1
|
Yang T, Ma X, Jiang M, Cheng Z, Datsomor O, Zhao G, Zhan K. The Role of Tea Tree Oil in Alleviating Palmitic Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation in Bovine Hepatocytes. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:814840. [PMID: 35127885 PMCID: PMC8814581 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.814840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea tree oil (TTO) plays an important role in lipid metabolism, alleviating the inflammatory responses. Fatty liver is associated with lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, leading to inflammation. However, there is very limited information on the effects of TTO on lipid accumulation, and inflammation in bovine hepatocytes. This study aimed to evaluate whether TTO alleviates palmitic acid (PA)-induced lipid accumulation in bovine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes isolated from mid-lactating Holstein cows were pretreated with 100 μM PA for 72 h. Cells were either pretreated with PA alone (PA group) or with PA followed by 0.00625% TTO treatment for 12 h (PT group). Expression of fatty acid oxidant genes increased (P < 0.05) while fatty acid synthesis genes decreased (P < 0.05) in the PT group compared with the PA group. PA treatment resulted in increased (P < 0.05) expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but these increases were less in the PT group (P < 0.05). Compared to the PA group, expression of phosphorylated (p)-p65 and p-inhibitor κBα (p-IκBα) was suppressed (P < 0.05) by TTO treatment. TTO treatment limited (P < 0.05) the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented (P < 0.05) a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential observed in response to PA treatment. Expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes was reduced (P < 0.05) in the PT group compared with the PA group. Our results suggest that TTO treatment attenuates the effects of PA in hepatocytes, leading to fatty acid oxidation, decreased fatty acid synthesis, suppressed inflammatory response, and reduced ER stress. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that TTO treatment may be a promising therapeutic approach to imbalanced lipid homeostasis, inflammation and ER stress in dairy cows shortly before and after calving.
Collapse
|
2
|
Defining the AHR-regulated transcriptome in NK cells reveals gene expression programs relevant to development and function. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4605-4618. [PMID: 34559190 PMCID: PMC8759121 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AHR directly regulates a wide range of genes in NK cells, including those involved in cell signaling, oxidative stress, and metabolism. Knowing of the repertoire of genes regulated by AHR may help us better understand NK-cell dysfunction mediated by AHR ligands in cancer.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates cellular processes in cancer and immunity, including innate immune cell development and effector function. However, the transcriptional repertoire through which AHR mediates these effects remains largely unexplored. To elucidate the transcriptional elements directly regulated by AHR in natural killer (NK) cells, we performed RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing on NK cells exposed to AHR agonist or antagonist. We show that mature peripheral blood NK cells lack AHR, but its expression is induced by Stat3 during interleukin-21–driven activation and proliferation, coincident with increased NCAM1 (CD56) expression resulting in a CD56bright phenotype. Compared with control conditions, NK cells expanded in the presence of the AHR antagonist, StemRegenin-1, were unaffected in proliferation or cytotoxicity, had no increase in NCAM1 transcription, and maintained the CD56dim phenotype. However, it showed altered expression of 1004 genes including those strongly associated with signaling pathways. In contrast, NK cells expanded in the presence of the AHR agonist, kynurenine, showed decreased cytotoxicity and altered expression of 97 genes including those strongly associated with oxidative stress and cellular metabolism. By overlaying these differentially expressed genes with AHR chromatin binding, we identified 160 genes directly regulated by AHR, including hallmark AHR targets AHRR and CYP1B1 and known regulators of phenotype, development, metabolism, and function such as NCAM1, KIT, NQO1, and TXN. In summary, we define the AHR transcriptome in NK cells, propose a model of AHR and Stat3 coregulation, and identify potential pathways that may be targeted to overcome AHR-mediated immune suppression.
