B-cell response and Tfh differentiation, promoting a significantly higher IgG antibody titer compared to the Pgp3 group. FliC-Pgp3 immunization primarily induced Th1-type cellular immunity, leading to higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 secreted by CD4+ T cells than in Pgp3-vaccinated mice. Chlamydia muridarum challenge results showed that FliC-Pgp3-vaccinated mice exhibited more rapid clearance of Chlamydia muridarum colonization in the lower genital tract, ensuring a lower hydrosalpinx rate and cumulative score. Histological analysis showed reduced dilation and inflammatory infiltration in the oviduct and uterine horn of FliC-Pgp3-vaccinated mice compared to the PBS and Pgp3 control. Importantly, tri-immunization with FliC-Pgp3 effectively activated CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells, as confirmed by the adoptive transfer, resulting in better immune protection in recipient mice. In summary, the novel FliC-Pgp3 chimeric is hoped to be a novel vaccine with improved immunoprotection against Chlamydia muridarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhua Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglv Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Recombinant endonuclease III protein from Leishmania infantum associated with Th1-type adjuvants is immunogenic and induces protection against visceral leishmaniasis. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:79-90. [PMID: 36731193 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) should be considered as a safe and effective measure to disease control; however, few vaccines are available against canine VL and there is no an approved human vaccine. In this context, in the present study, we evaluated the endonuclease III (ENDO) protein, which was recently showed to be antigenic for human disease, as a vaccine candidate against Leishmania infantum infection. The recombinant protein (rENDO) was administered in BALB/c mice alone or associated with saponin (rENDO/Sap) or micelles (rENDO/Mic) as adjuvants. Controls received saline, saponin or empty micelles. Results showed that both rENDO/Sap and rENDO/Mic compositions induced higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, and GM-CSF cytokines, besides nitrite and IgG2a isotype antibodies, before and after challenge infection, which were related to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes. The immunological results contributed to significant reductions in the parasite load found in the spleens, livers, bone marrows and draining lymph nodes of the vaccinated animals. In general, mice immunized with rENDO/Mic presented a slightly higher Th1-type cellular and humoral immune response, as compared to those receiving rENDO/Sap. In addition, saponin caused a slight to moderate inflammatory edema in their vaccinated footpads, which was not observed when micelles were used with rENDO. In addition, a preliminary analysis showed that the recombinant protein was immunogenic to human cells cultures, since PBMCs from treated VL patients and healthy subjects showed higher lymphoproliferation and IFN-γ production in the culture supernatants. In conclusion, data suggest that rENDO could be considered as a candidate to be evaluated in future studies as vaccine to protect against VL.
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Lage DP, Vale DL, Linhares FP, Freitas CS, Machado AS, Cardoso JMO, de Oliveira D, Galvani NC, de Oliveira MP, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Ramos FF, Tavares GSV, Ludolf F, Bandeira RS, Pereira IAG, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Roatt BM, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Christodoulides M, Coelho EAF, Martins VT. A Recombinant Chimeric Protein-Based Vaccine Containing T-Cell Epitopes from Amastigote Proteins and Combined with Distinct Adjuvants, Induces Immunogenicity and Protection against Leishmania infantum Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071146. [PMID: 35891310 PMCID: PMC9317424 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no licensed vaccine to protect against human visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially fatal disease caused by infection with Leishmania parasites. In the current study, a recombinant chimeric protein ChimT was developed based on T-cell epitopes identified from the immunogenic Leishmania amastigote proteins LiHyp1, LiHyV, LiHyC and LiHyG. ChimT was associated with the adjuvants saponin (Sap) or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and used to immunize mice, and their immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated. Both ChimT/Sap and ChimT/MPLA induced the development of a specific Th1-type immune response, with significantly high levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12, TNF-α and GM-CSF cytokines produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes (p < 0.05), with correspondingly low production of anti-leishmanial IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines. Significantly increased (p < 0.05) levels of nitrite, a proxy for nitric oxide, and IFN-γ expression (p < 0.05) were detected in stimulated spleen cell cultures from immunized and infected mice, as was significant production of parasite-specific IgG2a isotype antibodies. Significant reductions in the parasite load in the internal organs of the immunized and infected mice (p < 0.05) were quantified with a limiting dilution technique and quantitative PCR and correlated with the immunological findings. ChimT/MPLA showed marginally superior immunogenicity than ChimT/Sap, and although this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), ChimT/MPLA was preferred since ChimT/Sap induced transient edema in the inoculation site. ChimT also induced high IFN-γ and low IL-10 levels from human PBMCs isolated from healthy individuals and from VL-treated patients. In conclusion, the experimental T-cell multi-epitope amastigote stage Leishmania vaccine administered with adjuvants appears to be a promising vaccine candidate to protect against VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P. Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Danniele L. Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Flávia P. Linhares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Camila S. Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Amanda S. Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Jamille M. O. Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Insituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto CEP 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (J.M.O.C.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Daysiane de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil; (D.d.O.); (R.A.M.-d.-Á.)
