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Reeh H, Rudolph N, Billing U, Christen H, Streif S, Bullinger E, Schliemann-Bullinger M, Findeisen R, Schaper F, Huber HJ, Dittrich A. Response to IL-6 trans- and IL-6 classic signalling is determined by the ratio of the IL-6 receptor α to gp130 expression: fusing experimental insights and dynamic modelling. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 31101051 PMCID: PMC6525395 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with high clinical relevance and an important mediator of cellular communication, orchestrating both pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. Interleukin-6-induced signalling is initiated by binding of IL-6 to the IL-6 receptor α and subsequent binding to the signal transducing receptor subunit gp130. This active receptor complex initiates signalling through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Of note, IL-6 receptor α exists in a soluble and a transmembrane form. Binding of IL-6 to membrane-bound IL-6 receptor α induces anti-inflammatory classic signalling, whereas binding of IL-6 to soluble IL-6 receptor α induces pro-inflammatory trans-signalling. Trans-signalling has been described to be markedly stronger than classic signalling. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive differences between trans- and classic signalling is important for the design of trans-signalling-specific therapies. These differences will be addressed here using a combination of dynamic mathematical modelling and molecular biology. METHODS We apply an iterative systems biology approach using set-based modelling and validation approaches combined with quantitative biochemical and cell biological analyses. RESULTS The combination of experimental analyses and dynamic modelling allows to relate the observed differences between IL-6-induced trans- and classic signalling to cell-type specific differences in the expression and ratios of the individual subunits of the IL-6 receptor complex. Canonical intracellular Jak/STAT signalling is indifferent in IL-6-induced trans- and classic signalling. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of IL-6 signal transduction and underlines the power of combined dynamical modelling, model-based validation and biological experiments. The opposing pro- and anti-inflammatory responses initiated by IL-6 trans- and classic signalling depend solely on the expression ratios of the subunits of the entire receptor complex. By pointing out the importance of the receptor expression ratio for the strength of IL-6 signalling this study lays a foundation for future precision medicine approaches that aim to selectively block pro-inflammatory trans-signalling. Furthermore, the derived models can be used for future therapy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Reeh
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Rudolph
- Department of Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Institute for Automation Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Billing
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrike Christen
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Streif
- Department of Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Institute for Automation Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.,Automatic Control and System Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Automation, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Eric Bullinger
- Department of Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Institute for Automation Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Monica Schliemann-Bullinger
- Department of Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Institute for Automation Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Findeisen
- Department of Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Institute for Automation Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fred Schaper
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich J Huber
- Department of Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Institute for Automation Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.,Comuptational Biology, Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88400, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anna Dittrich
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Rolvering C, Zimmer AD, Kozar I, Hermanns HM, Letellier E, Vallar L, Nazarov PV, Nicot N, Ginolhac A, Haan S, Behrmann I, Haan C. Crosstalk between different family members: IL27 recapitulates IFNγ responses in HCC cells, but is inhibited by IL6-type cytokines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1864:516-526. [PMID: 27939431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL27) is a type-I-cytokine of the IL6/IL12 family predominantly secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells. In the liver, IL27 expression was observed to be upregulated in patients with hepatitis B, and sera of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients contain significantly elevated levels of IL27 compared to healthy controls or patients with hepatitis and/or liver cirrhosis. In this study, we show that IL27 induces STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation in 5 HCC lines and 3 different types of non-transformed liver cells. We were especially interested in the relevance of the IL27-induced STAT3 activation in liver cells. Thus, we compared the IL27 responses with those induced by IFNγ (STAT1-dominated response) or IL6-type cytokines (IL6, hyper-IL6 (hy-IL6) or OSM) (STAT3-dominated response) by microarray analysis and find that in HCC cells, IL27 induces an IFNγ-like, STAT1-dependent transcriptional response, but we do not find an effective STAT3-dependent response. Validation experiments corroborate the finding from the microarray evaluation. Interestingly, the availability of STAT1 seems critical in the shaping of the IL27 response, as the siRNA knock-down of STAT1 revealed the ability of IL27 to induce the acute-phase protein γ-fibrinogen, a typical IL6 family characteristic. Moreover, we describe a crosstalk between the signaling of IL6-type cytokines and IL27: responses to the gp130-engaging cytokine IL27 (but not those to IFNs) can be inhibited by IL6-type cytokine pre-stimulation, likely by a SOCS3-mediated mechanism. Thus, IL27 recapitulates IFNγ responses in liver cells, but differs from IFNγ by its sensitivity to SOCS3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rolvering