Collapse
|
3
|
Shang Y, Wang Q, Li J, Liu H, Zhao Q, Huang X, Dong H, Chen W, Gui R, Nie X. Zirconia Nanoparticles Induce HeLa Cell Death Through Mitochondrial Apoptosis and Autophagy Pathways Mediated by ROS. Front Chem 2021; 9:522708. [PMID: 33796503 PMCID: PMC8007972 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.522708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) are commonly used in the field of biomedical materials, but their antitumor activity and mechanism is unclear. Herein, we evaluated the anti-tumor activity of ZrO2 NPs and explored the anti-tumor mechanism. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HeLa cells was elevated after ZrO2 NPs treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, the mitochondria of HeLa cells were swollen, accompanied with the induction of autophagic vacuoles. In addition, flow cytometry analysis showed that the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells increased significantly by Annexin staining after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was reduced significantly. The proliferation of HeLa cells decreased as indicated by reduced Ki-67 labeling. In contrast, TUNEL-positive cells in tumor tissues increased after treatment with ZrO2 NPs, which is accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial apoptotic proteins including Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Cytochrome C (Cyt C) and increased expression of autophagy-related proteins including Atg5, Atg12, Beclin-1, and LC3-II. Treating HeLa cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly reduced ROS, rate of apoptosis, MMP, and in vivo anti-tumor activity. In addition, apoptosis- and autophagy-related protein expressions were also suppressed. Based on these observations, we conclude that ZrO2 NPs induce HeLa cell death through ROS mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Shang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueyuan Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hang Dong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wansong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Gui
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinmin Nie
- Clinical Laboratory of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
FoxO1 Overexpression Ameliorates TNF- α-Induced Oxidative Damage and Promotes Osteogenesis of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via Antioxidant Defense Activation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2120453. [PMID: 31781234 PMCID: PMC6875375 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2120453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic disease that includes the pathologic loss of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone. The inflammatory environment in periodontitis impairs the osteogenic differentiation potential and depresses the regeneration capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Since Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) plays an important role in redox balance and bone formation, we investigated the role of FoxO1 in oxidative stress resistance and osteogenic differentiation in an inflammatory environment by overexpressing FoxO1 in hPDLSCs. First, we found that FoxO1 overexpression reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and elevated antioxidant potential under oxidative condition. Next, the overexpression of FoxO1 protected hPDLSCs against oxidative damage, which involved stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Third, overexpressed FoxO1 promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization and increased the expression of the osteogenic markers Runx2 and SP7 in the inflammatory environment. These results indicated that FoxO1 overexpression in hPDLSCs has an anti-inflammatory effect, increases antioxidative capacity, and positively regulates osteogenesis in a mimicked inflammatory environment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Selimovic D, Wahl RU, Ruiz E, Aslam R, Flanagan TW, Hassan SY, Santourlidis S, Haikel Y, Friedlander P, Megahed M, Kandil E, Hassan M. Tumor necrosis factor-α triggers opposing signals in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and induces apoptosis via mitochondrial- and non-mitochondrial-dependent pathways. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1324-1338. [PMID: 31638203 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although the treatment outcomes of HNSCC have improved in recent years, the prognosis of patients with advanced-stage disease remains poor. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC include surgery as a primary therapy, while radio-, chemo-, and biotherapeutics can be applied as second-line therapy. Although tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a potent tumor suppressor cytokine, the stimulation of opposing signals impairs its clinical utility as an anticancer agent. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms regulating TNF-α‑induced opposing signals and their biological consequences in HNSCC cell lines. We determined the molecular mechanisms of TNF-α-induced opposing signals in HNSCC cells. Our in vitro analysis indicated that one of these signals triggers apoptosis, while the other induces both apoptosis and cell survival. The TNF-α-induced survival of HNSCC cells is mediated by the TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent pathway, while TNF-α-induced apoptosis is mediated by mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms through FADD-caspase-8-caspase-3 and ASK-JNK-p53-Noxa pathways. The localization of Noxa protein to both the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was found to cause mitochondrial dysregulation and ER stress, respectively. Using inhibitory experiments, we demonstrated that the FADD‑caspase-8‑caspase-3 pathway, together with mitochondrial dysregulation and ER stress-dependent pathways, are essential for the modulation of apoptosis, and the NF-κB pathway is essential for the modulation of anti-apoptotic effects/cell survival during the exposure of HNSCC cells to TNF-α. Our data provide insight into the mechanisms of TNF-α-induced opposing signals in HNSCC cells and may further help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches with which to minimize the systemic toxicity of TNF-α.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- INSERM UMR 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Renate U Wahl
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital οf Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Ruiz
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rizwan Aslam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Thomas W Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Youssef Haikel
- INSERM UMR 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Friedlander
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mosaad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital οf Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- INSERM UMR 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen YY, Zhou YQ, Zhao N, Zhang Y, Xu WQ, Tang YM. Evaluation of IVIG response in relation to Th1/Th2 cytokines in pediatricm immune thrombocytopenia. Cytokine 2019; 120:234-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
7
|