| | - Nathália C. Galvani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Marcelo P. de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - João A. Oliveira-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Fernanda F. Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Grasiele S. V. Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Raquel S. Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Isabela A. G. Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
| | - Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José S/N, Umacollo, Arequipa 04000, Peru;
| | - Bruno M. Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Insituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto CEP 35400-000, MG, Brazil; (J.M.O.C.); (B.M.R.)
| | - Ricardo A. Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma 88806-000, SC, Brazil; (D.d.O.); (R.A.M.-d.-Á.)
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-02381-205120
| | - Eduardo A. F. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico (COLTEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Vívian T. Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil; (D.P.L.); (D.L.V.); (F.P.L.); (C.S.F.); (A.S.M.); (N.C.G.); (M.P.d.O.); (J.A.O.-d.-S.); (F.F.R.); (G.S.V.T.); (F.L.); (R.S.B.); (I.A.G.P.); (E.A.F.C.); (V.T.M.)
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5
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Machado AS, Lage DP, Vale DL, Freitas CS, Linhares FP, Cardoso JMO, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Pereira IAG, Ramos FF, Tavares GSV, Ludolf F, Bandeira RS, Maia LGN, Menezes-Souza D, Duarte MC, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Roatt BM, Christodoulides M, Martins VT, Coelho EAF. Leishmania LiHyC protein is immunogenic and induces protection against visceral leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2022; 44:e12921. [PMID: 35437797 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Treatment against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) presents problems by toxicity of drugs, high cost and/or emergence of resistant strains. The diagnosis is hampered by variable sensitivity and/or specificity of tests. In this context, prophylactic vaccination could represent a control measure against disease. In this study, the protective efficacy from Leishmania LiHyC protein was evaluated in murine model against Leishmania infantum infection. METHODS AND RESULTS LiHyC was used as recombinant protein (rLiHyC) associated with saponin (rLiHyC/S) or Poloxamer 407-based polymeric micelles (rLiHyC/M) to immunize mice. Animals received also saline, saponin or empty micelles as controls. The immunogenicity was evaluated before and after challenge, and results showed that vaccination with rLiHyC/S or rLiHyC/M induced the production of high levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF in cell culture supernatants, as well as higher IFN-γ expression evaluated by RT-qPCR and involvement from CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes producing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2. A positive lymphoproliferative response was also found in cell cultures from vaccinated animals, besides high levels of rLiHyC- and parasite-specific nitrite and IgG2a antibodies. Immunological assays correlated with significant reductions in the parasite load in spleens, livers, bone marrows and draining lymph nodes from vaccinated mice, when compared to values found in the controls. The micellar composition showed slightly better immunological and parasitological data, as compared to rLiHyC/S. CONCLUSION Results suggest that rLiHyC associated with adjuvants could be considered for future studies as a vaccine candidate against VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danniele L Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila S Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia P Linhares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jamille M O Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Insituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João A Oliveira-da-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela A G Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Ramos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Bandeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz G N Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana C Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José S/N, Umacollo, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Bruno M Roatt
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Insituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, England
| | - Vívian T Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rodrigues LS, Barreto AS, Bomfim LGS, Gomes MC, Ferreira NLC, da Cruz GS, Magalhães LS, de Jesus AR, Palatnik-de-Sousa CB, Corrêa CB, de Almeida RP. Multifunctional, TNF-α and IFN-γ-Secreting CD4 and CD8 T Cells and CD8 High T Cells Are Associated With the Cure of Human Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:773983. [PMID: 34777391 PMCID: PMC8581227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic and often fatal disease caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania that affects millions of people worldwide. Patients with symptomatic VL have an impaired anti-Leishmania-specific CD4+ T-cell response, which is reversed after clinical cure. In contrast, the quality of the CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses involved in resistance and/or cure of VL relies on the capability of these cells to activate polyfunctional and memory responses, which are associated with the simultaneous production