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit - Signal Transduction Laboratory, 6, Avenue du Swing, L4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Andreas D Zimmer
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit - Signal Transduction Laboratory, 6, Avenue du Swing, L4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Ines Kozar
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit - Signal Transduction Laboratory, 6, Avenue du Swing, L4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- University Hospital Würzburg, Medical Clinic II, Division of Hepatology, Grombühlstr. 12, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit - Molecular Disease Mechanisms Laboratory, 6, Avenue du Swing, L4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Laurent Vallar
- Genomics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Genomics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Nathalie Nicot
- Genomics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
| | - Aurélien Ginolhac
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit - Bioinformatics Core Facility, 6, Avenue du Swing, L4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Serge Haan
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit - Molecular Disease Mechanisms Laboratory, 6, Avenue du Swing, L4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Iris Behrmann
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit - Signal Transduction Laboratory, 6, Avenue du Swing, L4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Claude Haan
- University of Luxembourg, Life Sciences Research Unit - Signal Transduction Laboratory, 6, Avenue du Swing, L4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
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Dittrich A, Hessenkemper W, Schaper F. Systems biology of IL-6, IL-12 family cytokines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:595-602. [PMID: 26187858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6-type cytokines play important roles in the communication between cells of multicellular organisms. They are involved in the regulation of complex cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation and act as key player during inflammation and immune response. A major challenge is to understand how these complex non-linear processes are connected and regulated. Systems biology approaches are used to tackle this challenge in an iterative process of quantitative experimental and mathematical analyses. Here we review quantitative experimental studies and systems biology approaches dealing with the function of Interleukin-6-type cytokines in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. These approaches cover the analyses of signal transduction on a cellular level up to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on a whole organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dittrich
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Hessenkemper
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Fred Schaper
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Eulenfeld R, Dittrich A, Khouri C, Müller PJ, Mütze B, Wolf A, Schaper F. Interleukin-6 signalling: More than Jaks and STATs. Eur J Cell Biol 2012; 91:486-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Goodman WA, Young AB, McCormick TS, Cooper KD, Levine AD. Stat3 phosphorylation mediates resistance of primary human T cells to regulatory T cell suppression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3336-45. [PMID: 21307288 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human autoimmune diseases are characterized by systemic T cell dysfunction, resulting in chronically activated Th1 and Th17 cells that are inadequately suppressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). IL-6, which is overexpressed in tissue and serum of patients with autoimmune diseases, inhibits human Treg function. We sought to determine the mechanism for the antitolerogenic properties of IL-6 by examining the signaling pathways downstream of IL-6R in primary human T cells. Inhibition of Stat3 signaling in MLCs containing IL-6 restores Treg-mediated suppression, demonstrating that IL-6-mediated loss of Treg suppression requires phosphorylation of Stat3. Cultures in which either effector T cells (Teffs) or Tregs were pretreated with Stat3 inhibitors indicate that phosphorylated (p)Stat3 is required in both T cell populations for IL-6-mediated reversal of Treg function. IL-21, which signals preferentially through pStat3, also reverses Treg suppression, in contrast to IL-27 and IFN-γ, which signal preferentially through Stat1 and do not inhibit Treg function. Interestingly, both Teffs and Tregs respond to IL-6 stimulation through strong Stat3 phosphorylation with minimal MAPK/Erk activation and moderate Stat1 phosphorylation. Finally, Teffs stimulated strongly through the TCR are also resistant to suppression by Tregs and show concurrent Stat3 phosphorylation. In these cultures, inhibition of pStat3 restores functional suppression by Tregs. Taken together, our findings suggest that an early dominance of Stat3 signaling, prior to subsequent T cell activation, is required for the loss of functional Treg suppression and that kinase-specific inhibitors may hold therapeutic promise in the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Goodman
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Schoenherr C, Weiskirchen R, Haan S. Interleukin-27 acts on hepatic stellate cells and induces signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-dependent responses. Cell Commun Signal 2010; 8:19. [PMID: 20719000 PMCID: PMC2931529 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-8-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-27 is a cytokine belonging to the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family that is secreted by activated macrophages and dendritic cells and which strongly acts on T-cells and cells of the innate immune system. Not much is known about possible effects of IL-27 on other cell types. It signals via the common IL-6-type-cytokine receptor chain gp130 and the IL-27-specific chain WSX-1. We previously described that IL-27 also stimulates hepatoma cells and primary hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IL-27 would also act on hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the second most abundant hepatic cell type, which would demonstrate a more general role of this cytokine in the liver. Results Using a human HSC line and primary rat HSC we investigated the signalling characteristics of IL-27 in these cells. We show that IL-27 activates signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and to a minor extent STAT3 in a human HSC cell line and that it leads to the induction of STAT1 target genes such as interferon response factor-1, myxovirus resistance A and STAT1 itself. Similarly we find that IL-27 also elicits STAT1-dependent responses in primary rat HSC. Conclusions We provide the first evidence for a function of IL-27 in HSC and show that its responses resemble Interferon-γ-like functions in these cells. Our data suggests that IL-27 may play an important role in the context of liver inflammation by acting on the different liver cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Schoenherr