Fujii T, Naing A, Rolfo C, Hajjar J. Biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 130:108-120. [PMID: 30196907 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) are emerging as the new corner stone of cancer treatment due to their ability to produce durable responses in patients with various cancers. But, objective responses to ICPis vary among each type of cancer. Further, treatment with ICPis is often associated with risk of developing immune-related adverse event, which are potentially life-threatening if untreated, indicating a need for patient selection. However, given the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the dynamic interaction between tumor and immune cells, development of robust biomarkers to predict patients who are likely to respond to treatment with ICPis remains a challenge. In this review we present an overview of the immune monitoring strategies that are currently in use to enable appropriate patient selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Fujii
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Thoracic Medical Oncology, Early Clinical Trials, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center (UMGCCC), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joud Hajjar
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jochems C, Fantini M, Fernando RI, Kwilas AR, Donahue RN, Lepone LM, Grenga I, Kim YS, Brechbiel MW, Gulley JL, Madan RA, Heery CR, Hodge JW, Newton R, Schlom J, Tsang KY. The IDO1 selective inhibitor epacadostat enhances dendritic cell immunogenicity and lytic ability of tumor antigen-specific T cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37762-37772. [PMID: 27192116 PMCID: PMC5122347 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epacadostat is a novel inhibitor of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) that suppresses systemic tryptophan catabolism and is currently being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials. We investigated the effects of epacadostat on (a) human dendritic cells (DCs) with respect to maturation and ability to activate human tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) lines, and subsequent T-cell lysis of tumor cells, (b) human regulatory T cells (Tregs), and (c) human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. Simultaneous treatment with epacadostat and IFN-γ plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not change the phenotype of matured human DCs, and as expected decreased the tryptophan breakdown and kynurenine production. Peptide-specific T-cell lines stimulated with DCs pulsed with peptide produced significantly more IFN-γ, TNFα, GM-CSF and IL-8 if the DCs were treated with epacadostat. These T cells also displayed higher levels of tumor cell lysis on a per cell basis. Epacadostat also significantly decreased Treg proliferation induced by IDO production from IFN-γ plus LPS matured human DCs, although the Treg phenotype did not change. Multicolor flow cytometry was performed on human PBMCs treated with epacadostat; analysis of 123 discrete immune cell subsets revealed no changes in major immune cell types, an increase in activated CD83+ conventional DCs, and a decrease in immature activated Tim3+ NK cells. These studies show for the first time several effects of epacadostat on human DCs, and subsequent effects on CTL and Tregs, and provide a rationale as to how epacadostat could potentially increase the efficacy of immunotherapeutics, including cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jochems
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Romaine I Fernando
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna R Kwilas
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Renee N Donahue
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren M Lepone
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Italia Grenga
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Young-Seung Kim
- Radioimmune Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martin W Brechbiel
- Radioimmune Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher R Heery
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kwong Y Tsang
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yun X, Rao W, Xiao C, Huang Q. Apoptosis of leukemia K562 and Molt-4 cells induced by emamectin benzoate involving mitochondrial membrane potential loss and intracellular Ca 2+ modulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 52:280-287. [PMID: 28525847 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia threatens millions of people's health and lives, and the pesticide-induced leukemia has been increasingly concerned because of the etiologic exposure. In this paper, cytotoxic effect of emamectin benzoate (EMB), an excellent natural-product insecticide, was evaluated through monitoring cell viability, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in leukemia K562 and Molt-4 cells. Following the exposure to EMB, cell viability was decreased and positive apoptosis of K562 and Molt-4 cells was increased in a concentration- and time- dependent fashion. In the treatment of 10μM EMB, apoptotic cells accounted for 93.0% to K562 cells and 98.9% to Molt-4 cells based on the control, meanwhile, 63.47% of K562 cells and 81.15% of Molt-4 cells exhibited late apoptotic and necrotic features with damaged cytoplasmic membrane. 48h exposure to 10μM EMB increased significantly the great number of cells with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, and the elevation of [Ca2+]i level was peaked and persisted within 70s in K562 cells whilst 50s in Molt-4 cells. Moreover, a stronger cytotoxicity of EMB was further observed than that of imatinib. The results authenticate the efficacious effect of EMB as a potential anti-leukemia agent and an inconsistency with regard to insecticide-induced leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Yun
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenbing Rao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ciying Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El Jamal SM, Taylor EB, Abd Elmageed ZY, Alamodi AA, Selimovic D, Alkhateeb A, Hannig M, Hassan SY, Santourlidis S, Friedlander PL, Haikel Y, Vijaykumar S, Kandil E, Hassan M. Interferon gamma-induced apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is connected to indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase via mitochondrial and ER stress-associated pathways. Cell Div 2016; 11:11. [PMID: 27486476 PMCID: PMC4969639 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-016-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor response to immunotherapy is the consequence of a concerted crosstalk between cytokines and effector cells. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is one of the common cytokines coordinating tumor immune response and the associated biological consequences. Although the role of IFNγ in the modulation of tumor immunity has been widely documented, the mechanisms regulating IFNγ-induced cell death, during the course of immune therapy, is not described in detail. Results IFNγ triggered apoptosis of CLS-354 and RPMI 2650 cells, enhanced the protein expression and activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and suppressed the basal expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1). Interestingly, IFNγ induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytokine also induced the activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), p38, c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB pathways and the transcription factors STAT1, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), AP-1, ATF-2, NF-κB and p53, and expression of Noxa protein. Furthermore, IFNγ was found to trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as evidenced by the cleavage of caspase-4 and activation of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and inositol-requiring-1α (IRE1α) pathways. Using specific inhibitors, we identified a potential role for IDO as apoptotic mediator in the regulation of IFNγ-induced apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells via Noxa-mediated mitochondrial dysregulation and ER stress. Conclusion In addition to the elucidation of the role of IDO in the modulation of apoptosis, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of IFNγ-induced apoptosis of HNSCC cells during the course of immune therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siraj M El Jamal