of three cytokines: IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Models for the development of CD4 and CD8 T-cell quality in memory and protection to leishmaniasis have been described previously. We aimed to assess the functionality of the T cells involved in the recovery of the immune suppression throughout the VL treatment. Therefore, we cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from VL patients and healthy controls in vitro with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA). Cell surface markers and intracellular cytokine production were determined on days 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90, and 180 after the beginning of chemotherapy. We observed that the frequencies of CD4+TNF-α+IFN-γ+ and the multifunctional CD4+IL-2+TNF-α+IFN-γ+, together with CD4+TNF-α+ and CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells, increased throughout and at the end of the treatment, respectively. In addition, enhanced frequencies of CD8+IL-2+TNF-α+IFN-γ+ and CD8+TNF-α+IFN-γ T cells were also relevant in the healing process. Noteworthy, the frequencies of the CD4+ and CD8 central-memory T cells, which produce IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and ensure the memory response against parasite reinfection, are significantly enhanced in cured patients. In addition, the subset of the non-functional CD8Low population is predominant in VL untreated patients and decreases along the chemotherapy treatment. In contrast, a CD8High subset increased towards the cure. Furthermore, the cure due to treatment with meglumine antimoniate or with liposomal amphotericin B was associated with the recovery of the T-cell immune responses. We described the evolution and participation of functional T cells during the treatment of patients with VL. Our results disclosed that the clinical improvement of patients is significantly associated with the participation of the CD4+ and CD8+ cytokine-secreting T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorranny Santana Rodrigues
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Aracaju, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Barreto
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Aracaju, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.,Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lays Gisele Santos Bomfim
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Aracaju, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcos Couto Gomes
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Luisa Carlos Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Geydson Silveira da Cruz
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.,Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucas Sousa Magalhães
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Aracaju, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro de Jesus
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Aracaju, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.,Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Clarisa B Palatnik-de-Sousa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.,Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.,Laboratory of Biology and Immunology of Cancer and Leishmania, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Roque Pacheco de Almeida
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sergipe, Immunology Investigative Institute (III), National Insitute of Science and Technology (INCT), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Aracaju, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil.,Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University Hospital/Brazilian Hospital Services Company (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Sergipe, Brazil
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A T-Cell Epitope-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Designed Using Human HLA Specific T Cell Epitopes Induces a Near-Sterile Immunity against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis in Hamsters. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101058. [PMID: 34696166 PMCID: PMC8537199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting 12 million people annually. Even in the second decade of the 21st century, it has remained without an effective vaccine for human use. In the current study, we designed three multiepitope vaccine candidates by the selection of multiple IFN-γ inducing MHC-I and MHC-II binder T-cell specific epitopes from three previously identified antigen genes of Leishmania donovani from our lab by an immuno-informatic approach using IFNepitope, the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) T cell epitope identification tools, NET-MHC-1, and NET MHC-2 webservers. We tested the protective potential of these three multiepitope proteins as a vaccine in a hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis. The immunization data revealed that the vaccine candidates induced a very high level of Th1 biased protective immune response in-vivo in a hamster model of experimental visceral leishmaniasis, with one of the candidates inducing a near-sterile immunity. The vaccinated animals displayed highly activated monocyte macrophages with the capability of clearing intracellular parasites due to increased respiratory burst. Additionally, these proteins induced activation of polyfunctional T cells secreting INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in an ex-vivo stimulation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, further supporting the protective nature of the designed candidates.
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