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital RWTH-Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Prostaglandin E1 inhibits IL-6-induced MCP-1 expression by interfering specifically in IL-6-dependent ERK1/2, but not STAT3, activation. Biochem J 2008; 412:65-72. [PMID: 18271757 DOI: 10.1042/bj20071572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
IL (interleukin)-6 exerts pro- as well as anti-inflammatory activities. Beside many other activities, IL-6 is the major inducer of acute phase proteins in the liver, acts as a differentiation factor for blood cells, as migration factor for T-cells and is a potent inducer of the chemokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). Recent studies have focused on the negative regulation of IL-6 signal transduction through the IL-6-induced feedback inhibitors SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signalling) 1 and SOCS3 or the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-2 (Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2) and TcPTP (T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase). Studies on the cross-talk between pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1, tumour necrosis factor, lipopolysaccharide) and IL-6 elucidated further regulatory mechanisms. Less is known about the regulation of IL-6 signal transduction by hormone/cytokine signalling through G-protein-coupled receptors. This is particularly surprising since many of these hormones (such as prostaglandins and chemokines) play an important role in inflammatory processes. In the present study, we have investigated the inhibitory activity of PGE(1) (prostaglandin E(1)) on IL-6-induced MCP-1 expression and have elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Surprisingly, PGE(1) does not affect IL-6-induced STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 3 activation, but does affect ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) 1/2 activation which is crucial for IL-6-dependent expression of MCP-1. In summary, we have discovered a specific cross-talk between the adenylate cyclase cascade and the IL-6-induced MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade and have investigated its impact on IL-6-dependent gene expression.
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Sobota RM, Müller PJ, Khouri C, Ullrich A, Poli V, Noguchi T, Heinrich PC, Schaper F. SHPS-1/SIRP1alpha contributes to interleukin-6 signalling. Cell Signal 2008; 20:1385-91. [PMID: 18450421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein signal regulatory protein/SHP2-substrate (SIRP1alpha/SHPS-1) has been implicated in growth factor- and cell adhesion-induced signalling. Here we report on the contribution of SIRP1alpha to IL-6 type cytokine signalling. SIRP1alpha binds the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 upon treatment with interleukin-6 in a stimulation-dependent manner. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing a SIRP1alpha protein which lacks the intracellular part show enhanced SHP2 phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation in response to IL-6, suggesting that SIRP1alpha affects IL-6-signalling through SHP2. Whereas SHP2 phosphorylation is enhanced in SIRP1alpha-deficient cells STAT3 activation is delayed and STAT3-dependent gene induction is reduced which correlates with reduced STAT3 serine phosphorylation. Our results indicate that SIRP1alpha contributes to IL-6 signalling by counteracting SHP2 phosphorylation which consequently affects ERK-activation and STAT3-dependent transactivation as well as target gene expression. Our observations will help to understand the tight balance of MAPK- and STAT3-activation in response to IL-6 which was found to be misbalanced in many autoimmune diseases, inflammatory proliferative diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw M Sobota
- Department of Biochemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2006 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:300-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Scheller J, Grötzinger J, Rose-John S. Updating interleukin-6 classic- and trans-signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sita.200600086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Barton BE. STAT3: a potential therapeutic target in dendritic cells for the induction of transplant tolerance. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006; 10:459-70. [PMID: 16706685 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.10.3.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) control the segue from innate to adaptive immunity. Moreover, depending upon their milieu, DCs can either induce or inhibit immune responses. Whether DCs are immune stimulatory or tolerogenic apparently rests with whether or not the DCs express activated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), the transcription factor induced by IL-6-like cytokines and IL-10. DCs expressing activated STAT3 produce less IL-12, which results in less effector T cell development. Moreover, DCs expressing activated STAT3 also express the tryptophan-catabolising enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. The kynurenine products of tryptophan catabolism induce T cell apoptosis; this area is of major interest to researchers working on tolerogenic DCs. In various disease models ranging from tumours to autoimmune diseases, administration of STAT3-activating cytokines resulted in attenuation of immune responses. Other corroborating evidence was obtained using conditional STAT3-deficient mice, or mice defective in cytokine signalling. Thus, persistently activating STAT3 in DCs may be a feasible strategy for controlling allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly E Barton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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