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | | | - Abdulhadi A Alamodi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Denis Selimovic
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany ; Division of Oral Health Science, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Abdulaziz Alkhateeb
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, Puwelstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany ; College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sofie Y Hassan
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, Puwelstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, University Hospital of Duesseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, Mooren Str.5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Paul L Friedlander
- Departments of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France ; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Srinivasan Vijaykumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA ; Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Departments of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA ; Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany ; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France ; Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Song H, Guo T, Zhu Y, Tang H, Qi Z, Zhao P, Zhao S. Overexpression of Annexin II Receptor-Induced Autophagy Protects Against Apoptosis in Uveal Melanoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:145-51. [PMID: 27183438 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuelu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyuan Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongtian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shihong Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
El-Khattouti A, Selimovic D, Hannig M, Taylor EB, Abd Elmageed ZY, Hassan SY, Haikel Y, Kandil E, Leverkus M, Brodell RT, Megahed M, Hassan M. Imiquimod-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is mediated by ER stress-dependent Noxa induction and enhanced by NF-κB inhibition. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:266-86. [PMID: 26578344 PMCID: PMC4727561 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is characterized by dysregulated intracellular signalling pathways including an impairment of the cell death machinery, ultimately resulting in melanoma resistance, survival and progression. This explains the tumour's extraordinary resistance to the standard treatment. Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier (imidazoquinoline) with both antiviral and antitumour activities. The mechanism by which imiquimod triggers the apoptosis of melanoma cells has now been carefully elucidated. Imiquimod‐induced apoptosis is associated with the activation of apoptosis signalling regulating kinase1/c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase/p38 pathways and the induction of endoplasmic stress characterized by the activation of the protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase signalling pathway, increase in intracellular Ca2+ release, degradation of calpain and subsequent cleavage of caspase‐4. Moreover, imiquimod triggers the activation of NF‐κB and the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) such as, X‐linked IAP (XIAP) together with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, imiquimod triggers mitochondrial dysregulation characterized by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), the increase in cytochrome c release, and cleavage of caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). Inhibitors of specific pathways, permit the elucidation of possible mechanisms of imiquimod‐induced apoptosis. They demonstrate that inhibition of NF‐kB by the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa‐B kinase (IKK) inhibitor Bay 11‐782 or knockdown of XIAP induces melanoma apoptosis in cells exposed to imiquimod. These findings support the use of either IKK inhibitors or IAP antagonists as adjuvant therapies to improve the effectiveness topical imiquimod in the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Selimovic
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Sofie Y Hassan
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Martin Leverkus
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert T Brodell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mosaad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) is a member of a unique class of mammalian haem dioxygenases that catalyse the oxidative catabolism of the least-abundant essential amino acid, L-Trp (L-tryptophan), along the kynurenine pathway. Significant increases in knowledge have been recently gained with respect to understanding the fundamental biochemistry of IDO1 including its catalytic reaction mechanism, the scope of enzyme reactions it catalyses, the biochemical mechanisms controlling IDO1 expression and enzyme activity, and the discovery of enzyme inhibitors. Major advances in understanding the roles of IDO1 in physiology and disease have also been realised. IDO1 is recognised as a prominent immune regulatory enzyme capable of modulating immune cell activation status and phenotype via several molecular mechanisms including enzyme-dependent deprivation of L-Trp and its conversion into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand kynurenine and other bioactive kynurenine pathway metabolites, or non-enzymatic cell signalling actions involving tyrosine phosphorylation of IDO1. Through these different modes of biochemical signalling, IDO1 regulates certain physiological functions (e.g. pregnancy) and modulates the pathogenesis and severity of diverse conditions including chronic inflammation, infectious disease, allergic and autoimmune disorders, transplantation, neuropathology and cancer. In the present review, we detail the current understanding of IDO1’s catalytic actions and the biochemical mechanisms regulating IDO1 expression and activity. We also discuss the biological functions of IDO1 with a focus on the enzyme's immune-modulatory function, its medical implications in diverse pathological settings and its utility as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yuan N, Song L, Zhang S, Lin W, Cao Y, Xu F, Fang Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Li