1
|
Park E, Yang CR, Raghuram V, Chen L, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Using CRISPR-Cas9/phosphoproteomics to identify substrates of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2δ. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105371. [PMID: 37865316 PMCID: PMC10783575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMK2) family proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in a variety of tissues including brain, heart, liver, and kidney. One member, CAMK2δ (CAMK2D), has been proposed to be involved in vasopressin signaling in the renal collecting duct, which controls water excretion through regulation of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2). To identify CAMK2D target proteins in renal collecting duct cells (mpkCCD), we deleted Camk2d and carried out LC-MS/MS-based quantitative phosphoproteomics. Specifically, we used CRISPR/Cas9 with two different guide RNAs targeting the CAMK2D catalytic domain to create multiple CAMK2D KO cell lines. AQP2 protein abundance was lower in the CAMK2D KO cells than in CAMK2D-intact controls. AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser256 and Ser269 (normalized for total AQP2) was decreased. However, trafficking of AQP2 to and from the apical plasma membrane was sustained. Large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis (TMT-labeling) in the presence of the vasopressin analog dDAVP (0.1 nM, 30 min) allowed quantification of 11,570 phosphosites of which 169 were significantly decreased, while 206 were increased in abundance in CAMK2D KO clones. These data are available for browsing or download at https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/CAMK2D-proteome/. Motif analysis of the decreased phosphorylation sites revealed a target preference of -(R/K)-X-X-p(S/T)-X-(D/E), matching the motif identified in previous in vitro phosphorylation studies using recombinant CAMK2D. Thirty five of the significantly downregulated phosphorylation sites in CAMK2D KO cells had exactly this motif and are judged to be likely direct CAMK2D targets. This adds to the list of known CAMK2D target proteins found in prior reductionist studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rebelo S, Santos M, Martins F, da Cruz e Silva EF, da Cruz e Silva OA. Protein phosphatase 1 is a key player in nuclear events. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2589-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
3
|
Hong X, Song R, Song H, Zheng T, Wang J, Liang Y, Qi S, Lu Z, Song X, Jiang H, Liu L, Zhang Z. PTEN antagonises Tcl1/hnRNPK-mediated G6PD pre-mRNA splicing which contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis. Gut 2014; 63:1635-47. [PMID: 24352616 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting epidemiological evidence supports a role for phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-T cell leukaemia 1 (Tcl1) signalling deregulation in hepatocarcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE To determine the molecular and biochemical mechanisms by which the PTEN/Tcl1 axis regulates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS We compared levels of PTEN and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) mRNA in human HCC and healthy liver tissue. We measured PPP flux, glucose consumption, lactate production, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) levels and lipid accumulation. We investigated the PTEN/Tcl1 axis using molecular biology, biochemistry and mass spectrometry analysis. We assessed proliferation, apoptosis and senescence in cultured cells, and tumour formation in mice. RESULTS We showed that PTEN inhibited the PPP pathway in human liver tumours. Through the PPP, PTEN suppressed glucose consumption and biosynthesis. Mechanistically, the PTEN protein bound to G6PD, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP and prevented the formation of the active G6PD dimer. Tcl1, a coactivator for Akt, reversed the effects of PTEN on biosynthesis. Tcl1 promoted G6PD activity and also increased G6PD pre-mRNA splicing and protein expression in a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNPK)-dependent manner. PTEN also formed a complex with hnRNPK, which inhibited G6PD pre-mRNA splicing. Moreover, PTEN inactivated Tcl1 via glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation. Importantly, Tcl1 knockdown enhanced the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib, whereas G6PD knockdown inhibited hepatocarcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results establish the counteraction between PTEN and Tcl1 as a key mechanism that regulates the PPP and suggest that targeting the PTEN/Tcl1/hnRNPK/G6PD axis could open up possibilities for therapeutic intervention and improve the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Hong
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruipeng Song
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiwen Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Emergence, Baoan Hospital, Southern Medical University, ShenZhen, China
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuyi Qi
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongchi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Robert-Wood-Johnson Medical School University Hospital, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weathington NM, Snavely CA, Chen BB, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Mallampalli RK. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β stabilizes the interleukin (IL)-22 receptor from proteasomal degradation in murine lung epithelia. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17610-9. [PMID: 24742671 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.551747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the interleukin (IL)-22 cytokine axis provides essential immune protection in the setting of extracellular infection as part of type 17 immunity. Molecular regulation of IL-22 receptor (IL-22R) protein levels is unknown. In murine lung epithelia, IL-22R is a relatively short-lived protein (t½ ∼1.5 h) degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome under normal unstimulated conditions, but its degradation is accelerated by IL-22 treatment. Lys(449) within the intracellular C-terminal domain of the IL-22R serves as a ubiquitin acceptor site as disruption of this site by deletion or site-directed mutagenesis creates an IL-22R variant that, when expressed in cells, is degradation-resistant and not ubiquitinated. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β phosphorylates the IL-22R within a consensus phosphorylation signature at Ser(410) and Ser(414), and IL-22 treatment of cells triggers GSK-3β inactivation. GSK-3β overexpression results in accumulation of IL-22R protein, whereas GSK-3β depletion in cells reduces levels of the receptor. Mutagenesis of IL-22R at Ser(410) and Ser(414) results in receptor variants that display reduced phosphorylation levels and are more labile as compared with wild-type IL-22R when expressed in cells. Further, the cytoskeletal protein cortactin, which is important for epithelial spreading and barrier formation, is phosphorylated and activated at the epithelial cell leading edge after treatment with IL-22, but this effect is reduced after GSK-3β knockdown. These findings reveal the ability of GSK-3β to modulate IL-22R protein stability that might have significant implications for cytoprotective functions and therapeutic targeting of the IL-22 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Courtney A Snavely
- From the Department of Medicine, the Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and
| | - Bill B Chen
- From the Department of Medicine, the Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and
| | - Jing Zhao
- From the Department of Medicine, the Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and
| | - Yutong Zhao
- From the Department of Medicine, the Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 and
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- From the Department of Medicine, the Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 and the Medical Specialty Service Line, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaidanovich-Beilin O, Woodgett JR. GSK-3: Functional Insights from Cell Biology and Animal Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2011; 4:40. [PMID: 22110425 PMCID: PMC3217193 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a widely expressed and highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase encoded in mammals by two genes that generate two related proteins: GSK-3α and GSK-3β. GSK-3 is active in cells under resting conditions and is primarily regulated through inhibition or diversion of its activity. While GSK-3 is one of the few protein kinases that can be inactivated by phosphorylation, the mechanisms of GSK-3 regulation are more varied and not fully understood. Precise control appears to be achieved by a combination of phosphorylation, localization, and sequestration by a number of GSK-3-binding proteins. GSK-3 lies downstream of several major signaling pathways including the phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase pathway, the Wnt pathway, Hedgehog signaling and Notch. Specific pools of GSK-3, which differ in intracellular localization, binding partner affinity, and relative amount are differentially sensitized to several distinct signaling pathways and these sequestration mechanisms contribute to pathway insulation and signal specificity. Dysregulation of signaling pathways involving GSK-3 is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous neurological and psychiatric disorders and there are data suggesting GSK-3 isoform-selective roles in several of these. Here, we review the current knowledge of GSK-3 regulation and targets and discuss the various animal models that have been employed to dissect the functions of GSK-3 in brain development and function through the use of conventional or conditional knockout mice as well as transgenic mice. These studies have revealed fundamental roles for these protein kinases in memory, behavior, and neuronal fate determination and provide insights into possible therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sutherland C. What Are the bona fide GSK3 Substrates? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:505607. [PMID: 21629754 PMCID: PMC3100594 DOI: 10.4061/2011/505607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 100 proteins are proposed to be substrates for GSK3, suggesting that this enzyme is a fundamental regulator of almost every process in the cell, in every tissue in the body. However, it is not certain how many of these proposed substrates are regulated by GSK3 in vivo. Clearly, the identification of the physiological functions of GSK3 will be greatly aided by the identification of its bona fide substrates, and the development of GSK3 as a therapeutic target will be highly influenced by this range of actions, hence the need to accurately establish true GSK3 substrates in cells. In this paper the evidence that proposed GSK3 substrates are likely to be physiological targets is assessed, highlighting the key cellular processes that could be modulated by GSK3 activity and inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calum Sutherland
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cardona F, Sánchez‐Mut JV, Dopazo H, Pérez‐Tur J. Phylogenetic and in silico structural analysis of the Parkinson disease‐related kinase PINK1. Hum Mutat 2011; 32:369-78. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.21444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cardona
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de València‐CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- CiberNed, Spain
| | | | - Hernán Dopazo
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Department, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez‐Tur
- Unitat de Genètica Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de València‐CSIC, Valencia, Spain
- CiberNed, Spain
| |
Collapse
|