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Qu P, Wang L, Min Y, McKennett L, Keller JR, Lin PC. Vav1 Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Decision Between Adipocyte and Chondrocyte via Sirt1. Stem Cells 2016; 34:1934-46. [PMID: 26990002 PMCID: PMC7780243 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells residing in the bone marrow. MSCs have the potential to differentiate to adipocytes, chondrocytes, and other types of cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism that controls MSC cell fate decisions for differentiation. We found that Vav1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPase, was highly expressed in MSCs. Interestingly, loss of Vav1 in MSCs led to spontaneous adipogenic but impaired chondrogenic differentiation, and accordingly Vav1 null mice displayed an increase in fat content and a decrease in cartilage. Conversely, ectopic expression of Vav1 in MSCs reversed this phenotype, and led to enhanced MSC differentiation into chondrocyte but retarded adipogenesis. Mechanistically, loss of Vav1 reduced the level of Sirt1, which was responsible for an increase of acetylated PPARγ. As acetylation activates PPARγ, it increased C/EBPα expression and promoted adipogenesis. On the other hand, loss of Vav1 resulted in an increase of acetylated Sox9, a target of Sirt1. As acetylation represses Sox9 activity, it led to a dramatic reduction of collagen 2α1, a key regulator in chondrocyte differentiation. Finally, we found that Vav1 regulates Sirt1 in MSCs through Creb. Together this study reveals a novel function of Vav1 in regulating MSC cell fate decisions for differentiation through Sirt1. Sirt1 deacetylates PPARγ and Sox9, two key mediators that control adipocyte and chondrocyte differentiation. The acetylation status of PPARγ and Sox9 has opposite effects on its activity, thereby controlling cell fate decision. Stem Cells 2016;34:1934-1946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer
Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer
Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongfen Min
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer
Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lois McKennett
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research,
National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research,
National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.,
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - P. Charles Lin
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer
Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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2
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van der Sligte NE, Kampen KR, ter Elst A, Scherpen FJG, Meeuwsen-de Boer TGJ, Guryev V, van Leeuwen FN, Kornblau SM, de Bont ESJM. Essential role for cyclic-AMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB) in the survival of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14970-81. [PMID: 26008971 PMCID: PMC4558129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) relapse remains a leading cause of cancer related death in children, therefore, new therapeutic options are needed. Recently, we showed that a peptide derived from Cyclic-AMP Responsive Element Binding Protein (CREB) was highly phosphorylated in pediatric leukemias. In this study, we determined CREB phosphorylation and mRNA levels showing that CREB expression was significantly higher in ALL compared to normal bone marrow (phosphorylation: P < 0.0001, mRNA: P = 0.004). High CREB and phospho-CREB expression was correlated with a lower median overall survival in a cohort of 140 adult ALL patients. ShRNA mediated knockdown of CREB in ALL cell lines blocked leukemic cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gene expression array analysis showed downregulation of CREB target genes regulating cell proliferation and glucose metabolism and upregulation of apoptosis inducing genes. Similar to CREB knockdown, the CREB inhibitor KG-501 decreased leukemic cell viability and induced apoptosis in ALL cell lines, as well as primary T-ALL samples, with cases showing high phospho-CREB levels being more sensitive than those with lower phospho-CREB levels. Together, these in vitro findings support an important role for CREB in the survival of ALL cells and identify this transcription factor as a potential target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi E van der Sligte
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim R Kampen
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arja ter Elst
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J G Scherpen
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tiny G J Meeuwsen-de Boer
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for The Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eveline S J M de Bont
- Division of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dutta M, Kraus ZJ, Gomez-Rodriguez J, Hwang SH, Cannons JL, Cheng J, Lee SY, Wiest DL, Wakeland EK, Schwartzberg PL. A role for Ly108 in the induction of promyelocytic zinc finger transcription factor in developing thymocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 190:2121-8. [PMID: 23355739 PMCID: PMC3578000 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The promyelocytic zinc finger transcription factor (PLZF) is required for the development of activated phenotypes in NKT and other innate T lymphocytes. Although strong TCR stimulation has been implicated in the induction of PLZF, the factors regulating PLZF expression are incompletely understood. We show in this study that costimulation of preselection double-positive thymocytes through the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family receptor Ly108 markedly enhanced PLZF expression compared with that induced by TCR stimulation alone. Costimulation with Ly108 increased expression of early growth response protein (Egr)-2 and binding of Egr-2 to the promoter of Zbtb16, which encodes PLZF, and resulted in PLZF levels similar to those seen in NKT cells. In contrast, costimulation with anti-CD28 failed to enhance Egr-2 binding and Zbtb16 expression. Moreover, mice lacking Ly108 showed decreased numbers of PLZF-expressing CD4(+) T cells. Together, these results support a potential role for Ly108 in the induction of PLZF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Dutta
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- George Washington University Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Zachary J. Kraus
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Sun-hee Hwang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Jun Cheng
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sang-Yun Lee
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - David L. Wiest
- Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - Edward K. Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Epling-Burnette PK, McDaniel J, Wei S, List AF. Emerging immunosuppressive drugs in myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2012; 17:519-41. [PMID: 23163589 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2012.736487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by dysplastic morphologic features and ineffective hematopoiesis. Pathophysiological characteristics change over time making therapeutic development a major challenge. In early MDS, cytopenias arise or are exacerbated by humoral and cellular immune-mediators that suppress hematopoietic progenitor survival and alter the bone marrow microenvironment. AREAS COVERED In this review, current immunosuppressive regimens are described. To identify new therapies that may enhance immunosuppressive therapy (IST) response and identify pharmacodynamic biomarkers for patient selection, the inflammasome, cytokines, metabolic pathways and signaling events are described. EXPERT OPINION Agents with the potential to induce early, durable hematologic remissions are needed and many new immunosuppressive agents are available for investigation. An immune-mediated mechanism is likely to contribute to MDS early after diagnosis. New approaches that interfere with inflammatory pathways in the bone marrow microenvironment may move closer toward sustained disease control in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearlie K Epling-Burnette
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Immunology Department, SRB 23033, 12902 Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Bertagnolo V, Brugnoli F, Grassilli S, Nika E, Capitani S. Vav1 in differentiation of tumoral promyelocytes. Cell Signal 2011; 24:612-20. [PMID: 22133616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The multidomain protein Vav1, in addition to promote the acquisition of maturation related properties by normal hematopoietic cells, is a key player in the ATRA- and PMA-induced completion of the differentiation program of tumoral myeloid precursors derived from APL. This review is focussed on the role of Vav1 in differentiating promyelocytes, as part of interconnected networks of functionally related proteins ended to regulate different aspects of myeloid maturation. The role of Vav1 in determining actin cytoskeleton reorganization alternative to the best known function as a GEF for small G proteins is discussed, as well as the binding of Vav1 with cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling molecules which provides a new perspective in the modulation of nuclear architecture and activity. In particular, new hints are provided on the ability of Vav1 to determine the nuclear amount of proteins implicated in modulating mRNA production and stability and in regulating the ATRA-dependent protein expression also by direct interaction with transcription factors known to drive the ATRA-induced maturation of myeloid cells. The reviewed findings summarize the major advances in the understanding of additional, non conventional functions connected with the vast interactive potential of Vav1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bertagnolo
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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6
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Ramanathan S, Mazzalupo S, Boitano S, Montfort WR. Thrombospondin-1 and angiotensin II inhibit soluble guanylyl cyclase through an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7787-99. [PMID: 21823650 DOI: 10.1021/bi201060c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates cardiovascular hemostasis by binding to soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), leading to cGMP production, reduced cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), and vasorelaxation. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a secreted matricellular protein, was recently discovered to inhibit NO signaling and sGC activity. Inhibition of sGC requires binding to cell-surface receptor CD47. Here, we show that a TSP-1 C-terminal fragment (E3CaG1) readily inhibits sGC in Jurkat T cells and that inhibition requires an increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Using flow cytometry, we show that E3CaG1 binds directly to CD47 on the surface of Jurkat T cells. Using digital imaging microscopy on live cells, we further show that E3CaG1 binding results in a substantial increase in [Ca(2+)](i), up to 300 nM. Addition of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor known to increase [Ca(2+)](i), also strongly inhibits sGC activity. sGC isolated from calcium-treated cells or from cell-free lysates supplemented with Ca(2+) remains inhibited, while addition of kinase inhibitor staurosporine prevents inhibition, indicating inhibition is likely due to phosphorylation. Inhibition is through an increase in K(m) for GTP, which rises to 834 μM for the NO-stimulated protein, a 13-fold increase over the uninhibited protein. Compounds YC-1 and BAY 41-2272, allosteric stimulators of sGC that are of interest for treating hypertension, overcome E3CaG1-mediated inhibition of NO-ligated sGC. Taken together, these data suggest that sGC not only lowers [Ca(2+)](i) in response to NO, inducing vasodilation, but also is inhibited by high [Ca(2+)](i), providing a fine balance between signals for vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Ramanathan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Vav1 is a crucial molecule in monocytic/macrophagic differentiation of myeloid leukemia-derived cells. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 345:163-75. [PMID: 21647562 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vav1 is a critical signal transducer for both the development and function of normal hematopoietic cells, in which it regulates the acquisition of maturation-related properties, including adhesion, motility, and phagocytosis. Vav1 is also important for the agonist-induced maturation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-derived promyelocytes, in which it promotes the acquisition of a mature phenotype by playing multiple functions at both cytoplasmic and nuclear levels. We investigated the possible role of Vav1 in the differentiation of leukemic precursors to monocytes/macrophages. Tumoral promyelocytes in which Vav1 was negatively modulated were induced to differentiate into monocytes/macrophages with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and monitored for their maturation-related properties. We found that Vav1 was crucial for the phenotypical differentiation of tumoral myeloid precursors to monocytes/macrophages, in terms of CD11b expression, adhesion capability and cell morphology. Confocal analysis revealed that Vav1 may synergize with actin in modulating nuclear morphology of PMA-treated adherent cells. Our data indicate that, in tumoral promyelocytes, Vav1 is a component of lineage-specific transduction machineries that can be recruited by various differentiating agents. Since Vav1 plays a central role in the completion of the differentiation program of leukemic promyelocytes along diverse hematopoietic lineages, it can be considered a common target for developing new therapeutic strategies for the various subtypes of myeloid leukemias.
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