X, Wang Z, Cai J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Mao X, Zhao W, Hu S, Chen S, Wang J. Bafilomycin A1 targets both autophagy and apoptosis pathways in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2014; 100:345-56. [PMID: 25512644 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common type of pediatric leukemia. Despite improved remission rates, current treatment regimens for pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are often associated with adverse effects and central nervous system relapse, necessitating more effective and safer agents. Bafilomycin A1 is an inhibitor of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase that is frequently used at high concentration to block late-phase autophagy. Here, we show that bafilomycin A1 at a low concentration (1 nM) effectively and specifically inhibited and killed pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. It targeted both early and late stages of the autophagy pathway by activating mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and by disassociating the Beclin 1-Vps34 complex, as well as by inhibiting the formation of autolysosomes, all of which attenuated functional autophagy. Bafilomycin A1 also targeted mitochondria and induced caspase-independent apoptosis by inducing the translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor from mitochondria to the nucleus. Moreover, bafilomycin A1 induced the binding of Beclin 1 to Bcl-2, which further inhibited autophagy and promoted apoptotic cell death. In primary cells from pediatric patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a xenograft model, bafilomycin A1 specifically targeted leukemia cells while sparing normal cells. An in vivo mouse toxicity assay confirmed that bafilomycin A1 is safe. Our data thus suggest that bafilomycin A1 is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Yuan
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Song
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Fang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Mao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Suning Chen
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Wang
- Hematology Center of Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Affiliated Children's Hospital, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Direct T cell-tumour interaction triggers TH1 phenotype activation through the modification of the mesenchymal stromal cells transcriptional programme. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2955-64. [PMID: 24809778 PMCID: PMC4056054 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are heterogeneous cells with immunoregulatory and wound-healing properties. In cancer, they are known to be an essential part of the tumour microenvironment. However, their role in tumour growth and rejection remains unclear. To investigate this, we co-cultured human MSCs, tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and melanoma cells to investigate the role of MSCs in the tumour environment. METHODS Mesenchymal stromal cells were co-cultured with melanoma antigen-specific TIL that were stimulated either with HLA-A*0201(+) melanoma cells or with a corresponding clone that had lost HLA-A*0201 expression. RESULTS Activated TIL induced profound pro-inflammatory gene expression signature in MSCs. Analysis of culture supernatant found that MSCs secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TH1 cytokines that have been previously associated with immune-mediated antitumor responses. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis on selected markers revealed that the same activated MSCs secreted both the TH1 cytokine (interleukin-12) and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), a classical immunosuppressive factor. CONCLUSIONS This study reflected that the plasticity of MSCs is highly dependent upon microenvironment conditions. Tumour-activated TIL induced TH1 phenotype change in MSCs that is qualitatively similar to the previously described immunologic constant of rejection signature observed during immune-mediated, tissue-specific destruction. This response may be responsible for the in loco amplification of antigen-specific anti-cancer immune response.
Collapse
|
16
|
Selimovic D, Badura HE, El-Khattouti A, Soell M, Porzig BBOW, Spernger A, Ghanjati F, Santourlidis S, Haikel Y, Hassan M. Vinblastine-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is mediated by Ras homologous A protein (Rho A) via mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms. Apoptosis 2014; 18:980-97. [PMID: 23564313 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of melanoma treatment at the primary site, the recurrence of local melanoma can metastasize to any distant organ. Currently, the available therapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma are of limited benefit. Thus, the functional analysis of conventional therapies may help to improve their efficiency in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. In the present study, the exposure of melanoma cells to vinblastine was found to trigger apoptosis as evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of both cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor, activation of caspase-9 and 3, and cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose)-Polymerase. Also, vinblastine enhances the phosphorylation of Ras homologous protein A, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, the release of intracellular Ca(2+), as well as the activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-jun-N-terminal kinase, p38, inhibitor of kappaBα (IκBα) kinase, and inositol requiring enzyme 1α. In addition, vinblastine induces the DNA-binding activities of the transcription factor NF-κB, HSF1, AP-1, and ATF-2, together with the expression of HSP70 and Bax proteins. Moreover, inhibitory experiments addressed a central role for Rho A in the regulation of vinblastine-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells via mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial-dependent mechanisms. In conclusion, the present study addresses for the first time a central role for Rho A in the modulation of vinblastine-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells and thereby provides an insight into the molecular action of vinblastine in melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, Faculty of Medicine and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tosti G, Cocorocchio E, Pennacchioli E. Anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 antibodies in melanoma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2013; 6:245-56. [PMID: 24204168 PMCID: PMC3804494 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s24246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approaches aimed at enhancement of the tumor specific response have provided proof for the rationale of immunotherapy in cancer, both in animal models and in humans. Ipilimumab, an anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody, is a new generation immunotherapeutic agent that has shown activity in terms of disease free and overall survival in metastatic melanoma patients. Its use was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in March 2011 to treat patients with late stage melanoma that has spread or that cannot be removed by surgery. The mechanism of action of CTLA-4 antibodies in the activation of an antitumor immune response and selected clinical studies of ipilimumab in advanced melanoma patients are discussed. Ipilimumab treatment has been associated with immune related adverse events due to T-cell activation and proliferation. Most of these serious adverse effects are associated with the gastrointestinal tract and include severe diarrhea and colitis. The relationship between immune related adverse events and antitumor activity associated with ipilimumab was explored in clinical studies. Potential biomarkers predictive for clinical response and survival in patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 therapy are presently under investigation. Besides the conventional patterns of response and stable disease as defined by standard Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria, in subsets of patients, ipilimumab has shown patterns of delayed clinical activity which were associated with an improved overall survival. For this reason a new set of response criteria for tumor immunotherapy has been proposed, which was termed immune related response criteria. These new criteria are presently used to better analyze clinical activity of immunotherapeutic regimens. Ipilimumab is currently under investigation in combination with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, target agents, radiotherapy, and other immuno-therapeutic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Tosti
- Divisione Melanomi e Sarcomi, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
El-Khattouti A, Selimovic D, Haikel Y, Hassan M. Crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in cancer. J Cell Death 2013; 6:37-55. [PMID: 25278778 PMCID: PMC4147769 DOI: 10.4137/jcd.s11034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both apoptosis and autophagy are highly conserved processes that besides their role in the maintenance of the organismal and cellular homeostasis serve as a main target of tumor therapeutics. Although their important roles in the modulation of tumor therapeutic strategies have been widely reported, the molecular actions of both apoptosis and autophagy are counteracted by cancer protective mechanisms. While apoptosis is a tightly regulated process that is implicated in the removal of damaged or unwanted cells, autophagy is a cellular catabolic pathway that is involved in lysosomal degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles, and thereby is considered an important survival/protective mechanism for cancer cells in response to metabolic stress or chemotherapy. Although the relationship between autophagy and cell death is very complicated and has not been characterized in detail, the molecular mechanisms that control this relationship are considered to be a relevant target for the development of a therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, autophagy, and those of the crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in order to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms that may be essential for the balance between cell survival and death as well as their role as targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Selimovic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, 67000 Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Selimovic D, Porzig BBOW, El-Khattouti A, Badura HE, Ahmad M, Ghanjati F, Santourlidis S, Haikel Y, Hassan M. Bortezomib/proteasome inhibitor triggers both apoptosis and autophagy-dependent pathways in melanoma cells. Cell Signal 2012; 25:308-18. [PMID: 23079083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Generally, both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysregulation are a potential therapeutic target of anticancer agents including bortezomib. The treatment of melanoma cells with bortezomib was found to induce apoptosis together with the upregulation of Noxa, Mcl-1, and HSP70 proteins, and the cleavage of LC3 and autophagic formation. Also, bortezomib induced ER-stress as evidenced by the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) release. In addition, bortezomib enhanced the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase and endonuclease 1α (IRE1α), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, and the activation of the transcription factors AP-1, ATF-2, Ets-1, and HSF1. Bortezomib-induced mitochondrial dysregulation was associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of both apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c, the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The pretreatment of melanoma cells with the inhibitor of caspase-3 (Ac-DEVD-CHO) was found to block bortezomib-induced apoptosis that subsequently led to the increase of autophagic formation. In contrast, the inhibition of ASK1 abrogated bortezomib-induced autophagic formation and increased apoptosis induction. Furthermore, the inhibition of JNK, of HSP70 also increased apoptosis induction without influence of bortezomib-induced autophagic formation. Based on the inhibitory experiments, the treatment with bortezomib triggers the activation of both ER-stress-associated pathways, namely IRE1α-ASK1-p38-ATF-2/ets-1-Mcl-1, and IRE1α-ASK1-JNK-AP-1/HSF1-HSP70 as well as mitochondrial dysregulation-associated pathways, namely ROS-ASK1-JNK-AP-1/HSF1-HS70, and AIF-caspase-3-PARP and Cyt.c, and caspase-9-caspase-3-PARP. Taken together, our data demonstrates for the first time the molecular mechanisms, whereby bortezomib triggers both apoptosis and autophagic formation in melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 977, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hassan M, Selimovic D, El-Khattouti A, Ghozlan H, Haikel Y, Abdelkader O. Hepatitis C virus-host interactions: Etiopathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. World J Exp Med 2012; 2:7-25. [PMID: 24520529 PMCID: PMC3905577 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v2.i2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant health problem facing the world. This virus infects more than 170 million people worldwide and is considered the major cause of both acute and chronic hepatitis. Persons become infected mainly through parenteral exposure to infected material by blood transfusions or injections with nonsterile needles. Although the sexual behavior is considered as a high risk factor for HCV infection, the transmission of HCV infection through sexual means, is less frequently. Currently, the available treatment for patients with chronic HCV infection is interferon based therapies alone or in combination with ribavirin and protease inhibitors. Although a sustained virological response of patients to the applied therapy, a great portion of patients did not show any response. HCV infection is mostly associated with progressive liver diseases including fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the focus of many patients and clinicians is sometimes limited to that problem, the natural history of HCV infection (HCV) is also associated with the development of several extrahepatic manifestations including dermatologic, rheumatologic, neurologic, and nephrologic complications, diabetes, arterial hypertension, autoantibodies and cryglobulins. Despite the notion that HCV-mediated extrahepatic manifestations are credible, the mechanism of their modulation is not fully described in detail. Therefore, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCV-induced alteration of intracellular signal transduction pathways, during the course of HCV infection, may offer novel therapeutic targets for HCV-associated both hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. This review will elaborate the etiopathogenesis of HCV-host interactions and summarize the current knowledge of HCV-associated diseases and their possible therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassan
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Denis Selimovic
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Abdelouahid El-Khattouti
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Hanan Ghozlan
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Ola Abdelkader
- Mohamed Hassan, Denis Selimovic, Youssef Haikel, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, U 977, Faculty of Medicine, and Dental Faculty, 11 Rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Selimovic D, Sprenger A, Hannig M, Haïkel Y, Hassan M. Apoptosis related protein-1 triggers melanoma cell death via interaction with the juxtamembrane region of p75 neurotrophin receptor. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:349-61. [PMID: 21418516 PMCID: PMC3823298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although chemotherapeutic drugs could theoretically target all metastatic sites, current treatments do not provide complementary therapeutics. Therefore, the development of an alternative approach replacing the traditional therapy is urgently needed. To assess the killing efficiency of the functionally identified apoptosis-related protein (APR)-1 in melanoma cells, we established a system for the regulated expression of APR-1. The induction of APR-1 expression caused apoptosis of melanoma cells via the interaction with the juxtamembrane region of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), and possible also via the competition with tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6) and the catalytic receptor of neurotrophin (Trk) for the same p75NTR interacting site. The accumulation of APR-1 in melanoma cells may block the physical association of p75NRT with TRAF6 and/or Trk, leading to the disruption of both NF-κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways. Also, accumulation of APR-1 protein enhanced the activity of both c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 pathways. However, the analysis of APR-1-modulated pathways demonstrated the involvement of apoptosis-regulating kinase 1-JNK/p38 pathway in the induction of Bax expression leading to both mitochondrial dysregulation [as demonstrated by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of both cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor into cytoplasm, and cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)] and endoplasmic reticulum stress as demonstrated by the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) release. Thus, besides the analysis of its pro-apoptotic function, our data provide insight into the molecular mechanism of APR-1-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U977), University of StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
- Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Dental Faculty, University of StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Achim Sprenger
- Laboratory for Molecular Tumour Therapy, Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of DuesseldorfDuesseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland UniversityHomburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Youssef Haïkel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U977), University of StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U977), University of StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
- Laboratory for Molecular Tumour Therapy, Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of DuesseldorfDuesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cavia-Saiz M, Muñiz P, De Santiago R, Herreros-Villanueva M, Garcia-Giron C, Lopez AS, Coma-Del Corral MJ. Changes in the levels of thioredoxin and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase activity in plasma of patients with colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:173-8. [PMID: 22257103 DOI: 10.1139/o11-077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity have been reported in cancer, but their relationship with chemotherapy remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine wether the chemotherapy treatments used in colorectal cancer had an additional effect on oxidative stress and on IDO activity. Plasma samples were collected from 27 colorectal cancer patients on cytostatic treatment, 27 with cytostatic drugs plus monoclonal antibodies (cytostatic-Mabs) and 15 non-treated patients. All patients with colorectal cancer had high plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), thioredoxin (Trx) levels, and elevated IDO activity in plasma (IDOp) and in dendritic cells (IDOc). This study shows that treatment with cytostatics have an effect on oxidative stress by increasing MDA levels and by decreasing Trx levels and IDO activity. However, treatment with cytostatic-Mabs showed no effect on MDA levels but decreased Trx levels, and the IDO activity showed values similar to the healthy group. Significant correlations between plasma IDO activity and the levels of Trx (r = 0.2062, p < 0.05) and MDA (r = 0.2873, p < 0.005) were observed. Furthermore, our study suggests that IDO activity measured as kynurenine levels could be used as a marker of the response to the chemotherapy treatments, although further studies are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cavia-Saiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Yagüe, Avenida del Cid, 96, Burgos 09005, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hamid O, Schmidt H, Nissan A, Ridolfi L, Aamdal S, Hansson J, Guida M, Hyams DM, Gómez H, Bastholt L, Chasalow SD, Berman D. A prospective phase II trial exploring the association between tumor microenvironment biomarkers and clinical activity of ipilimumab in advanced melanoma. J Transl Med 2011; 9:204. [PMID: 22123319 PMCID: PMC3239318 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, has demonstrated an improvement in overall survival in two phase III trials of patients with advanced melanoma. The primary objective of the current trial was to prospectively explore candidate biomarkers from the tumor microenvironment for associations with clinical response to ipilimumab. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, phase II biomarker study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00261365), 82 pretreated or treatment-naïve patients with unresectable stage III/IV melanoma were induced with 3 or 10 mg/kg ipilimumab every 3 weeks for 4 doses; at Week 24, patients could receive maintenance doses every 12 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated per modified World Health Organization response criteria and safety was assessed continuously. Candidate biomarkers were evaluated in tumor biopsies collected pretreatment and 24 to 72 hours after the second ipilimumab dose. Polymorphisms in immune-related genes were also evaluated. Results Objective response rate, response patterns, and safety were consistent with previous trials of ipilimumab in melanoma. No associations between genetic polymorphisms and clinical activity were observed. Immunohistochemistry and histology on tumor biopsies revealed significant associations between clinical activity and high baseline expression of FoxP3 (p = 0.014) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (p = 0.012), and between clinical activity and increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) between baseline and 3 weeks after start of treatment (p = 0.005). Microarray analysis of mRNA from tumor samples taken pretreatment and post-treatment demonstrated significant increases in expression of several immune-related genes, and decreases in expression of genes implicated in cancer and melanoma. Conclusions Baseline expression of immune-related tumor biomarkers and a post-treatment increase in TILs may be positively associated with ipilimumab clinical activity. The observed pharmacodynamic changes in gene expression warrant further analysis to determine whether treatment-emergent changes in gene expression may be associated with clinical efficacy. Further studies are required to determine the predictive value of these and other potential biomarkers associated with clinical response to ipilimumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Hamid
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Selimovic D, Ahmad M, El-Khattouti A, Hannig M, Haïkel Y, Hassan M. Apoptosis-related protein-2 triggers melanoma cell death by a mechanism including both endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysregulation. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1268-78. [PMID: 21693538 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancers including melanoma are frequently associated with increased resistance to apoptosis induced by various therapeutic modalities, and the success of systemic therapy for the treatment of metastatic melanoma is minimal. In the present study, we demonstrated the ability of apoptosis-related protein (APR)-2 to trigger cell death via mechanism mediated by both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [as evidenced by the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) release, the activation of both, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and calpain and cleavage of caspase-4] and mitochondrial dysregulation as evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, Cytochrome c release and cleavage of caspases-9 and -3, and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP). Also, the activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1, c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the transcription factors AP-1 and p53, and the induction of Bax expression were noted in APR-2-expressing cells. Both immune fluorescence staining and western blotting revealed the localization of APR-2 at ER and Bax protein at both mitochondria and ER. However, data of inhibitory experiments demonstrated that APR-2-induced apoptosis of melanoma cells is mediated by three parallel pathways: one of them IRE1/tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2/ASK1/JNK/Cyt.c/caspase-9/caspase-3/PARP) seems to be mitochondrial dependent, whereas, the other two pathways namely calpain/caspase-4/caspase-9/caspase-3/PARP and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase/ATF4/C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)/Bim seem to be mitochondrial independent. In conclusion, our data provide insight into the molecular mechanism of APR-2-induced apoptosis and suggest APR-2 gene transfer as an alternative approach for the treatment of chemoresistance melanoma metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Selimovic
- INSERM U977, and Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
L-kynurenine-induced apoptosis in human NK cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:932-8. [PMID: 21352963 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays a pivotal role in the modulation of immune response against tumor and virus infection. Here we demonstrate the pro-apoptotic effect of L-kynurenine, a tryptophan catabolite of IDO, on human NK cell line, NK92 MI. Treatment with L-kynurenine dose-dependently induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in NK92 MI cells. Treatment with the antioxidant NAC completely protected cells from L-kynurenine-induced apoptosis. Moreover, we found that treatment with Z-VAD-fmk and ZB4 slightly inhibited L-kynurenine-induced apoptosis, suggesting that L-kynurenine-induced apoptosis in NK cells occurs primarily through an ROS mediated pathway. We observed that the presence of NAC blocks cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3 during L-kynurenine-induced apoptosis. Overall, we conclude that L-kynurenine resulting from IDO can cause cell death via ROS pathway in NK cells. Our findings provide a new insight into the interaction between NK cells and IDO positive cancer cells in regulating immune responses.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hoos A, Ibrahim R, Korman A, Abdallah K, Berman D, Shahabi V, Chin K, Canetta R, Humphrey R. Development of Ipilimumab: Contribution to a New Paradigm for Cancer Immunotherapy. Semin Oncol 2010; 37:533-46. [DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
27
|
Hassan M, Matuschek C, Gerber PA, Peiper M, Budach W, Bölke E. Identification of candidate genes with pro-apoptotic properties by functional screening of randomly fragmented cDNA libraries. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15:162-8. [PMID: 20564833 PMCID: PMC3401000 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-4-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequences of many genomes are available; therefore, relevant methods are needed for rapid and efficient identification of functional genes. The ability of tumour cells to resist apoptosis induced by anticancer agents may decide the success of failure of tumour elimination. Although the CD95-signalling pathway is functional in tumour cells, the increased resistance of tumour cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis has been widely reported. In order to identify genes that might determine the response of tumour cells to CD95-mediated apoptosis, we modified the conventional technical knock out (TKO) strategy for isolation of genes that function in CD95-mediated apoptosis. Due to the fact that multiple different plasmids are usually introduced into the same cells, the effectiveness of the conventional TKO strategies is low. To overcome this obstacle, we replaced the conventional TKO strategy (based on stably expressed randomly fragmented cDNA libraries) with a multi-cycle selection procedure (based on transiently expressed randomly fragmented cDNA libraries with multi-cycle selection). Using this approach we could rapidly and significantly identify small numbers of antisense mRNA molecules, whose re-introduction into different tumour types confirmed their ability to block the pro-apoptotic function of their cognate genes. Thus, our modified TKO strategy provides a generally applicable procedure for the identification of functional genes with pro-apoptotic properties that may be clinically relevant to tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hassan
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|